我国森林资源木材供给能力分析

为了解我国现有森林资源承载量及木材供给潜力,以全国第八次森林资源连续清查数据为基础,根据《森林采伐作业规程》、《森林抚育规程》、《生态公益林建设技术规程》等规定,按照不同起源、优势树种（组）、龄组（龄级）划分标准,分主伐、抚育采伐、更新采伐和补充主伐4个采伐类型测算森林资源可采资源及合理采伐量。测算结果表明,森林资源可采资源量有所增长,合理采伐量区间为2.74～3.17亿m3。     

论红松果材林的生态经济问题

本文全面主红松果材林生态系统的特点,划分了吉林省红松果材林的栽培区域。提出了红松果材林复合生态系统类型和红松果材林经营的技术问题。     

低产用材林改造的调查研究

在调查研究全省现有低产林及疏林资源基础上,着重分析了低产用材林形成的原因．并提出了低产用材林改造的技术路线与相应措施。     

分层序列法在林分收获调整中的应用(英文)

分层序列法是一种多目标决策方法,本文将其用于山西省管涔山森林经营局千秋沟林场落叶松经营类型的森林收获调整．结果表明：使用该法,决策者可将对不同目标的要求落实到合理的水平上;该法求解简单,是进行森林收获调整有力的数学工具     

日本森林资源增长特点与采伐利用政策

早在20世纪70年代日本就成为世界第1大木材进口国,近50年来其森林蓄积量净增长1.6倍。一个森林资源大国,长期大量地进口木材以满足其国内需求,因此有观点认为日本大量进口木材是为了保护本国的森林资源。文中重点阐述日本森林资源增长特点、木材进口动向、国产材利用政策等问题,以阐明日本为什么长期依靠进口木材而未能有效利用本国的森林资源和近年来日本政府推行的国产材利用政策及其成效。     

Breeding bird response to partially harvested riparian management zones

We compared avian communities among three timber harvesting treatments in 45-m wide even-age riparian management zones (RMZs) placed between upland clearcuts and along one side of first- or second-order streams in northern Minnesota, USA. The RMZs had three treatments: (1) unharvested, (2) intermediate residual basal area (RBA) (targeted goal 11.5 m²/ha, realized 16.0 m²/ha), and (3) low RBA (targeted goal 5.7 m²/ha, realized 8.7 m²/ha). Surveys were conducted one year pre-harvest and three consecutive years post-harvest. There was no change in species richness, diversity, or total abundance associated with harvest but there were shifts in the types of birds within the community. In particular, White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) and Chestnut-sided Warblers (Dendroica pensylvanica) increased while Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) decreased. The decline of avian species associated with mature forest in the partially harvested treatments relative to controls indicates that maintaining an unharvested RMZ adjacent to an upland harvest may aid in maintaining avian species associated mature forest in Minnesota for at least three years post-harvest. However, our observations do not reflect reproductive success, which is an area for future research.     

“十一五”期间森林合理年采伐量测算及存在问题的探讨

介绍了“十一五”期间森林合理年采伐量测算的原则、采伐类型、测算方法、测算数据与测算参数,探讨了合理年采伐量测算工作中存在的问题,对进一步完善合理年采伐量测算方法、优化测算软件提出了意见与建议。     

Deforestation and managerial scales in Côte d’Ivoire

ABSTRACT

We provide evidence that a factor contributing to the specific patterns of deforestation in Côte d’Ivoire is the set of spatial units of management used to structure wood extraction. Timber harvests were organized through a system of harvest perimeters, called “chantier,” for nearly a century. Chantiers were initiated as managerial instruments. However, their use as spatial tool for profit maximization led to positional anarchy. The lack of support for sustainable harvests from the legislation, the restoration system, and the tree-based policy governing the use of their content made the chantier the basis of a one-way resources extraction. Managerial scales facilitated clearing of forests. None served to regenerate forests. Using historical and official documents, satellite and cartographic data, we attempted to demonstrate how managerial scales aiming to organize logging have contributed to deforestation. We discuss the phases of fragmentation in the rainforest, the managerial scales, and the environmental context in which they were applied. We summarize the legislation that governed the managerial scales and how these scales organized space but the tree species-based policies and activities resulted in the forest’s dilapidation. The final section addresses the use of these scales in the creation of data for policy making.     

Causes of illegal logging in Central and Eastern Europe

A study has been undertaken to investigate the extent to which poverty is a determinant (final cause) of illegal logging, and to identify valid short-term policy variables for the control of illegal logging in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The study identifies the main features of illegal logging and forest-related and rural-related conditions in the CEE region, and uses principal components analysis and cluster analysis to obtain a typology of the CEE region according to the above conditions. Regional differences within Lithuania and Romania are specifically examined. The analysis reveals that the occurrence of illegal logging is explained by poverty, but also by the reform on land ownership and by weak law enforcement. Implications of these results for policies to cope with the illegal logging phenomenon are discussed.     

用材林建设方向的探讨

营造松、杉为主的人工用村林,引起水土流失,林地生产力降低,防护功能差,易发生病虫害,且投资大。采用以近自然林为主的用村林经营方式,利用自然再生能力培育用村林,砍伐由皆伐转为择伐,保持林地覆盖的连续性,培育复层异龄林,其优点是,减少培育森林的开支,有利于森林生态系统的连续性和稳定性,实现永续利用的目的。     

木材储备基地及其多功能森林经营建设对策

木材战略储备基地作为林业产业发展的重大举措被列入我国“十二五”林业发展规划,以应对我国木材自产不足、外供不济的安全保障问题,但面临速生丰产林用地有限、社会对森林综合需求增加、生产成本上升、效益低下等因素制约。文中在分析木材储备的特征及其森林经营需求的基础上,提出以林分状态存在的活立木储备是低成本、环境友好型、有战略意义的木材储备,而且木材储备基地是一种以物质生产功能为主导的多功能用材林模式;在此基础上,进一步提出了通过建设有生命活力和结构稳定的用材林生态系统来实现有经济效益的木材战略储备基地的多功能森林可持续经营对策。     

笋竹两用毛竹丰产培育试验初报

为研究深翻垦复、施肥模式对笋竹两用毛竹笋材产量的影响,经过连续3a对毛竹不同培育模式进行试验,并对相应的笋材产量比较分析,结果表明：笋竹两用毛竹的培育模式,应深翻垦复与施肥相结合,且施肥须长效肥与速效肥相结合,在6月毛竹行鞭时施长效肥,9~10月孕笋时施速效肥,这种培育模式最有利于毛竹笋材产量水平的提高。     

对森林采伐限额编制的认识与思考

论述了我国森林采伐限额制度的历史沿革与作用,分析了编制过程中涉及的若干问题,并提出了建议与对策。     

我国森林资源蓄积量及合理采伐量趋势研究

以第七次全国森林资源清查数据为基础,以《森林采伐作业规程》等规定为依据,采用森林收获调整数学模型等对全国18个主要优势树种(组)的龄组、面积结构进行了调整。根据调整结果,建立了森林资源合理采伐量、蓄积量与年度因子之间的关系。其中,Logistic生长模型对合理采伐量与年度因子回归精度较高,方程确定指数R2为0.985;Richard生长方程对蓄积量与年度因子回归精度较高,方程确定指数R2为0.985。调整结束后,全国森林资源蓄积稳定在300亿m3以上,合理采伐量稳定在7.5亿m3左右。     

短周期同龄用材幼龄林林木资产评估方法探讨

针对短周期同龄用材幼龄林林木的资产评估,在比较分析传统林木资产评估方法的基础上,提出一种新的评估方法——预期收益-重置成本法,并通过案例分析及评估验证,认为该方法能科学、客观地评估短周期同龄用材幼龄林林木资产,在生产实践中切实可行;对投入期较短、处于产前期和始产期的经济林林木资产评估也可参考使用预期收益-重置成本法。     

林木修枝研究进展

作为一种传统森林经营措施,人工修枝具有悠久历史。合理修枝不仅可调控林木生长,还可改善林木干形,控制病虫害,在无节材培育实践中发挥着重要作用。文中从修枝的理论基础、修枝技术以及修枝效应等方面评述了当前国内外修枝研究进展,并指出当前我国林木修枝工作的不足,对今后人工修枝研究进行了展望。     

森林案件涉案伐倒木材积惟一性的探讨

材积是盗伐、滥伐等森林案件定性和处罚的主要依据,要求具有惟一性。用马尾松、杉木和杨树的伐倒木资料,分别按不同的计算方法计算其材积,结果表明:在3种树种中,中央断面区分求积式(区分段段数为5以上)的材积都最接近实际材积,误差也都较小,可作为森林案件中涉及伐倒木材积的惟一认定结果。     

桉树用材林林木资产评估的方法及应用

本文根据桉树速生、短轮伐期的特点,结合用材林林木资产评估方法,按立地等级差异进行桉树林地的资产评估。充分考虑桉树调查小班的林龄及生长状况,按照经营成本、利息、利润及税收等因素对林木资源价值量及其分布结构进行核算评估。通过应用案例分析,用常规的评估方法对速生桉用材林进行评估不能合理地反映林木资产价值。针对幼龄林采用重置成本法评估其林木价值,在栽植时至评估基准日期间,林木因快速生长所产生的价值不能体现。而采用“现行市价法”进行评估,是对有蓄积的幼龄林林木资产价值评估的首选方法,可真实反映其林木价值,为桉树林地林权流转提供可靠的依据,在生产实践中切实可行。     

篌竹林经营技术研究进展

篌竹广泛分布于长江流域及以南我国各省(区),是重要的中小型笋材兼用竹种之一,其栽培及经营技术研发历来为业界关注。本研究收集了篌竹近40年国内外研究文献100余篇,系统分析了篌竹分布、生物生态学特性、苗木培育、人工造林、病虫害防治、幼林和成林抚育,以及材用林、笋用林和笋材兼用林经营关键技术,以期为篌竹林培育利用及林下经济发展提供科学依据。     

河北省国有林场森林采伐管理问题及对策研究

采用参与式调查法,对河北省几个典型国有林场的森林采伐管理存在的问题进行实地调研。通过对调查结果的分析发现,河北省国有林场森林采伐存在限额不足,采伐类型过多,采伐审批手续复杂,监督检查难以落实,指标分配不透明、下达时间晚等问题。本文对存在的问题进行分析,提出河北省国有林场要以森林经营方案控制采伐限额、取消消耗结构,简化采伐类型、引进林业专业人才,加强采伐管理和优化抚育采伐等方面改善森林采伐管理制度。