营林措施控制城市公园松突圆蚧危害

通过对发生区内松林进行间伐、修枝等营林措施将松林的郁闭度调整至0.5左右。试区试验结果松突圆蚧的虫口密度从采用营林措施前的2.61头/束下降至0.63头/束,虫口密度下降75.86%,在城市公园规划设计上还应考虑位于不同的坡向营造不同的树种,以防止松突圆蚧的发生和危害。       

调整松林密度控制清源山松突圆蚧危害的试验

通过对发生区内松林进行间伐、修枝等营林措施将郁闭度调整至0 5左右,松林中松突圆蚧的虫口密度从调整松林密度前的每束2 61头下降至0 63头,虫口密度下降75 86%,表明调整松林密度能有效地控制松突圆蚧对松林的危害;同时发现,阳坡上松林的虫口密度较阴坡上松林的虫口密度大,从阳坡向阴坡逐步过渡,松突圆蚧的虫口密度也随之下降,表明松突圆蚧的虫口密度与坡向有关,在景区绿化规划设计上应针对不同的坡向营造不同的树种,以防止松突圆蚧的发生和危害。     

湿地松抗低温雨雪冰冻灾害能力的探析

通过观察湿地松在低温雨雪冰冻灾害过程中的受损状况,在此基础上,对湿地松品种特性、树龄树径的大小、山场海拔高度、坡度、栽植密度和人工采脂作业等方面因素进行综合分析,探讨影响湿地松在低温雨雪冰冻灾害条件下的生存因素,提出相应改进措施.     

不同程度马尾松毛虫危害对松林植被群落的影响

采用样点调查法对不同程度马尾松毛虫危害松林的植被群落进行了调查。结果表明:不同程度马尾松毛虫危害对松林林分密度的影响不显著,但对松树生长量有着不同程度的影响,中、重度危害可降低松树的高度和胸径(重度危害三年后高度、胸径分别下降0.34 m和1.8 cm),轻度危害则可促进松林的生长;马尾松毛虫危害可适度改变松林的郁闭度和地表植被的盖度(中、重度危害后三年盖度分别上升15%和20%),对林下植被的恢复与生长有一定的促进作用;松林植被物种多样性分析表明,中、重度马尾松毛虫危害可有效增加林地植被物种的多样性,轻度危害则对林地植被物种多样性影响不大。     

泰顺县松类纯林改造技术研究

通过套种造林、封山育林、抚育改造等措施,将马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林,以改变树种结构单一、地力日益衰退、病虫害逐年严重、林地灌木杂草丛生、火灾频繁发生、林分产量低下等状况。结果表明：在松林下套种阔叶树,可不同程度增加单位面积阔叶树数量,形成明显的层次结构,能充分利用林地中的营养空间,马尾松和阀叶树在各自不同层次生长范围...     

密云水库集水区荆条灌丛年龄结构研究

以潮关西沟林场封禁25年后的荆条灌丛为研究对象,选择沟谷、阳坡、半阳坡和半阴坡4个生境条件,分析了荆条种群的年龄结构,编制了静态生命表,绘制了存活曲线。研究结果表明,不同生境自然恢复的荆条种群年龄结构均属于进展型,幼龄个体多,老龄个体少,其中以阳坡种群密度最大,不同生境荆条种群的存活曲线均接近DeeveyⅡ型,荆条种群恢复状况良好。     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

日本松干蚧口针及其危害枝条切片观察

日本松干蚧(Matsucoccus matsumurae Kuwana)发生数十年以来,各地均进行了研究和防治,取得了成果和效益。而研究日本松干蚧口针和吸食部位以及损害松树的原因尚未见有报导。笔者自1985年起开展这一研究,现将初步结果整理如下。     

光热和水分条件对石灰岩山地侧柏人工林更新的影响

侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)是我国荒山造林、水土保持和涵养水源的重要常绿树种之一。它适应环境的能力强,栽培范围广,常被栽植于我国的石灰岩山地上。耐干旱瘠薄是公认的侧柏生态学特性之一,但是,侧柏幼苗和幼树的更新和生长受山地环境影响较大。通过热红外成像法移动观测山体光热能量的分配特征,利用SketchUP软件三维阴影分析的功能进行林窗日照和遮阴分布的计算机模拟,以及在山东省侧柏主要栽培区对山地林窗幼苗进行实地调查研究,结果表明:侧柏苗适合栽培在湿润而光照充足的立地上。山地阴坡和阳坡、山谷和山脊的光照和湿度的差异导致侧柏幼苗更新的变化,以至于一边因密度过大而出现严重的种内竞争,另一边因幼苗更新不畅而常出现林窗和空地。因此,需要通过适度的人工抚育和管理来解决该问题,以便在我国北方地区建立起稳定和完善的侧柏森林生态系统。     

樟子松容器苗抗旱造林技术研究

樟子松针叶短小、根系深长,耐旱、耐寒、抗风性强,是北方营造防风固沙林、水源涵养林的重要树种。针对北方干旱瘠薄阳坡、沙地裸根苗造林成活率低,多次造林不成功的现状,木兰林管局结合生产,开展了樟子松容器苗造林技术研究。用山皮土配制营养土,选择2 a以上合格苗培育容器苗上山造林较常规裸根苗造林方法大幅度提高了造林成活率和保存率,缩短了缓苗期,促进了幼树生长,保证了一次造林,一次成林,是一项成功的抗旱造林技术措施。     

萧氏松茎象防治指标的研究

通过对江西萧氏松茎象发生林区420株湿地松的调查和分析得出,萧氏松茎象防治指标(CT)为1.2头/株或65%的有虫株率。     

THE NATURAL REGENERATION PATTERN AND PROCESS OF KOREAN PINE POPULATION UNDER NATURAL POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST IN XIAOXING''''AN MOUNTAINS

Broad-lcafKorcanpi11cforcstbccol11csPoplar-bircl1forcstaftcrburntandfcllcdinbigarcas.Ca11tl1iskindofPopIar-bircl1forcstrccot'crtoclin1axco1nl11unity-trirginbroadlcafKorcanpincforcst9Whatistl1erclationsl1ipbctt`.ccnPoplar-birchforcstandKorcanpil1cforcst?Ho`"docsKorcanpincPOpu1ationrc-gencratcundcrnaturaIPoplar-birchforcst?AllthescprobICInsl1a\'caIrcad}'attractcdforcstcrsattcntionforaIOI1gtil11c.Tllccarh'studicsshox'cd:itt'asinct-ita-blcthatbirchforcstcouldfonnonbun1ingsitesx"ithil1t'irg…     

浙北地区薪炭林高产栽培研究

浙北地区薪炭林高产栽培研究＊葛万川周健关键词薪炭林栽培体系浙北地区富阳市位于浙江省北部，地貌属浙江西北部低山丘陵区，气候上属我国中亚热带北缘。它在长江下游，中、北亚热带丘陵山地中具有一定的代表性。薪柴是富阳市的主要能源，１９８５年全市耗柴３８万ｔ，占...     

Susceptibility of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa (Dougl. ex Laws.), to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins,attack in uneven-aged stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming USA

Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins can cause extensive tree mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Most studies that have examined stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle have been conducted in even-aged stands. Land managers increasingly practice uneven-aged management. We established 84 clusters of four plots, one where bark beetle-caused mortality was present and three uninfested plots. For all plot trees we recorded species, tree diameter, and crown position and for ponderosa pine whether they were killed or infested by mountain pine beetle. Elevation, slope, and aspect were also recorded. We used classification trees to model the likelihood of bark beetle attack based on plot and site variables. The probability of individual tree attack within the infested plots was estimated using logistic regression. Basal area of ponderosa pine in trees ≥25.4 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and ponderosa pine stand density index were correlated with mountain pine beetle attack. Regression trees and linear regression indicated that the amount of observed tree mortality was associated with initial ponderosa pine basal area and ponderosa pine stand density index. Infested stands had higher total and ponderosa pine basal area, total and ponderosa pine stand density index, and ponderosa pine basal area in trees ≥25.4 cm dbh. The probability of individual tree attack within infested plots was positively correlated with tree diameter with ponderosa pine stand density index modifying the relationship. A tree of a given size was more likely to be attacked in a denser stand. We conclude that stands with higher ponderosa pine basal area in trees >25.4 cm and ponderosa pine stand density index are correlated with an increased likelihood of mountain pine beetle bark beetle attack. Information form this study will help forest managers in the identification of uneven-aged stands with a higher likelihood of bark beetle attack and expected levels of tree mortality.     

闽北山地坡相对湿地松人工林木材化学成分的影响

应用坡相四个因子在两个水平下的正交试验设计方法,系统分析了19年生湿地松人工林木材化学成分的变化规律,结果表明:影响湿地松人工林木材化学成分的最重要坡相因子是坡形,其次是坡位,再者是坡向,小于45°的坡度的影响可忽略不计。湿地松人工林木材作为纸浆原料和人造板原料,阴坡好于阳坡,凸坡好于凹坡,上坡好于下坡。     

浑善达克沙地东南缘立地条件对樟子松人工林生长影响研究

以浑善达克沙地东南缘樟子松人工林为对象,研究了不同立地条件下(平坡地(0～5°)、阳陡坡底(26～35°)、阳陡坡中、坡顶、阴陡坡中、阴陡坡底)樟子松人工林生长状况的变化,为区域人工林抚育和经营提供依据.结果表明:①阳陡坡底樟子松平均株高、胸径、冠幅最大,分别为2.14 m、25.05 mm、108.65 cm;②各立...     

绍兴市日本松干蚧虫情调查分析

日本松干蚧在初始发生的5a内危害严重，7—8a以后逐渐消退。影响虫口密度变化的因子较多，其中坡度影响较大，阴坡虫口密度是阳坡的3倍，10～25年生马尾松上的虫口密度高于老龄松树，纯林高于针阔混交林，此外，还与温湿度有密切关系。采取化学防治和先进的营林措施能明显降低虫口密度，日本松干蚧的防治需根据危害情况，分类施策，综合治理。     

Age structure of Tilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical…     

油松毛虫种群数量与林地类型相关性的研究

影响油松毛虫种群数量的主导因子有5个,即:山形、坡度、坡向、土壤质地和山的开阔度。根据油松林分立地类型不同,松毛虫发生量也不同的情况,划分出3种立地类型及其相对应的松毛虫发生量林分,采取相应的对策控制松毛虫危害。     

黄山风景区松材线虫病危险性评估 Ⅰ.松蛀虫种类、种群分布及动态监测

报道了黄山风景区松蛀虫种类、主要松蛀虫成虫活动期、种间种群数量比率和种内种群数量垂直分布比率 ,2 0 0 1年 5种松蛀虫成虫种群数量变动规律、不同监测期松墨天牛雌成虫孕卵量及比率。研究结果表明 ,黄山风景区繁衍着 14种松蛀虫 ,主要松蛀虫有 5种 :马尾松角胫象、松墨天牛、短角幽天牛、褐幽天牛、松树皮象。其种群数量比率分别为 6 1.6 %、2 7.0 %、5 .5 %、3.8%和 2 .2 %。松墨天牛成虫最高分布区为海拔 16 5 8m的天海景点 ,海拔 318m的白亭景点种群数量分布比率最高 ,达80 .9% ,诱获的松墨天牛雌成虫平均孕卵量为 2 5 .3粒