施氮对15龄不同组合禾草混作草地的改良研究

以15龄混作禾草草地为对象,研究不同施氮肥量0(CK),75(N₁),150(N₂)和225 kg·hm^-2(N₃)对植物群落特征的综合影响。结果表明:施肥提高牧草高度和地上生物量,降低了植物群落的物种丰富度,但对混作草地主要牧草的优势地位影响不明显。N₂极显著增加了混作草地的产量和Jaccard多样性指数(P<0.01),降低了Whittaker多样性指数,在提升草地生产力的同时,保持了群落的相对稳定性。     

藏北高原人工垂穗披碱草种群生物量分配对施氮处理的响应

在藏北高原研究高寒草甸退化区人工建植垂穗披碱草种群生物量分配及其对施氮处理的响应。结果表明,1) 2年龄的人工垂穗披碱草种群在最高施氮处理175 kg N/hm²下可提高群落盖度42.0%,增加牧草产量808 kg/hm²;2) 表施氮肥能够促进植株个体及各构件的生长,对生物量分配模式无明显改变;3) 表施氮肥处理可提高垂穗披碱草叶片生物量比重,在105 kg N/hm²处理下茎叶比最小(2.187);4) 施氮处理不能明显改变其繁殖分配模式,其繁殖分配主要受遗传因素控制;5) 建植早期施氮处理能促进人工草地群落植被对土壤氮、磷的吸收。     

黄土丘陵区白羊草群落光谱特征对氮磷添加的响应

为利用草地群落光谱参数来评价氮磷施肥效应,本研究以安塞纸坊沟流域内白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）群落为研究对象,测定计算不同氮磷添加[N处理：0（N₀）,25（N₂₅）,50（N₅₀）和100（N₁₀₀） kg N·hm^-2·a^-1;P处理（以P₂O₅计）：0（P₀）,20（P₂₀）,40（P₄₀）和 80（P₈₀） kg P₂O₅·hm^-2·a^-1]的草地群落光谱特征,同步测定草地群落地上生物量和盖度并计算群落多样性指数。结果表明：施氮显著增大群落地上生物量和盖度,施磷显著增加盖度,氮磷添加对群落多样性无显著影响;氮磷添加后,光谱在“蓝谷”,“绿峰”和“红谷”处的反射率均显著降低;单施氮对红边参数无显著影响,单施磷显著增大红边斜率及面积;植被指数在施氮或施磷后均显著增大,且磷添加的增幅大于氮。总体研究表明,施氮和施磷对草地生物量和盖度的影响不同,施磷能有效提高白羊草群落盖度和群体光合能力,N₅₀P₄₀处理提升群落光合能力最强。     

放牧强度对环青海湖高寒草原群落物种多样性和生产力的影响

通过2年的连续放牧试验,采用比较样地法,调查了不同放牧强度对环青海湖高寒草原生物多样性和生产力的影响,并探讨了植物物种多样性与草地生产力之间的关系,为高寒草原的合理利用提供基础资料。结果表明:物种丰富度和多样性指数随放牧强度的增加基本呈单峰变化,即在中度放牧下多样性最高,重度放牧下群落物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均表现为最小;群落生产力随放牧强度的增加而降低(P<0.05);莎草科地上生物量差异不显著,禾本科和豆科生产力降低(P<0.05),杂类草生物量有增加趋势;禾草和豆科比例减小,莎草和杂类草比例增加;草地生产力与Simpson多样性指数和Alatalo均匀度指数呈显著的单峰函数关系(R²=0.910, P=20.027; R²=0.953, P=20.010),结合Simpson多样性指数和Alatalo均匀度指数才能更好地反映维持草地生产力水平的多样性指标。放牧强度是影响群落物种多样性和生产力及其关系的重要因素。     

西北绿洲灌区饲用燕麦耗水特性及产量变化对水氮耦合的响应

灌水和施肥是调控作物生长和产量形成的两大重要技术措施,研究水氮互作对燕麦耗水特性及产量的影响,对于优化燕麦高产高效栽培理论和技术具有重要意义。2014-2015年连续两个生长季,在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,田间试验设置3个定额灌溉和3个施氮(纯N)水平,研究水氮耦合对陇燕3号农田0~150 cm土层耗水量、棵间蒸发、产量及水分利用效率的影响。3个灌溉处理的灌水量分别为270.0 mm (I₁)、337.5 mm (I₂)和405.0 mm (I₃),3个施N水平分别为90 kg/hm² (N₁)、120 kg/hm² (N₂)和150 kg/hm² (N₃)。在全生育期内,棵间蒸发量(E)及E/ET(总蒸散量)的比例表现先降后升趋势,且相同施氮量下,拔节至灌浆期随灌水量的增大而增大,而灌浆至成熟期则随灌水量的增大而减小。相同施氮量下,燕麦耗水量与籽粒产量随着灌水量的增加而显著增加,水分利用效率却随着灌水量的增加而降低。所有处理中,N₃I₃产量最高(5466.0~5727.5 kg/hm²),N₃I₂次之(5428.5~5678.5 kg/hm²),N₁I₁最小(4504.5~4804.3 kg/hm²),而N₃I₂的水分利用效率最大[12.11~12.82 kg/(mm·hm²)],N₃I₁次之[12.04~12.63 kg/(mm·hm²)],N₁I₃最小[9.79~10.58 kg/(mm·hm²)]。由此表明,水氮耦合对燕麦水分利用及产量具有显著互作效应,施氮量150 kg/hm²、灌溉定额337.5 mm是西北绿洲灌区燕麦种植较佳的节水、高产水氮管理模式。     

添加氮素对退化高寒草地植被及营养品质的影响

施肥是众多草地恢复措施中提高草地肥力的主要方式之一,为了探讨高寒退化草地适宜的氮（N）添加量,以高寒退化草地为研究对象,设置不同施氮水平N1（10 kg·hm^-2）,N2（20 kg·hm^-2）,N3（30 kg·hm^-2）,N4（40 kg·hm^-2）,分析添加氮素对高寒退化草地群落物种多样性,生产力及牧草品质的影响。结果表明：随着施氮年份的延长,各施氮水平的物种数及多样性均明显降低,但各施氮水平间差异不明显;施氮增加了可食牧草地上生物量,总体表现为N3和N4水平高于其他水平,各功能群地上生物量在各施氮水平间以及同一施氮水平不同年份间的差异都不显著;施氮显著增加了牧草粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量（P<0.05）,随着施氮水平的增加,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均呈增加趋势,其中N4水平粗蛋白含量提高了41.55%。通过主成分分析以及结合草地群落变化特征,将高寒退化草地施氮量初步定为30~40 kg·hm^-2。本研究结果可为高寒退化草地的可持续性恢复和管理提供一定的理论基础。     

施用尿素当年对退化天然草地物种地上生物量和重要值的影响

试验采取不同施肥梯度对内蒙古太仆寺旗地区的退化天然草地进行改良,经研究发现,不同物种对施肥梯度的反应不同。羊草在施尿素50 kg/hm²时地上生物量最大,在群落中重要值的上升也最明显;糙苏对施肥75 kg/hm²反应最为敏感,在群落中重要值基本呈直线上升;星毛委陵菜在施肥100 kg/hm²时地上生物量增产最大,在群落中的重要值下降也最慢。结果表明,不同的施肥梯度可以在一定程度上控制群落的物种结构。     

小麦/玉米/大豆套作和施氮对玉米生长及氮吸收利用的影响

为研究小麦/玉米/大豆套作种植模式和施氮水平对玉米生长、产量及氮吸收利用规律的影响,进行了2个种植模式(玉米单作和小麦/玉米/大豆套作)和2013年3个施氮水平(0,180,360 kg/hm²)及2014年4个施氮水平(0,90,180,270 kg/hm²)的双因素随机区组实验,以期揭示施氮及套作对玉米产量的影响规律,为进一步提高小麦/玉米/大豆套作体系产量提供理论依据。研究结果表明,1)在N₀及N₉₀处理下套作玉米的产量分别比单作低20.5%、7.5%,表现为套作劣势,而在N₁₈₀、N₂₇₀、N₃₆₀处理下,套作玉米与单作玉米产量无显著差异。2)单/套作玉米地上部生物量在各生育时期均表现为随施氮量的增加先增加后略有降低,干物质积累速率均在吐丝期到收获期达到最大。相对单作,各施氮处理下小麦对套作玉米的茎秆生长均产生显著不利影响,在拔节期套作玉米茎秆生长率比单作低12.5%,这种影响随施氮量的增加而减小,在施氮量到达180 kg/hm²后影响不显著。3)在N₀、N₉₀处理下,单作玉米花期氮积累量在生殖生长期更多转运到籽粒,而在N₁₈₀、N₂₇₀、N₃₆₀处理下,套作花期前氮积累量转移到籽粒的比例更高。而两种模式下均以施氮180~270 kg/hm²下氮转运指标最优,这说明在该施氮条件下最有利于提高植株氮素转运机能。综上所述,适量施氮有利于稳定小麦/玉米/大豆套作种植模式中的玉米产量,提高氮的吸收转运效率,减轻小麦对玉米生长和氮吸收利用的影响,本研究条件下,套作玉米施氮量以180 kg/hm²为宜。     

藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落结构和多样性对增氮的响应

土壤线虫在高寒草甸生态系统物质循环和能量传递过程中起重要作用。高寒草甸植物对氮沉降极为敏感，但增氮对土壤线虫群落结构和多样性的影响仍不明确。本研究在西藏那曲高寒草甸开展模拟氮沉降试验，设置0、7、20、40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-14个增氮水平(硝酸铵)，研究增氮对高寒草甸土壤线虫群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明：1)增氮显著改变了高寒草甸土壤线虫的群落组成，并且降低了线虫多样性和均匀度；2)N₂₀、N₄₀显著提高了食细菌线虫(Ba)类群的相对丰度，较对照组分别提高了30.4%和31.7%;3)线虫多样性指数(H’)和均匀度指数(J)均表现为N_ck>N₄₀>N₂₀>N₇，不同处理间植物寄生线虫指数(plant parasite index,PPI)、自由线虫成熟度指数(maturity index,MI)、瓦斯乐思卡指数(wasilewska index,WI)无显著差异。在不同增氮条件下，线...     

氮素配施对三江源区退化高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响

三江源区草地退化严重威胁我国的生态安全,因此,研究恢复措施对草地的影响有重要意义。本研究以青海省果洛藏族自治州轻度退化高寒草甸为研究样地,通过三种不同类型氮素(尿素CH₄N₂O、硫酸铵(NH₄)₂SO₄和硝酸钾KNO₃)的九种组合配施,分析氮素配施后退化高寒草甸群落特征和土壤养分的变化,以探究不同类型氮素配施对退化高寒草甸恢复效果。研究结果表明,与对照相比,氮素配施显著提高了群落初级生产力(P<0.05),且生物量随着氮素配施量呈先增加后降低趋势,但对植物群落多样性无显著影响;土壤中速效氮和硝态氮呈现降低趋势(P<0.05),但有机碳、全氮、全磷和铵态氮含量无显著变化;利用主成分分析,通过综合评价植被指标和土壤指标,筛选出恢复该区域退化高寒草甸的最佳氮素配施量为47.2 g·m^-2硫酸铵+72.2 g·m^-2硝酸钾+21.6 g·m^-2尿素,为退化高寒草甸的恢复提供理论依据。     

氮磷添加对藏北人工牧草生产性能和品质的评价

采用田间实验，随机区组设计，选用禾本科牧草绿麦、燕麦，豆科牧草箭筈豌豆、藏豌豆为试验材料，设置不施肥（CK）、尿素75 kg·hm^-2（N）、磷酸二铵375 kg·hm^-2（NP）、有机肥22500 kg·hm^-2（OM），尿素75 kg·hm^-2+磷酸二铵375 kg·hm^-2+有机肥22500 kg·hm^-2（NPOM）5种处理，应用相关分析和4种评价模型对藏北人工牧草的生产性能和营养品质进行关联性分析和综合评价。结果表明：1）与未施肥（CK）相比，氮磷添加均提高了牧草的生产性能和营养价值，使牧草的主要物候期提前1~12 d。2）简单相关和偏相关分析表明对藏北人工草地的产量影响最大的是株高和出苗率，其次也应关注牧草的茎叶比、分蘖/枝数和盖度。3）主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联分析法、相似优先比法综合评价表明以NPOM处理的绿麦与藏豌豆，NP处理的燕麦、绿麦与藏豌豆，NP和NPOM处理的人工牧草综合评价最佳。因此，藏北人工草地建设过程中应适当地提高株高及出苗率，选用绿麦与藏豌豆混播进行NP、NPOM处理对提高草地生产性能，改善牧草品质效果最好，适宜在藏北地区大面积种植。     

Effects of stocking and nitrogen fertilization rates on steers grazing dallisgrass-dominated pasture

To compare the performance of steer calves managed under different stocking rates (SR; 3.7, 6.2, 8.6, and 11.1 steers/ha for 140 d; chi(I1)) and N fertilization rates (112, 224, and 336 kg of N/ha; chi(I2)) in May 1996, 1997, and 1998, 72 steer calves (BW = 231 +/- 2.5 kg) were assigned randomly to one of 12 0.81-ha dallisgrass (51%)/common bermudagrass (32%) pastures. One-third of the fertilizer was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate in May, June, and August to achieve the prescribed totals. Treatments were separated using a polynomial regression equation: gammai = beta0 + beta1chi(I1) + beta2chi(I2) + beta(11)chi2(I1) + beta(12)chi2(I2) + beta(12)chi(i1)chi(i2) + epsilonI, with years as replicates. Within the range of the data, ADG and BW gain per steer were greatest at a stocking rate of 3.7 steers/ha and 336 kg/ha of N. Body weight gain per hectare peaked at 701 kg when cattle were stocked at 8.9 steers/ha and the pasture was fertilized with 336 kg/ha of N. The least cost of production was at a stocking rate of 3.7 steers/ha, with 112 kg/ha of fertilizer N applied, and the greatest cost of production was at a stocking rate of 11.1 steers/ha with 336 kg/ha of fertilizer N applied. Fertilization at 336 kg/ha of N produced the most profitable stocking rate at 7.3 steers/ha and returned 355.64 dollars. The optimal stocking rate for net return was 79, 81, and 82% of that for maximum BW gain per hectare for 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha of N, respectively. Under the assumptions made in the financial analysis, these data show that the economically optimal carrying capacity of similar pastures can be increased with N fertilizer up to at least 336 kg/ha annually.     

Effect of ammonium sulfate fertilization on bahiagrass quality and copper metabolism in grazing beef cattle

To assess the impact of S fertilization on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) quality and Cu metabolism in cattle, two studies were conducted during the summer grazing season (1999 and 2000). Pasture replicates (16.2 ha; n = 2/treatment) received the same fertilizer treatment in each growing season, consisting of 1) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium sulfate (AS), 2) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium nitrate (AN), and 3) control (no fertilizer; C). Forage sampling was conducted at 28-d intervals following fertilization by the collection of whole plants (four samples/pasture) in randomly distributed 1-m2 grazing exclusion cages and analyzed for CP, in vitro organic matter digestibility, S, P, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, and Zn. To determine the effect of fertilizer treatment on liver trace mineral concentrations in grazing cattle, random liver tissue samples were collected (n = 12; four/treatment) at the start and end of the study period in 2000. Ammonium sulfate fertilization increased (P < 0.001) forage S concentration in both years. Plant tissue N concentrations were increased by N fertilization, regardless of source, in 2000, but not in 1999. Cows grazing AS pastures had lower (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations at the end of the study period in 2000 compared to AN and C. In Exp. 2, 37 Cu-deficient heifers grazing AS fertilized pastures were obtained from the same location and allocated to one of two treatments, consisting of supplements providing 123 mg/d of either inorganic (Cu sulfate; n = 12) or organic (Availa-Cu; n = 15) Cu. Treatments were delivered for 83 d. Liver Cu increased over time in all heifers regardless of treatment; however, heifers supplemented with Availa-Cu tended (P = 0.09) to have higher mean liver Cu concentrations than those receiving Cu sulfate. The results of these studies indicate that AS fertilization of bahiagrass increases forage S concentrations. When provided free-choice access to a complete salt-based trace mineral supplement, cows grazing AS-fertilized pastures had lower liver Cu concentrations than cows grazing pastures fertilized with AN; upon removal from high-S pastures, cattle were able to respond to Cu supplementation.     

不同施肥处理对高寒草地地上生物量及植物群落特征的影响

试验以天祝高寒放牧草地植物为研究对象,进行了8种肥料(N,P,K,Zn,Cu,Mo,Se,B)的根部喷施试验,于7月和8月份测定不同处理草地植物群落特征。结果表明:除禾草类群外,各施肥处理对天祝高寒草地不同植物学类群地上生物量影响不显著(P0.05),氮肥提高了禾草类植物的生物量,但与对照差异不显著;施肥处理对赖草(Leymus secalinus)、早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的盖度以及赖草的密度有极显著影响(P0.01)。     

返青期休牧对玛多高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

针对高寒草原冬春草场退化及草畜不平衡问题,为遏制草地生态系统进一步退化、提高草地生产力,本研究于2018年在青海省玛多县玛查理镇冬春草场开展返青期休牧育草试验。试验采用随机区组设计,设置返青期休牧和返青期放牧两个处理,在休牧结束时期和牧草生长高峰期(7月10日和8月10日)分别进行草地植物群落调查。结果表明:相对于放牧草地,7,8月份休牧草地的禾本科牧草株高增加了236.33%和123.83%(P<0.05),盖度增加了41.13%和61.71%(P<0.05),地上总生物量增加58.66%和33.62%;休牧以后草地主要植物种由原来的沙生风毛菊(Saussurea arenaria Maxim)、山莓草(Sibbaldia procumbens Linn.)等变为紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea Griseb)、疏花针茅(Stipa penicillata Hand.-Mazz)等;休牧草地和放牧草地样点植物群落结构存在差异;休牧草地植物群落物种丰富度、辛普森指数、香农-维纳指数较放牧草地均有所增加。因此,返青期休牧在高寒草原的实施改善了草地植被恢复情况,优化了草地植物群落结构,增强了生态系统多样性。本试验可为退化高寒草原植被恢复及休牧制度的实施提供科学理论依据。     

Avian Community Response to Grazing Intensity on Monoculture and Mixed Florida Pastures

Monoculture and mixed pastures in Florida provide habitat for a variety of resident and migratory bird species. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of grazing on vegetation structure and bird species richness and abundance in grazed monoculture and mixed pastures. Study pasture units were subject to four cattle grazing intensities: 0 = nongrazed (control), 15 = low, 20 = medium, or 35 = high animal units (AU) per pasture unit (no cattle, 1.3, 1.0, and 0.6 ha · AU^?1, on monoculture pastures and no cattle, 2.1, 1.6, and 0.9 ha · AU^?1, on mixed pastures). Monoculture pastures displayed a greater decrease in spatial heterogeneity of the vegetative community in the presence of grazing than mixed pastures. An increase in grazing intensity led to declines in total avian species richness and abundance and species richness within short-distance migrant, neotropical migrant, and permanent resident guilds on monoculture pastures. Declines in total species richness and abundance and neotropical migrant guild species richness and abundance were observed on mixed pastures subject to increasing grazing intensity. However, species richness within short-distance migrant and urban guilds and abundance within the grassland guild increased on this pasture type in the presence of grazing. Loss of spatial heterogeneity typically results in a lack of suitable habitat for birds that occupy the extremes of the vegetation structure gradient. This can lead to a loss of species richness and abundance. For the majority of avian guilds, a low grazing intensity of 1.3 ha · AU^?1 and 2.1 ha · AU^?1 on monoculture and mixed pasture, respectively, is recommended to maintain abundance. However, these grazing intensities may result in declines in species richness. Ultimately, if a range of avian species are to be supported on monoculture and mixed pastures, spatial heterogeneity of plant structure and composition must be maintained.     

Preweaning Productivity of Suckling Goats and Sheep in Guadeloupe (FWI) under Intensive Reproductive Rate and Grazing Management

In Guadeloupe, small ruminants are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotative grazing systems (irrigated, fertilized and high-stocked tropical pastures) allow satisfactory levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control these. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (residuals remained, RR). The same design was carried out over two years with Creole goats and Martinik sheep. An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year (dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats (36.0+/-2.5 kg) or 20 ewes (46.8+/-2.4 kg). The systems exhibited high levels of productivity in both species compared to other results in the tropics: more than 50 and 30 offspring born alive per hectare and per reproductive season for the goat and ewe flocks, respectively. The annual production at birth was 110 kg kids/ha per year and 133 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 21% more). Corresponding values at weaning were 630 kg kids/ha per year and 785 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 25% more). The RM system produced 10% more than the RR system in Creole goats, while it produced 35% more in Martinik sheep. Seasonal effects and other factors of variation are discussed.     

Factors affecting pregnancy rate in Holstein-Friesian cattle mated during summer in a tropical upland environment

SUMMARY The relationships between some environmental factors and reproductive rates of dairy cattle during summer in a tropical upland area were studied using records for Holstein-Frieslan milking cows and non-lactating growing helfers maintained at the Kalri Research Station on the Atherton Tableland in north Queensland. The Station is situated in a tropical upland environment with warm, wet summers and dry, cool winters. Data were collected over a 12-year-period (1977 to 1988) for cows grazing nitrogen (N)-fertilised grass pastures and receiving either no supplement or about 3.5 kg molasses/cow/day. Cattle were mated over a 10-week period starting from mid-January to early February, with 32 to 36 cows and 5 to 42 heifers used in each year. There was considerable variation among years in the pregnancy rate after 3 Inseminations, with a low of 39% and a high of 94% pregnancy. This variation from year to year was reduced for cows grazing pastures receiving 300 kg N/ha/yr after molasses feeding commenced in 1984–85. Pregnancy rates after molasses Introduction were higher for cows grazing pastures receiving 300 compared with 100 kg N/ha/yr. Pregnancy rate in cows and heifers was reduced from 80 to 55% as mean daily maximum temperature increased from 26°C to 27.5°C. At mean maximum temperatures above 27°C for cows and 27.6°C for heifers pregnancy rates to 3 Inseminations were consistently below 60%. Much of the year to year variation in pregnancy rate was related to rainfall during the mating period. There was a positive association between pregnancy rate and rainfall up to 1000 mm, and this was associated with differences in growth rate of pasture. In years of very high rainfall, above 1500 mm, there was a depression in pregnancy rate, which may be related to the intense humidity in very wet years causing heat stress in cows and associated problems such as feet infections, or a deterioration in pasture quality. We conclude that much of the variation in pregnancy rate during summer may have been related to heat stress and the level of feed supply in the form of pasture and supplements.     

青海高寒草甸施氮肥增产效应浅析

采用氮肥施用量的单因子试验研究了施用氮肥对高寒草甸的增产效应。结果表明,就2年累积增产效应而言,施氮量为150 kg/hm2时,每公斤尿素可获得地上总生物量的最大增产量为19.22 kg,而当施氮量为225 kg/hm2时,禾本科牧草可以获得单位尿素的最大增产量为17.48 kg。综合考虑草地总盖度、草地总生物量、优良牧草生物量及优良牧草分盖度的增加,认为天然高寒草甸草地的最佳施氮量为150 kg/hm2,2年累积可增加地上总生物量2 883 kg/hm2鲜草,增加禾本科牧草地上生物量1 770 kg/hm2鲜草。     

施磷肥对高寒草甸草原牧草的增产效应研究

以地处青藏高原东北边缘的甘南高寒草甸为研究对象,分析了施磷肥对牧草产量和经济类群的影响。结果表明:随着施磷水平的增加,高寒草甸牧草产量有不同程度的提升,牧草增长率在19%~96%。施肥对不同经济类群的增产效应不同,豆科牧草地上生物量增幅最大,当施肥量为180kg/hm2时产量增长率最高(1 030%)。三次多项式函数施肥模型能更好的模拟施磷肥对高寒草甸草原牧草的增产效应,施肥量为163.2kg/hm2时的增长率最高,为90.57%,施肥量为153.6kg/hm2时的增长效益最高,为0.411%/元。