蟪蛄的发音器构造及鸣声分析

对蟪蛄Ｐｌａｔｙｐｌｅｕｒａｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｉ（Ｆａｂｒ．）的自然鸣声、一般形态及发音器构造详细比较分析的结果表明：蟪蛄的鸣声与其发育器构造相统一，即：主发音器官鼓膜决定了声脉冲的特性，而辅发音器官背瓣、腹瓣、褶膜、腹室等又具有改善波形和调谐作用。蟪蛄的鸣声是由大部分高频成份和少量低频成份组成的复合声；鸣叫节律明显而有规律，变调过程在波形上可明显分为３部分，且这３部分交替进行，构成其完整的鸣叫过程。单鸣声和求偶交配声更具种的专一性，受内外界因素影响较小．可作为鸣声分类较理想的鸣叫类型。     

蟪蛄的发音器构造及鸣声分析

对蟪蛄Ｐｌａｔｙｐｌｅｕｒａ ｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｉ（Ｆａｂｒ．）的自然鸣声，一般形态及发音器构造详细比较分析的结果表明：蟪蛄的鸣声与其发音器构造相统一，即：主发音器官鼓膜决定了声脉冲的特性，而辅发音器官背瓣，腹瓣，褶膜，腹室等又具有改善波形和调谐作用。蟪蛄的鸣声是由大部分高频在和少量低频成份组成的复合声；鸣叫节律明显而有规律，变调过程在波形上可明显分为３部分，且这３部分交替进行，构成其完整的鸣叫过程     

通贤柚果园黑蚱蝉发生特点及防治措施

黑蚱蝉又名知了,为害多种果树。其若虫长期生活在土里,刺吸树根部汁液,影响树势发育;成虫因取食和产卵需要划破枝梢皮层,易引起"滴露"和病菌感染,造成枝梢溃疡枯死,果实脱落,品质下降。在安岳县的通贤柚产区,该病危害严重,造成枝梢枯死、大量落果,让果农蒙受不小的经济损失。现就黑蚱蝉在通贤柚上的发生特点和防治措施作一简单介绍。一、发生特点1.生活史黑蚱蝉在安岳县一般5～6年完成1代,以卵在被害枝梢内和不同龄期的若虫在树根附近土中越冬。越冬卵在次年5月至6月中下旬孵化,6月上旬为盛孵期,越冬成熟若虫大多在6月中旬开始出土蜕皮变为成虫,以7～8月发生为害、交配产卵和鸣声最盛,9月下旬至10月上旬为成虫发生未     

蚱蝉及其人工养殖

1特征特性 蚱蝉(Cryptotympana atrata Fabr.)又名黑蚱蝉、黑蚱、蚱了、爬树猴、蜘了、鸣蝉、蜂獠等,为同翅目蝉科蚱蝉属昆虫.     

人工神经网络对果蝇鸣声的分类识别

为了利用昆虫鸣声对昆虫进行种间或种下分类,对实验室环境下同种2个不同品系黑腹果蝇的飞行翅振鸣声进行了采集、分析,提取鸣声信号特征参数,并利用人工神经网络对采集的果蝇鸣声信号进行分类识别。结果表明,2个品系果蝇鸣声的基频均为236.86 Hz,有多个谐频,频率范围为0~4000 Hz,重叠较大;所建立的人工神经网络对种内不同品系果蝇鸣声的正确识别率均在75%以上,识别效果很好。研究结果为果蝇种下分类提供了新的方法和依据。     

黑蚱蝉发生特点与防治技术

总结了黑蚱蝉在大荔地区的生活史及习性,指出清园不彻底和统防统治措施不力是黑蚱蝉危害逐年加重的主要原因,并针对该虫食性杂、活动范围广的特点,提出综合防治技术,以期为有效防治黑蚱蝉提供参考。     

柚园黑蚱蝉田间消长规律及防治技术

历时9年观察表明:黑蚱蝉(Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius))在柚园年发生危害高峰期明显,且持续时间较长;若虫羽化必需附着物,其中61.82%～89.45%在晚上羽化.实施资源式联防联治,环形水槽拾若虫,利用白(绿)僵菌黑蚱蝉虫尸或白僵菌杀虫剂等防治技术,防治效果和保果效果显著.     

树下养蚱蝉 无本赚大钱

蚱蝉若虫又名知了龟，知了猴等，成虫又称黑蝉，我国许多地区都有食用蚱蝉的习惯，河南、湖北、上海、北京、山东、广东等省市尤为盛行，最普遍的食用方式为“油炸金蝉”。蚱蝉若虫（知了龟）有极高的营养价值和独特的口感，堪为食用昆虫中的佼佼者。目前，蚱蝉已经成为各种档次客人的美味菜肴。     

思州柚园黑蚱蝉若虫羽化空间分布型及羽化过程

黑蚱蝉是危害柚树的主要害虫之一,观察黑蚱蝉羽化过程并应用5个聚集指标及Iwao回归分析法、Taylor幂法则对黑蚱蝉羽化的空间格局进行研究,可为该虫的危害调查与防治提供理论依据。结果表明,黑蚱蝉若虫羽化垂直分布规律为柚树1～2 m处的羽化虫数占总羽化虫数的48.30%,2 m以上的占34.00%,1 m以下的占17.70%;羽化空间分布型格局的5个聚集指标分别表现为I(丛生指标)0,m~*/m(聚块性指标)1,C_A(聚集度指标)0,C(扩散系数)1,k(负二项分布指标)0,因此,黑蚱蝉若虫羽化在思州柚树上呈聚集分布,个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分为个体群;黑蚱蝉羽化过程包括羽化地点选择、壳裂、出壳、展翅、晾翅等5个阶段,时间大约为4 h。     

养殖蚱蝉效益高

<正>【市场前景】蚱蝉是蝉科昆虫的代表种,成虫又称黑蝉,若虫又名黄金蝉、知了龟、知了猴等。我国许多地区都有食用蚱蝉的习俗,以山东最为盛行,最普遍的食用方式为"油炸金蝉"。蚱蝉体内含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸及微量元素。其中人体必需氨基酸的含量达46.63%。蚱蝉若虫蛋白质的含量高达70.2%,是鸡蛋     

Songs of humpback whales

1) Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce a series of beautiful and varied sounds for a period of 7 to 30 minutes and then repeat the same series with considerable precision. We call such a performance "singing" and each repeated series of sounds a "song." 2) All prolonged sound patterns (recorded so far) of this species are in song form, and each individual adheres to its own song type. 3) There seem to be several song types around which whales construct their songs, but individual variations are pronounced (there is only a very rough species-specific song pattern). 4) Songs are repeated without any obvious pause between them; thus song sessions may continue for several hours. 5) The sequence of themes in successive songs by the same individual is the same. Although the number of phrases per theme varies, no theme is ever completely omitted in our sample. 6) Loud sounds in the ocean, for example dynamite blasts, do not seem to affect the whale's songs. 7) The sex of the performer of any of the songs we have studied is unknown. 8) The function of the songs is unknown.     

Freedom and rules: the acquisition and reprogramming of a bird's learned song

Canary song is hierarchically structured: Short stereotyped syllables are repeated to form phrases, which in turn are arranged to form songs. This structure occurs even in the songs of young isolates, which suggests that innate rules govern canary song development. However, juveniles that had never heard normal song imitated abnormal synthetic songs with great accuracy, even when the tutor songs lacked phrasing. As the birds matured, imitated songs were reprogrammed to form typical canary phrasing. Thus, imitation and innate song constraints are separate processes that can be segregated in time: freedom in youth, rules in adulthood.     

Bat predation and its influence on calling behavior in neotropical katydids

Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males.     

A test for responsiveness to song structure and programming in female sparrows

Female song sparrows, primed with implants of estradiol, gave the solicitation display for copulation in response to acoustic stimulation with song. This technique demonstrated that female song sparrows respond more strongly to conspecific song than to alien songs, that they discriminate on the basis of both overall temporal pattern and syllabic structure, that they respond more to several song types than to repetitions of one song, and that they are most responsive to several song types if the songs are organized in bouts of a single type, as they are normally delivered by a male song sparrow. These results demonstrate a substantial correspondence between the structure and programming of the singing behavior of male birds and female responsiveness to song.     

Selective vocal learning in a sparrow

Male swamp sparrows learn their songs; they fail to learn songs of the sympatric song sparrow. Syllables from tape recordings of both species of sparrow were spliced into an array of swamp sparrow-like and song sparrow-like temporal patterns. Swamp sparrows learned only those songs made of swamp sparrow syllables. They did so irrespective of whether the temporal pattern was swamp sparrow-like or song sparrow-like. Selectivity was retained by birds reared in total isolation from adult conspecific sounds.     

Hawaiian courtship songs: evolutionary innovation in communication signals of Drosophila

In Hawaii, flies of the genus Drosophila have undergone spectacular adaptive radiation, resulting in the evolution of more than 500 species of Drosophila that are found nowhere else on earth. This taxonomic uniqueness is reflected in behavior and morphology. Hawaiian Drosophila sing songs, as do continental Drosophila; however, the Hawaiian songs have diverged strongly in form and mechanism of production. The click-song of D. fasciculisetae's (Maui) has a carrier frequency an order of magnitude higher than those reported in familiar continental species, such as D. melanogaster (170 hertz). Drosophila fasciculisetae's song resembles a cicada's more than a fly's song. The song of D. cyrtoloma (Maui) has a complex pulse rhythm more typical of crickets than flies. The pulse song of D. silvestris (Hawaii) closely resembles that of D. melanogaster in both pulse rhythm and carrier frequency, but D. melanogaster sings by vibrating its wings, whereas D. silvestris sings through abdominal vibrations. These mechanisms are radical departures from the continental wing song mechanism and are further examples of the remarkable behavioral innovation that has occurred in the Drosophila of Hawaii during their evolutionary transit through these islands.     

声乐教学中古诗词艺术歌曲特色探究

本文以探究古诗词艺术歌曲特色为视角,从声乐教学角度出发,通过阐述古诗词艺术歌 曲的演唱技巧、声乐教学中古诗词艺术歌曲的意境把握以及声乐教学中古诗词艺术歌曲的美学 价值,进一步明确在声乐教学中应该如何指导学生来演唱此类作品,如何让学生准确的把握古诗 词艺术歌曲的演唱特色。强调在声乐教学中,学习古诗词艺术歌曲不仅要求学生有着一定的声 乐技巧,更要求学生拥有深厚的文化素养,真正切实的唱出古诗词艺术歌曲的魂,有较高的参考 价值和社会意义。     

Interspecific genetic control of courtship song production and reception in Drosophila

The genetic control of courtship song differences between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans males was investigated by producing hybrids from reciprocal crosses. The song rhythm difference between the parental species appears to be due to sex-linked genes, whereas the basic interpulse-interval difference is autosomally inherited. Hybrid females show selective preferences for artificially generated songs carrying intermediate "hybrid" characteristics.     

中国蟋蟀总科昆虫分类学研究概况

简述了中国蟋蟀总科昆虫的分类系统及其分类学的现状;在形态学方面,中国蟋蟀总科昆虫已知230种（亚种）,隶属于10科69属;概述了蟋蟀鸣声和发声器、细胞分类学、分子系统学等3个方面的研究概况.