生鲜牛乳中三聚氰胺快速检测报告

[目的]为了快速、准确地检测出生鲜牛乳中是否含有三聚氰胺,以保证生鲜牛乳及其产品的卫生安全。[方法]采用酶联免疫法（SNAP法）检测生鲜牛乳中三聚氰胺的含量,对新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州辖区内的17个奶站的奶缸、运输车辆进行生鲜乳样品抽样检测,共抽样60份。f结果]对60份生鲜乳样品进行三聚氰胺含量检测,检测结果全部为阴性。[结论]对新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州辖区内的17个奶站的奶缸、运输车辆所抽取的60份生鲜牛乳进行了三聚氰胺含量检测,60份生鲜牛乳样品检测结果全部为阴性,检测样品60份,合格数60份,合格率为100％。     

生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶快速检测报告

[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,保证牛奶卫生安全。[方法]采用Snap法(酶联免疫法)检测生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,对新疆巴州辖区内17个奶站进行抽样检测。[结果]17份样品结果全部为阴性。[结论]对巴州辖区内17个奶站的生鲜牛乳进行了抽样检测β-内酰胺酶项目,17份样品结果全部为阴性,合格数17份,合格率为100%。     

新疆巴州地区生鲜牛乳中β﹣内酰胺酶残留状况调查

为了解巴州地区的生鲜牛乳中β﹣内酰胺酶（解抗剂）残留状况,保证生鲜牛奶卫生质量安全,2014年4月至10月,在巴州辖区内16个生鲜乳收购站、5个规模化奶牛养殖小区、8个机械化挤奶厅、12个生鲜乳运输车辆和库尔勒市城郊周边的29个散生鲜乳销售点的范围内抽取了54份生鲜乳混合样品,采用SNAP快速检测试剂盒进行检测。结果检测出β﹣内酰胺酶阳性的样品2份,样品阳性率为3.7%。这说明仍需要加强对奶牛饲料和投入品的监督管理。此外,经实际测试,SNAP检测试剂盒具有携带方便、检测快速的特点,适用于奶站、乳制品企业、畜产品安检等部门对大批量奶样的检测。     

生鲜牛乳中掺碱物快速检测报告

[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中掺碱物,保证牛奶卫生安全.[方法]采用食品检验GB/T5009.46-2003检测方法检测生鲜牛乳中掺碱物,对新疆巴州辖区内17个奶站进行了抽样检测.[结果]60份生鲜乳样品中结果58份为无掺碱或掺碱量为0,2份生鲜乳样品中的掺碱量为0.05％以上.[结论]对巴州辖区内17个奶站的生鲜牛乳进行了抽样检测掺碱物项目,60份生鲜牛乳样品结果58份为无掺碱或掺碱量为0,2份生鲜乳样品中的掺碱量为0.05％以上,合格率97％.     

免疫亲和层析净化高效液相色谱法检测生鲜牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1的应用研究

本文采用免疫亲和柱—荧光光度法快速测定生鲜牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1，此方法能够快速准确对黄曲霉毒素M1进行定量分析；且无需柱后衍生，也无需对生鲜乳进行预处理，更加简便快捷，可以满足少量和批量样品的检测需要。在2015年第一季度及第三季度对焦作市辖区内生鲜乳收购站进行随机抽样方式共抽取40份生鲜牛乳样品；用此方法对样品进行检测合格率100%。     

新疆巴州生鲜乳的质量安全检测

为保证生鲜乳质量安全,促进新疆奶业健康发展,巴州地区紧紧围绕生鲜乳生产、收购、运输三个关键环节,始终坚持检测和督导相结合,全面提高生鲜乳质量安全水平。据统计,我州奶牛数达到5.18万头,奶牛养殖户7520户,规模化奶牛场4家,鲜奶总产量7.2万吨。全州有各类奶站17个：乳品企业自建14个,养殖小区及农民专业合作社建设3个。生鲜乳运输车辆12辆,日处理鲜奶总能力达到275吨,实际日加工能力为98吨。学生饮用奶提供试点县2个,覆盖学校37所,学生人数为57595人。     

南阳市生鲜牛乳黄曲霉毒素M1污染调查

采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)对南阳市13个县市区的奶牛养殖场或合作社的生鲜牛乳黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)污染状况进行检测。结果表明:800份生鲜牛乳样品的检出率为45.63%,检出范围为0.03μg/kg~0.8μg/kg,超标率为4.13%;第一季度和第四季度的生鲜牛乳AFM1检出率分别为53%、58.5%,超标率分别为5%、6%,均显著高于第二季度和第三季度的检出率和超标率;800份生鲜牛乳样品中有63.5%的样品符合国际食品法典委员会等制定的0.05μg/kg限量标准,76.75%的生鲜牛乳能达到我国农业部制定的绿色食品和无公害食品的0.2μg/kg限量标准。     

利用荧光定量技术检测生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1

本试验利用荧光定量检测技术检测生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1,最低检出限为0.047μg/L;取空白生鲜乳样品按0.05μg/L、0.1μg/L黄曲霉毒素M_1标准品进行添加,回收率均在90.00%～110.00%之间。各添加浓度批内、批间变异系数均低于15%;用该黄曲霉毒素M_1荧光定量检测卡和仪器法分别对50份生鲜乳盲样进行测定,结果全部相符,提示该法简便快捷、检测结果可靠,可用于黄曲霉毒素M_1的快速检测。     

生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1检测技术研究进展

生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1是黄曲霉毒素B1的羟基化衍生物,对人体有致癌、致畸性、致突变的作用,可随着乳汁排出,引起生鲜乳安全问题。本文综述了生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1检测技术的研究进展。     

生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1检测方法研究

通过采用《GB5009.24-2016食品安全国家标准食品中黄曲霉毒素M族的测定》中高效液相色谱法来测定生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1的含量,在测定过程中使用免疫亲和柱法进行精确定性、定量,然后对生鲜乳及其加标的阳性样品中的黄曲霉毒素M1含量进行测定。结果显示,待测组分的标准系列工作溶液线性关系良好(R²=0.9995),加标回收率为95.00%~105.00%,相对标准偏差为0.50%~2.00%。结果表明,本方法结果准确、重复性好,可用于生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M1的检测。     

牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的来源和控制途径

黄曲霉毒素(AFs)是存在于食物或饲料中真菌的有毒代谢物,天然产生的AFs主要有AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2,而AFM1则是AFB1经动物体内转化而来,具有致癌性,可通过牛奶排出,引起牛奶的安全问题。本文综述了牛奶中AFM1的来源与转化,主要国家和组织对奶中AFM1的限量,奶中AFM1的检测方法和控制途径。     

Inhibition of aflatoxin M1 production by bovine hepatocytes after intervention with oltipraz

It is well known that cattle ingesting aflatoxin B1 contaminated feed commodities excrete aflatoxin M1 into their milk. As aflatoxin M1 originates from hepatic metabolism, measures to prevent aflatoxin M1 formation need to be directed to either the immobilization of aflatoxin B1 in the gastrointestinal tract or the modification of hepatic metabolism of aflatoxin B1. Here we studied the influence of oltipraz and a second dithiolthione, (1,2) dithiolo (4,3-c)-1,2-dithiole-3,6 dithione (DDD) on bovine hepatic aflatoxin B1 biotransformation. Oltipraz inhibited aflatoxin B1 metabolism as no aflatoxin M1 and no aflatoxin B1-dihydrodiol, the second metabolite found in bovine hepatocytes, was formed. DDD did not significantly inhibit aflatoxin B1 metabolism. It could be demonstrated that the inhibition of aflatoxin B1 metabolism was due to the inhibition of several cytochrome P450 enzyme activities by oltipraz. In contrast, DDD inhibited only ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity. These findings suggest a high efficacy of oltipraz in inhibiting aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk from dairy cows exposed to aflatoxin B1 contaminated feeds.     

牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1检测方法的研究进展

近年来由于国内外乳品安全问题层出不穷,作为乳品中广泛存在的一类剧毒物——黄曲霉毒素越发地引起了人们的关注。黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致癌性、致畸性及诱变性,已被证实可对人和动物的健康造成极大伤害,牛乳中以其代谢产物黄曲霉毒素M1最为常见。本文阐述了牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1的来源与危害,并重点介绍了对其检测方法的研究进展。     

The significance of mycotoxin assimilation for the contamination of milk and milk products

The two possible pathways contaminating milk and milk products with mycotoxins are either the secretory or post-secretory route. The latter is of only little importance due to cooling conditions in production and storage. A secretory contamination can only occur with such mycotoxins, which undergo no complete degradation through their passage into the milk. From the mycotoxins, present in cow's feed; virtually only aflatoxin B1 yields a milkborne metabolite, the aflatoxin M1. The carry over rate is low (2 +/- 1%), but can be enhanced by polyhalogenated biphenyls, also present in the forage. Under normal conditions, however, this enhancement will not be measurable due to low equimolar concentrations of both reactants. The aflatoxin M1 content in herd's bulk milk depends exclusively on the content of the precursor aflatoxin B1 in the ration of the cow and is with less than 10 ng/kg fairly low at present in the Federal Republic of Germany. A careful supervision of the imported feed ingredients for mixed feed, however, will ensure to keep those batches out of dairy cow feeding which exceed a certain level of aflatoxin. The legal threshold is 10 micrograms/kg, being even too high to ensure a milk containing less than 10 ng/kg under high energy feeding conditions. The discussed thresholds for aflatoxin M1 in milk are 50 and 10 ng/kg resp., the latter value is scheduled for milk used in infant nutrition. To keep this low concentration the intake of aflatoxin B1 must be less than 2 micrograms/kg of the daily ration.     

Effects of aflatoxin M1 intake at physiologic levels on newborn dairy calves

When aflatoxin-contaminated grain is consumed by dairy cows, aflatoxin M1 is excreted in the milk. Sixteen neonatal male Holstein calves were given milk which had been collected from cows given 5 to 6 mg of aflatoxin B1 each day. The calves were examined for possible detrimental effects of the mycotoxin at pseudophysiologic concentrations. Calves were allotted to 1 of 4 groups given different milk dietary aflatoxin M1 concentrations: group 1--given 0 microgram of aflatoxin M1/L (undetectable); group 2--given 0.5 microgram/L; group 3--given 1 microgram/L; and group 4--given 2 micrograms/L. Whole milk equal to 8% of body weight was fed daily and adjusted each week to maintain this ratio. Water and a 15% crude protein complete calf starter ration were offered ad libitum for the 6-week feeding study. Weekly blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Daily means for milk dry matter intake (in kg) and complete ration intake (in kg) for the calf groups were as follows: 0.46 and 0.36 for group 1; 0.46 and 0.25 for group 2; 0.42 and 0.18 for group 3; and 0.49 and 0.40 for group 4. Significant differences in complete ration and total dry matter intake were noted. The average daily gains (in kg) and gains in height at withers (in cm) were 0.39 and 4.1 for group 1; 0.36 and 4.0 for group 2; 0.29 and 5.7 for group 3; and 0.42 and 5.1 for group 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

奶牛养殖业中黄曲霉素污染和预防控制

奶牛摄入含有较高黄曲霉菌及毒素的饲料,奶牛代谢功能受到损害,抑制免疫机能,使得乳房炎增加,产奶量下降及奶牛体质下降。黄曲霉毒素B1在奶牛体内转换为黄曲霉毒素M1,并分布在牛奶中,人食用含有超标黄曲霉毒素Ml的牛奶后,能使人发生肝炎、肝癌[1]。作者从事奶牛科学养殖技术服务工作,为了预防和控制奶牛场黄曲霉毒素的危害,提供有关黄曲霉素危害、预防控制措施,有一定的利用性。     

不同制冷模式对生鲜乳温度、酸度、菌落总数的影响

目的 生鲜乳的冷却是牛奶安全生产的重要环节,比较不同制冷模式对生鲜乳品质的影响非常重要。方法 本项目对比了速冷和直冷两种生鲜乳制冷模式对生鲜乳冷却时间、温度、酸度、菌落总数的影响,以期为更好地利用和推广生鲜乳速冷技术提供参考。结果 速冷模式可以在1~3 min内将生鲜乳温度冷却至4 ℃,效率远高于常规直冷模式,综合经济效益显著;在奶罐温度保持上,在4 h内速冷模式下,生鲜乳温度（5.12 ℃）、酸度（13.47 ^OT）、菌落总数（1.58 CFU/mL）极显著优于直冷模式的温度（5.55 ℃）、酸度（12.92 ^OT）、菌落总数（4.06 CFU/mL）;对温度、酸度、菌落总数双变量相关分析结果表明,在直冷模式下,温度与酸度、菌落总数相关性不显著;在速冷模式下,温度与酸度呈显著的负相关性,与菌落总数无显著相关性。结论 采用速冷模式可有效降低菌落总数,减少微生物繁殖,保障生鲜乳的质量,综合效益显著,为传统牧场奶厅改造,保障优质乳生产提供了可行性方案。     

Distribution of orally administered aflatoxin B 1 in the tissues and organs of the goat (Capra)]

In the experiment the goat was administered an amount of 450 mg aflatoxin B1. The milk taken during the experiment was lyophilized and aflatoxins B1 and M1 were isolated. After the death of the goat some tissues, blood and bile of the experimental animal were analyzed to find out the aflatoxin content.