硒、维生素B_2复合对不同日龄蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋中硒、维生素B_2含量影响

试验在饲料中复合添加硒、维生素B2,以144、470、640日龄的产蛋鸡为试验动物,研究日粮中添加14.4 mg/kgVB2(80%)、0.4 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠对不同日龄蛋鸡的产蛋性能及鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2含量的影响。试验选取144、470、640三种日龄的海蓝灰蛋鸡各32只,设对照组、试验组两个处理;每个处理各4个重复,每个重复4只鸡。试验结果表明:①各日龄的蛋鸡试验组与对照组相比在各种生产性能,蛋重、产蛋率、日采食量等有增加趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);②同一日龄的蛋鸡试验组鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2含量高于对照组鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2含量,差异显著(P<0.05);③日粮中复合添加硒、维生素B2对不同日龄的蛋鸡鸡蛋中硒、维生素B2增加量无显著性差异,未见规律性变化。     

维生素B_2对蛋鸡产蛋性能和鸡蛋中维生素B_2含量影响

本研究将48只300日龄的蛋鸡随机分成3组,每组4个重复,分别在日粮中添加7.2、10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg的维生素B2(80%)。结果表明:添加10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg维生素B2组产蛋率有所下降,蛋重有增加趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05);日采食量无显著变化;添加10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg试验组比7.2mg/kg组显著提高了鸡蛋中维生素B2的含量(P0.05)。     

亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母硒和亚硒酸钠作为硒源对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质以及储存期内蛋品质的影响。选用27周龄600只产蛋高峰期海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复100只鸡。在日粮中分别添加0.2 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒(试验日粮实测硒含量分别为0.227、0.233 mg/kg),预试期1周,正试期8周,对鸡蛋28 d内的鸡蛋蛋品质进行跟踪检测。结果表明:酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能的影响不显著;与亚硒酸钠组相比,酵母硒组对28 d鸡蛋蛋品质无显著影响,但可显著提高56d鸡蛋的蛋白高度和哈氏单位(P<0.05);与添加亚硒酸钠相比,添加酵母硒减缓了储存期鸡蛋哈氏单位的降低,有利于延长鸡蛋货架期;酵母硒组蛋黄、蛋清中硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。由此可见,相较于亚硒酸钠,饲喂含酵母硒的日粮在延长鸡蛋货架期、提高蛋黄和蛋清中的硒沉积方面效果更好。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加富硒酵母对鸡蛋中硒含量及分布的影响

试验选用产蛋率约为80%的罗曼褐蛋鸡35只,随机分为7组,进行为期30d的饲养试验。A组为对照组,饲以基础日粮,其余6组为试验组,B、C、D组在基础蛋鸡日粮中分别添加0.2mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠,E、F、G组在基础蛋鸡日粮中分别添加0.2mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg硒的富硒酵母。试验过程中记录蛋鸡的生产性能,每隔7d从各试验组鸡所产的鸡蛋中任取3枚,测定鸡蛋中硒的含量,并于试验的第14、15天,28、29天从A、C、F组每组各取5枚鸡蛋分别测定蛋黄和蛋清的硒含量。结果显示,日粮中添加硒对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响,能极显著提高鸡蛋中硒含量,并且硒主要存在蛋黄中,添加富硒酵母组蛋硒含量较亚硒酸钠组提高更为显著。     

不同硒源对蛋鸡生产性能和硒沉积的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同硒源及不同水平对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋中硒沉积量的影响。试验选择产蛋率一致的海兰褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共设计5种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮(不添加硒),处理组分别在基础日粮中添加2个水平的无机硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒,亚硒酸钠)以及2个水平的酵母硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒),试验共进行16周。结果发现,无论日粮添加酵母硒还是无机硒,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡生产性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。从第9周到试验结束,0.4mg/kg无机硒和0.8mg/kg酵母硒组较对照组和0.8mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。试验第9周开始,对照组、0.8mg/kg无机硒组和0.4mg/kg酵母硒组产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮无机硒或酵母硒添加水平的升高,鸡蛋中硒的沉积量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。从第4周开始到试验结束,无机硒或酵母硒组较对照组均显著提高了鸡蛋中硒含量(P<0.05)。在同一硒添加水平及同一时间下,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒含量(P<0.05),随着试验时间的增加,对照组鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,日粮硒的来源和添加水平直接影响鸡蛋硒沉积量,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒沉积量。日粮中酵母硒的添加量可以达到0.8mg/kg,对蛋鸡生产性能无负面影响。     

低聚木糖与硒对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇与硒含量的影响

本试验旨在研究在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒与低聚木糖及其互作对鸡蛋硒与胆固醇含量、蛋鸡脂质代谢、生产性能的影响。选择1 080只300日龄体质健康的蛋鸡,分为6个试验组,每个试验组4个重复,每个重复45只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮添加0.01%低聚木糖,试验2组在基础日粮添加0.015%低聚木糖,试验3组在基础日粮中添加0.09 mg亚硒酸钠/kg饲料、试验4组在基础日粮中添加120 mg酵母硒/kg饲料,试验5组在基础日粮中同时添加0.01%低聚木糖、120 mg酵母硒/kg饲料。预饲1周,试验从44周龄持续到48周龄,为期5周(35 d)。结果显示,鸡蛋中的硒含量提高了,蛋黄中胆固醇含量降低了,酵母硒提高了产蛋率并降低了料蛋比。低聚木糖降低了蛋黄及血清中的胆固醇含量。同时添加120 mg酵母硒/kg、0.01%低聚木糖的饲料显著提高了产蛋率,降低了料蛋比,提高了血清中高密度胆固醇含量和鸡蛋中的硒含量,并降低了血清及蛋黄中的胆固醇含量,同时在产蛋率、料蛋比方面有正相关的作用,在提高鸡蛋硒含量及降低蛋黄胆固醇方面有微弱正相关的作用。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在比较酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响,以确定能够替代亚硒酸钠的酵母硒适宜使用量。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠以及0.10、0.20和0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒(试验饲粮中实测硒含量分别为0.176、0.342、0.278、0.302、0.359 mg/kg)。预试期14 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和蛋品质与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)亚硒酸钠组和酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),并随酵母硒添加量的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于亚硒酸钠,蛋鸡对酵母硒吸收和向鸡蛋中的转移效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且蛋硒含量随着酵母硒添加量的增加而增加;饲粮中添加0.10~0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响。     

酵母硒和苜草素联用对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质、抗氧化能力和胆固醇代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平酵母硒和苜草素联用对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质、抗氧化能力和胆固醇代谢的影响。试验选取756只69周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.2 mg/kg酵母硒+500 mg/kg苜草素、0.2 mg/kg酵母硒+1 000 mg/kg苜草素、0.6 mg/kg酵母硒+500 mg/kg苜草素、0.6 mg/kg酵母硒+1 000 mg/kg苜草素、1.0 mg/kg酵母硒+500 mg/kg苜草素和1.0 mg/kg酵母硒+1 000 mg/kg苜草素。试验预试期2周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加酵母硒和苜草素可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P0.05),显著降低料蛋比(P0.05),有提高鸡蛋蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位的趋势。2)饲粮添加酵母硒和苜草素极显著提高蛋鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶活性、肝脏GSH-Px活性以及肝脏GSH-Px1、硫氧还蛋白还原酶1 mRNA表达量(P0.01);极显著降低蛋鸡肝脏甘油三酯含量和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶mRNA表达量(P0.01),极显著提高肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶和固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c mRNA表达量(P0.01);极显著提高蛋黄硒含量(P0.01)。3)添加0.6 mg/kg酵母硒+1 000 mg/kg苜草素可极显著提高蛋鸡血浆总抗氧化能力(P0.01),极显著降低蛋鸡血浆丙二醛含量(P0.01),极显著降低蛋黄胆固醇和甘油三酯含量以及肝脏胆固醇含量(P0.01)。综上,饲粮中添加酵母硒和苜草素可提高产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力及胆固醇代谢功能,以0.6 mg/kg酵母硒+1 000 mg/kg苜草素组合效果最佳。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加富硒酵母对鸡蛋中硒含量及分布的影响

试验选用产蛋率约为80%的罗曼褐蛋鸡35只,随机分为7组,进行为期30 d的饲养试验。A组为对照组,饲以基础日粮,其余6组为试验组,B、C、D组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2 mg/kg、0.5 mg/kg、1.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠;E、F、G组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2 mg/kg、0.5 mg/kg、1.0 mg/kg的富硒酵母,研究其对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋中硒富集的影响。结果显示:日粮中添加硒对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响,能极显著提高鸡蛋中硒含量,并且硒主要存在蛋黄中。添加富硒酵母组硒含量较亚硒酸钠组提高更为显著。     

硒对蛋鸡生产性能与鸡蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在研究在蛋鸡日粮中添加无机硒与酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。选择300日龄体质健康的京红1号蛋鸡540羽,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复45羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2组分别在基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠0．09mg／kg饲料、酵母硒120mg／kg饲料。预饲1周,试验从44周龄持续到48周龄,为期35d。结果显示,酵母硒极显著提高产蛋率和降低料蛋比,极显著提高了鸡蛋中的硒含量。     

Dietary selenium increases vitamin E contents of egg yolk and chicken meat

1. The influence of different forms of dietary selenium (Se) on vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and Se contents of egg yolk and chicken meat was investigated. 2. Eggs were collected from laying hens subjected to 4 different dietary treatments after 24 weeks of age. Treatments compared the effects of inorganic Se supplementation (selenite) to those of organic (Se-enriched yeast, Se-enriched alga Chlorella) supplements. In a second experiment the effect of the above organic dietary Se supplementation on the alpha-tocopherol contents of meat from broiler chickens was evaluated. 3. Dietary Se supplementation increased the alpha-tocopherol content of egg yolks from 297 mg/kg dry matter in treatment without supplementation to 311 mg/kg when selenium was supplemented as selenite, and to 370-375 mg/kg when organic supplements were used. The Se and alpha-tocopherol contents of breast and thigh meat in broilers were significantly increased by organic dietary Se supplementation. 4. The inclusion of organic dietary Se sources in the diets of laying hens and broilers would enhance the nutritional value (vitamin E and Se contents) of products (eggs and meat) for human consumption.     

Blood and milk status of vitamin E,vitamin A,and selenium in nursing Awassi ewes injected with vitamin E and selenium

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) injections on concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and Se in blood and milk to predict when injections may improve ewes’ performance. Awassi ewes received 0 (control, 13 ewes) or 15 plus 0.05?mg/kg BW of vitamin E and Se (injected, 15 ewes) at 1 and 4 weeks postpartum. Blood and milk samples were collected weekly for 6 weeks. Injections increased vitamin E, decreased Se, and had no effects on vitamin A levels in blood. Blood vitamin E was correlated positively with vitamin A. Injections increased vitamin E, but had no effects on vitamin A or Se levels in milk. Milk vitamin A was positively correlated with vitamin E and Se levels in the control group. Milk vitamins E and A were positively correlated with their corresponding levels in blood. Milk somatic cell count was negatively correlated with blood vitamin A levels.     

富硒日粮对鸡蛋品质及硒沉积的影响

试验选用45周龄龙华草鸡型蛋鸡288只,随机分为2组:对照组和富硒组;每组为144只。试验组在对照组的基础上添加富硒蛋白粉1.00 mg/kg(以硒计),试验期30 d。结果表明:高硒日粮对试鸡的产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋重等产蛋性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和蛋品新鲜度等蛋品质指标也无显著影响(P>0.05);但可使蛋中硒含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加醇母硒对鸡蛋中硒含量的影响

选用90只Hy-Line W-98母鸡(26周龄)进行为期8周的试验,研究来源于酵母硒的有机硒做为产蛋鸡硒来源的作用效果.试验结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒可以有效提高鸡蛋中的硒含量.     

Dose response effects of long-acting injectable vitamin B12 plus selenium (Se) on the vitamin B12 and Se status of ewes and their lambs

AIM: To determine the effect of increasing doses of long-acting injectable vitamin B12 plus selenium (Se) given pre-mating on the vitamin B12 and Se status of ewes and their lambs from birth to weaning. METHODS: Four groups of 24 Poll Dorset ewes each were injected 4 weeks pre-mating with different doses of a long-acting vitamin B12 + Se product, containing 3 mg vitamin B12 and 12 mg Se per ml. The treatment groups received 5 ml (15 mg vitamin B12 + 60 mg Se), 4 ml (12 mg vitamin B12 + 48 mg Se), 3 ml (9 mg vitamin B12 + 36 mg Se), or no vitamin B12 or Se (control). Twelve of the twin-bearing ewes per group were selected for the study. Efficacy of the product was evaluated from changes in the concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum and liver, and of Se in blood, liver and milk in the ewes during gestation and lactation, and in their lambs from birth to weaning. Pasture samples in paddocks grazed by the ewes and lambs were collected at about 2-monthly intervals from 200-m transects. RESULTS: The flock was Se-deficient, as the mean initial concentration of Se in the blood of ewes was 182 (SE 20.3) nmol/L. Compared with untreated controls, all doses significantly (p < 0.01) increased concentrations of Se in the blood of ewes for at least 300 days. Selenium concentrations in milk were likewise increased throughout lactation, as were those in the blood and liver of lambs. The mean concentration of vitamin B12 in the serum of ewes was initially > 1,000 pmol/L, but this decreased within 28 days to < 460 pmol/L. Treatment with the 5-ml and 4-ml doses raised serum vitamin B12 concentrations of ewes for at least 176 days (p < 0.01), while their lambs had significantly greater concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum and liver for less than 37 days after birth. Tissue concentrations and duration of elevation of both vitamin B12 and Se were proportional to the dose administered. The mean concentrations of Se and cobalt (Co) in the pastures were 32 and 74 microg/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Injecting ewes from a Se-deficient flock 4 weeks prior to mating with 48 or 60 mg Se and 12 or 15 mg vitamin B12 increased and maintained the Se status of ewes for at least 300 days, and of their lambs from birth to weaning. The vitamin B12 status of ewes was increased for at least 176 days and that of their lambs for less than 37 days. Due to the proportional nature of the response to increasing dosage, the dose rate of the formulation tested can be adjusted according to the severity of Se and Co deficiency in a flock. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A single subcutaneous injection of vitamin B12 + Se administered pre-mating to Se-deficient flocks is likely to prevent Se deficiency in ewes and their lambs until weaning, as well as increase the vitamin B12 status of ewes and their lambs until 5 weeks after lambing.     

Effects of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on selenium distribution and meat quality of pigs

Abstract

The study was conducted on 60 pigs kept in individual pens. The animals were allocated to four groups. The growing-finishing pigs from the control group were fed with basic feed containing 0.3 mg selenium (Se) derived from Na₂SeO₃ kg^?1 and 60 mg of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate kg^?1. The remaining three groups were differentiated by adding 0.2 mg kg^?1 Se-enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and/or 60 mg vitamin E to feed (grower and finisher). Our results show that the addition of organic Se to inorganic Se commonly used in pig feed caused a significant increase in hepatic Se and muscle. This indicates the possibility of using these products as functional foods to improve Se status in humans residing within regions which are deficient in this trace element. We found no beneficial effect of supplementation with vitamin E and Se on the quality of the meat.     

Incorporation of selenium into egg proteins from dietary selenite

1. The deposition of selenium in egg components has been investigated in two experiments in which sodium selenite was added to a conventional cereal‐based layer diet.

2. Addition of graded amounts of selenite up to 4 mg Se/kg resulted in linear increases in the selenium content of egg white and yolk, and in protein fractions derived from them. The presence of selenium in yolk phosvitin indicates that deposition is not dependent upon the presence of cysteine.

3. Addition of sodium nitroprusside at 0–15 and 0–3 g/kg to diets having an addition of selenite at the highest concentration, 4 mg Se/kg, resulted in substantial reductions in the selenium concentration in egg components.

4. Samples from eggs laid by hens receiving a diet containing an additional 8 mg selenite Se/kg were subjected to dialysis against sodium hydroxide or cysteine, or subjected to reduction with hydrochloric acid and zinc under anaerobic conditions. Comparisons were made with similar samples prepared from eggs laid by hens on the control diet.

5. Both sodium hydroxide and cysteine were more effective at extracting additional diet‐derived selenium from whole white than from whole yolk. The proportion of selenium that could be extracted from the water‐soluble or the high density fractions of yolk by either reagent was similar for both control and high selenium samples. However, neither reagent was effective at removing selenium from the ovalbumin or globin fractions of white from control eggs but substantial amounts were extracted from high selenium samples.

6. Most of the selenium was present in non‐reducible forms in all samples. There was significantly more reducible selenium in ovalbumin from control eggs than from all other samples but even so non‐reducible selenium accounted for two thirds of the selenium present.

7. The differential responses to chemical treatment suggest that selenium can be deposited in eggs in an unspecified number of different forms. These have still to be characterised but site of formation of egg proteins, liver or oviduct, has a bearing on the forms of selenium deposited.