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1.
Age and growth were determined for threeline grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum based on otolith readings of 1043 specimens collected along the south-western coast of Kii Peninsula, Japan. Observations
of the otolith margin, together with comparisons of ring mark counts with age in artificially reared specimens, verified that
such marks were produced once a year. The formation period corresponded approximately to the main spawning season (May–June).
Both surface and cross-section methods were used for age determination; the surface method often resulted in underestimations
of age for fish older than 2 years. Discrepancies between the two methods became greater with fish growth. The von Bertalanffy
growth curve, based on ages inferred from the cross-section method, was FL
t=331×{1−exp[−0.283×(t+1.45)]}. No substantial difference was detected between male and female growth parameters. The oldest maximum ages inferred
from the cross-section method were 15 and 21 years for females and males, respectively. It seems likely that P. trilineatum grows more slowly and lives longer than previously thought, and the difference is attributed primarily to differences in
aging methods used in the present and previous studies. 相似文献
2.
Takeshi Sakai Michio Yoneda Tetsuro Shiraishi Muneharu Tokimura Hiroshi Horikawa Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):895-902
We studied the age and growth of the lizardfish Saurida elongata using ground thin sections of otoliths (sagittae) from specimens collected in the Tsushima/Korea Strait between May 1999
and June 2001. A total of 695 individuals with fork lengths (FL) ranging from 189 to 478 mm were examined. The frequency of
translucent zone occurrence at the outer margin of the otoliths indicated that translucent zones formed once a year between
November and February. Most of the males examined were estimated to be 2–7 years old and the females, 3–9 years old. The maximum
estimated age of a male specimen was 10 years and that of a female, 11 years. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth curves
were FL
t
= 451{1 − exp[−0.172(t + 2.50)]} and FL
t
= 515{1 − exp[−0.151(t + 2.47)]} for males and females, respectively. At all ages, the FL at a specific age for females was greater than that for
males, suggesting that females of this species grow faster than males. 相似文献
3.
The age and growth of two Nematalosa species around Okinawa Island were examined using sectioned otoliths collected from September 2003 to April 2006. Monthly
changes in the frequency of the appearance of a translucent band on the outer margin of the otoliths indicated that ring formation
occurred once a year from January to July for Nematalosa come and from January to March for Nematalosa japonica. The von Bertalanffy growth equations for both species were as follows: N. come: L
t
= 365.5{1 − exp[−0.111 × (t + 0.288)]} for females and L
t
= 214.7{1 − exp[−0.700 × (t – 1.110)]} for males; N. japonica: L
t
= 205.1{1 − exp[−1.068 × (t − 1.180)]} for females and L
t
= 195.5 {1 − exp[−1.293 × (t − 1.269)]} for males. The maximum ages observed for N. come and N. japonica were 11 and 6 years old, respectively. The growth of these species was characterized by the slow growth of N. come over many years, resulting in a larger size than N. japonica. 相似文献
4.
A total of 518 Gerres sp. were collected around Okinawa Island, Japan, from November 2002 to July 2005, with monthly sampling where the standard
length of females (n=218) were 56.2–147.1 mm, and males (n=149) were 62.2–139.4 mm. The maximum ages observed for females were 5+ years and males were 4+ years, estimated by transverse sectioned sagittal otoliths. Mean marginal increment indicated that opaque rings were formed
once a year during April to July. The standard length (SL; mm) — body wet weight (BW; g) relationships were described as BW=(3.26×10−5) SL2.97 and BW=(3.13×10−5) SL
2.98 for females and males, respectively, and the standard length at age described by von Bertalanffy growth function for females,
L
t=137.1(1−e−0.80[t+0.80]) and males, L
t=127.3(1−e−0.82[t+0.93]). 相似文献
5.
The growth of age-1 Pacific saury Cololabis saira was compared based on an analysis of the body-length frequency distributions, radius of the annual ring (otolith hyaline
zones; ROH), and growth patterns in otolith increments. Fish were sampled at various locations between off the Japanese coast
(144°E) and in the Central Pacific (160°W) in June and July 2006, and the measurements were compared among the stations ranging
over six longitudinal areas, each with a longitudinal area of 10°. The mode of body-length frequency distributions of age-1
fish was larger in fish sampled west of 160°E (size class modes of 32.0–32.5 and 31.5–32.0 cm, respectively, in each 10° longitude
area) than in those sampled east of 170°E (28.5–29.0 or 29.0–29.5 cm in 3 areas). The ROH was also larger in the former group
(west of 160°E) than in the latter group (east of 170°E), but hatch periods of these two groups and age in days when the hyaline
zones form in August or September did not differ based on the analysis of otolith growth increments. The growth difference
occurred in the period between when the fish started their northward migration and when the hyaline zone was formed. These
results indicate that the habitats of the two groups were separate until at least June or July of their second year of life. 相似文献
6.
Hongxia Liu Meiqin Yi Xueyan Shi Pei Liang Xiwu Gao 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(1):29-34
The substrate specificity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in adult Carassius auratus fish and its sensitivity to carbamate insecticides were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the order of four
substrates hydrolyzed by brain AChE in C. auratus was acetylthiocholine iodide > β-methylthiocholine iodide > propionylthiocholine iodide > butyrylthiocholine iodide, and
the maximum velocity (V
max) of AChE hydrolyzing acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh) was the highest among the four substrates, and the V
max values were 0.067 and 0.082 mmol min−1 mg−1 for male and female fish respectively. But their Michaelis–Menten constants (K
m) were the lowest, only 0.071 and 0.072 mmol/l respectively. Compared with other carbamate insecticides, the sensitivity of
brain AChE to carbofuran was the highest and the IC50 values were 1.04 × 10−6 mol/l for females and 1.17 × 10−6 mol/l for males. The inhibitory tendencies of eserine, methomyl, and aldicarb to brain AChE were very similar, and the percentage
inhibition increased with time at the concentration of 1 × 10−6 mol/l. The order of inhibition potential of the three inhibitors from the highest to the lowest was eserine, aldicarb, and
methomyl. 相似文献
7.
Kyoko Suzuki Tomoyasu Yoshitomi Yoichi Kawaguchi Masaki Ichimura Kaneaki Edo Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(3):313-320
Sakhalin taimen Hucho perryi populations have decreased drastically to near extinction. It is urgent to establish an effective conservation strategy based
on an understanding of the characteristics of migration and habitat use of this species. We examined the migration history
of anadromous Sakhalin taimen captured off the Sarufutsu coast, northern Hokkaido, Japan, using otolith Sr:Ca ratios and also
examined the relationship between their otolith Sr:Ca ratios during freshwater and seawater residence in a rearing experiment.
Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of some fish from the Sarufutsu coast showed freshwater levels (0.5–4.0 × 10−3) near the core, which thereafter increased to brackish water levels (4.0–6.0 × 10−3), and then to seawater levels (6.0–10.0 × 10−3) in the outermost regions. Those findings indicate that specimens from the Sarufutsu coast migrated to the brackish water
region or the sea and spent most of their lives there. The anadromous migration pattern including the timing of downstream
migration seems to be flexible among individuals in the species. They migrate between freshwater and seawater or brackish
water several times during their lives, showing extensive habitat use. It is essential to secure the continuity among the
freshwater, brackish water, and seawater areas for their effective conservation. 相似文献
8.
Weng WY Wu T Chen WQ Liu GM Osatomi K Su WJ Cao MJ 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(3):543-552
Three pepsinogens (PG1, PG2, and PG3) were highly purified from the stomach of freshwater fish rice field eel (Monopterus
albus Zuiew) by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200 HR. The molecular masses
of the three purified PGs were all estimated as 36 kDa using SDS–PAGE. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) showed
that pI values of the three PGs were 5.1, 4.8, and 4.6, respectively. All the PGs converted into corresponding pepsins quickly at
pH 2.0, and their activities could be specifically inhibited by aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A. Optimum pH and
temperature of the enzymes for hydrolyzing hemoglobin were 3.0–3.5 and 40–45°C. The K
m values of them were 1.2 × 10−4 M, 8.7 × 10−5 M, and 6.9 × 10−5 M, respectively. The turnover numbers (k
cat) of them were 23.2, 24.0, and 42.6 s−1. Purified pepsins were effective in the degradation of fish muscular proteins, suggesting their digestive functions physiologically. 相似文献
9.
Tamaki Shimose Toshiyuki Tanabe Kuo-Shu Chen Chien-Chung Hsu 《Fisheries Research》2009,100(2):134-139
Age determination of wild captured Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, was conducted using sagittal otoliths of 806 specimens (47–260 cm in fork length) caught in the waters off Japan and Taiwan. Otoliths were transversely sectioned and the opaque and translucent zones were analyzed. Opaque zones mainly appeared on the otolith edge from April to July, indicating that the opaque zone is formed annually. The opaque zones formed during later life (age 10+) were more distinct than the earlier zones. The estimated ages of specimens ranged from 1 to 26 years. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated to be 249.6 cm, 0.173, and −0.254 years for L∞, k, and t0, respectively. Growth of younger fish was rapid up to 5 years old attaining about 150 cm, and then growth rate decreased. After that, fish attained about 200 cm at 9 years old and about 225 cm (90% of L∞) at 13 years old (50% of maximum age). This paper updates the biological information on length at age with a large size range to support stock assessment model analyses for this commercially valuable species. 相似文献
10.
Otolith microchemical analyses of the strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the eels Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla caught in Tokyo Bay were undertaken to reconstruct the eels’ migratory histories. A. japonica in the yellow stage (immature stage) were caught in a bay without any adjacent rivers or streams. A. anguilla was in the silver stage (early maturing stage), and the eel was confirmed to have just begun spawning migration to the open
ocean from Tokyo Bay based on the otolith Sr:Ca ratios, which showed a typical catadromous life history with low Sr:Ca ratio
values throughout the eel’s life after recruitment. The mean Sr:Ca ratios in A. japonica from the elver mark to the otolith edge indicated the eels belonged to several general categories of migratory histories,
including sea eels (average Sr:Ca ratio ≥6.0 × 10−3) and estuarine eels (average Sr:Ca ratio 2.5 to 6.0 × 10−3) based on the criteria reported previously in A. japonica. All eels had a certain freshwater life period, although the period was highly variable among fish. These results indicate
that A. japonica has a flexible pattern of migration, with the ability to adapt to various habitats and salinities. 相似文献
11.
We examined the formation of annuli by marginal observations on otoliths of gunnel (Pholis fangi) in the Yellow Sea to validate the age determination method and to derive the growth equation covering from larval to adult stages. Gunnels, ranging from 46 to 173 mm in total length, were collected by a bag net fishery from the western coastal waters off Korea from November 1998 to October 1999. Marginal observations indicated that the translucent zone (annual mark) on adult otolith was formed during the winter, whereas the opaque zone was formed during the summer. However, a translucent zone was formed between May and June in juvenile otoliths. This false ring was formed when the fish transited from the inshore pelagic life of larvae to the offshore bottom life of juveniles. The observed maximum age was 58 months. Using observed length-at-monthly age, growth in length was expressed by von Bertalanffy growth curve; Lt = 144.0 (1 − e−0.11 (t+0.43)). P. fangi spawned in winter recruit to inshore, and grow quickly in the nursery habitats in spring. Gunnel inhabit the bottom offshore area during the summer season, and reappear inshore thereafter. 相似文献
12.
Pietro Ceccuzzi Genciana Terova Fabio Brambilla Micaela Antonini Marco Saroglia 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):533-545
No data have previously been reported on Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. in Lake Varese. In this study, the growth, diet, and reproductive biology of the Eurasian perch population were investigated
with the aim of providing information that may serve as a basis for efficient resource management. A total of 240 specimens
were caught during the monthly sampling campaign from November 2006 through October 2008. The length-to-weight relationships
were W
t = 8.4 × 10−3
L
t3.10 (males) and W
t = 4.1 × 10−3
L
t3.36 (females). The parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth function for pooled sexes were L
∞
= 33.17 cm, k = 0.20 year−1, and t
0 = −1.34 year. Perch in Lake Varese spawn from April through May. Sexual maturity is reached when males are 2 years old, in
females mostly when they are 3 years old. Relative fecundity (F
rel) and absolute fecundity (F
abs) were assessed for females. Fecundity values were similar to data reported for other European populations: females of age
2+ F
rel = 102,457 ± 12,275, age 3+ F
rel = 131,767 ± 5,891, and age 4+ F
rel = 131,252 ± 15,555. Perch diet spectrum was wide and somewhat characterized by season. Perch in Lake Varese feed on macroinvertebrates,
mainly Chironomidae and Chaoborus, zooplankton, and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus. 相似文献
13.
Effect of temperature on the development of eggs of round herring Etrumeus teres was experimentally examined to construct a temperature-dependent egg development model. Mature fish were collected in the
field and their eggs were artificially fertilized onboard. The eggs were incubated at nine temperatures set between 14.0 and
25.0°C. All eggs at the lowest three temperatures, 14.0°C, 15.0°C, and 16.0°C, ceased development and died at various stages
before hatching. Durations required to hatching after fertilization ranged from 38.0 h at 25.0°C to 90.0 h at 17.5°C. The
temperature-dependent egg development model, i.e., egg age in hours (y
i,t
) at the ith stage and temperature t (°C), was expressed as: y
i,t
= 4.604 × exp(−0.100 × t −0.129 × i) × i
2.593. From the application of the model to early-stage eggs collected in the field, it is concluded that round herring starts
spawning immediately after sunset and almost completes spawning by midnight. The temperature-dependent egg development model
and the daily pattern of spawning presented in this study are essential tools for developing the daily egg production method
to estimate the spawning stock biomass. 相似文献
14.
Commercially exploited tench, Tinca tinca, (L.) populations in 480 lakes in the northeastern Poland were analyzed on the basis of the fishery data from 1949 to 1994.
The long-term changes in tench catch were studied in four categories of lakes with respective proportions of littoral zones
(<30, 31–60, 61–90 and <90% of total lake area). The analyses were performed with using relative catch (kg ha−1 month−1) of tench. Mean relative catch of tench for 1949–1994 ranged from 0.36 kg ha−1 month−1 in lakes with smallest littoral zone (>30%) to 0.93 kg ha−1 month−1 in lakes with the largest littoral (<90%). Mean relative catch increased with increasing proportions of littoral zones in
lakes. However, long-term trends in mean relative catch of tench showed decreasing tendencies in all lakes. The beginning
of these tendencies was found about ten years earlier in lakes with smaller littoral (<60%) in comparison to lakes with larger
littoral zones (>60%). Mean stocking rates of tench (number of 1-year-old fish per ha of littoral) for 1949–1994 were not
significantly different in lakes of studied categories. However, lakes with proportionally less littoral zone had reduced
stocking efficiency estimated as number of stocked fish per ha of littoral to require 1 kg ha−1 month−1 of tench. 相似文献
15.
József Lanszki Zsuzsanna S. Pallos Dénes Nagy Grace Yoxon 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(5):393-402
The diet composition and fish preference of piscivorous Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) were studied in two fish farm systems in Hungary using spraint (otter faeces) analysis during two wintering periods. The
primary food source of otters in both fish farms was fish (97–99% of biomass). The main fish prey was small-sized, below 100 g
in weight (96% in both areas), while fish prey above 500 g comprised only 0.1–0.4% of the diet. The bulk of the otters’ diet
consisted of less-valued species, especially non-native Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Consumption of commercial fish species ranged between 15 and 31% of the total diet. Otters preferred fish below 100 g in
weight (Ivlev’s electivity index, E
i
= 0.65–0.70), and showed a lesser preference for (or avoided) fish above 100 g in weight (E
i
= −0.37–1.00). With regard to species distribution, otters preferred small (below 100 g) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), zander (Sander lucioperca), pike (Esox lucius), Prussian carp, topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), while they consumed common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the most important commercial species, proportionally to its abundance in the environment (E
i
= −0.18–0.29). 相似文献
16.
Plasma levels of insulin were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 1-year and 2-year old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr during the period of parr-smolt transformation. The two-year old fish were of two different categories; silvering pre-smolts
and previously mature male parr. If insulin plays an important role in parr-smolt transformation and/or subsequent osmoregulatory
changes it was expected that the pre-smolts would show a different insulin profile compared to the mature male parr and one-year
old parr, both of which show impaired hypoosmoregulatory ability compared to smolts. Measurements were taken during two separate
years. Between January and April both categories of two-year old fish had generally higher plasma levels of insulin compared
to the non-smolting one-year old parr. In the pre-smolts insulin levels ranged from 4.0 to 7.9 ng ml−1, and from 7.8 to 16.7 ng ml−1 in 1990 and 1992 respectively, while in the previously mature males the same respective values were from 4.3 to 10.0 ng ml−1, and from 6.6 to 24.1 ng ml−1. In the two-year old fish, whether pre-smolts or mature males, plasma insulin levels peaked between 1–2 months before final
smoltification, after which insulin titers declined sharply. In 1990, the 1-year old parr showed a dual peak in plasma insulin.
Insulin first peaked in February (7.8 ng ml−1), and then again in April–May (7.7 ng ml−1), while in 1992 the 1-year old parr showed a number of smaller transient peaks (5–7 ng ml−1) between March–May, followed by sharp elevation of insulin levels in June. Liver glycogen contents were at their highest
(3.5–5.0 g 100 g−1 I liver wet weight) in March in both 1-year and 2-year old fish. Glycogen levels were low during the later stages of parr-smolt
transformation, before rising again in June in both the 1-year old and precociously mature parr, but not in the smolts. 相似文献
17.
Jeong-Hoon Lee Keita Kodama Gen Kume Masaaki Oyama Satoshi Katayama Yuji Takao Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):379-385
To find an appropriate method for age determination in the marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae in Tokyo Bay, Japan, sagittal otoliths of 1,343 individuals were observed by surface-reading and cross-section methods and
the results were compared. Opaque zones occurred once a year and were regarded as annuli in both methods. The surface-reading
method sometimes provided a lower count of the number of annuli than the cross-section method, and the frequency of this discrepancy
was highest in older fish (males above 5 years, females above 4 years). The oldest female fish was estimated to be age 10 years
by the cross-section method but 8 years by the surface-reading method. The cross-section method could provide a more accurate
estimate of age and is therefore likely to be indispensable to estimations of longevity. In contrast, the surface-reading
method is superior in terms of cost and time efficiency but is likely to underestimate the ages of older fish. However, growth
equations based on age estimated by the surface-reading method were sufficiently accurate if males ≥5 years and females ≥4 years
were combined as specific, single age groups of 5+ and 4+, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Zhongming Zheng Chunhua Jin Mingyun Li Peifeng Bai Shuanglin Dong 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):581-589
The metabolic responses of the juvenile Miichthys miiuy in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion to changes in temperature (6–25°C) and salinity (16–31 ppt) were investigated.
At a constant salinity of 26 ppt, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the fish increased with an increase in temperature
and ranged between 133.38 and 594.96 μg O2 h−1 g−1 DW. The effect of temperature on OCR was significant (P < 0.01). Q10 coefficients were 6.80, 1.41, 1.29 and 2.36 at temperatures of 6–10, 10–15, 15–20 and 20–25°C, respectively, suggesting that
the juveniles of M. miiuy will be well adapted to the field temperature in the summer, but not in the winter. The ammonium excretion rates (AER) of
the fish were also affected significantly by temperature (P < 0.01). The O:N ratio at temperatures of 6, 10, 15 and 20°C ranged from 13.12 to 20.91, which was indicative of a protein-dominated
metabolism, whereas the O:N at a temperature of 25°C was 51.37, suggesting that protein-lipids were used as an energy substrate.
At a constant temperature of 15°C, the OCRs of the fish ranged between 334.14 (at 31 ppt) and 409.68 (at 16 ppt) μg O2 h−1 g−1 DW. No significant differences were observed in the OCR and AER of the juveniles between salinities of 26 and 31 ppt (P > 0.05). The OCR and AER at 16 ppt were, however, significantly higher than those at 26 and 31 ppt (P < 0.05), indicating salinity lower than 16 ppt is presumably stressful to M. miiuy juveniles. 相似文献
19.
Tohya Yasuda Kazuyoshi Komeyama Keitaro Kato Yasushi Mitsunaga 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(2):229-235
We investigated the usefulness of acceleration loggers in aquaculture by examining net-cage use and metabolic rates in red
sea bream, Pagrus major. First, the fish’s metabolic rate (mg O2 kg−1 min−1) was measured with the logger in a swim tunnel at designated water velocities. We found that metabolic rate could be expressed
by using a linear regression model of the activity rate index (unitless min−1) derived from acceleration data. Using this equation, the field metabolic rates of three fish in a net cage were monitored
and were estimated at 14.1–15.0 kcal kg−1 day−1. The results suggested that 15–19% of energy from satiation feeding ration was consumed for metabolism and activity in the
net cage. The loggers showed orderly net-cage use by the fish. Tagged individuals used the whole cage from surface to bottom,
but individual fish that preferred the surface area rarely used the bottom, and vice versa. Metabolic rate increased significantly
with distance of the fish from their preferred depths. The logger provided information on the physiological and behavioral
responses of fish in a given breeding system, and its use should contribute to the design of practical aquaculture systems. 相似文献
20.
Satoshi Suyama Kazuhiro Oshima Masayasu Nakagami Yasuhiro Ueno 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):325-333
We examined seasonal changes in the relationship between otolith radius and body length in age-zero Pacific saury Cololabis saira collected from June to December 2002–2004, based on 12,164 specimens. Results of the analysis using a generalized linear
model indicated that there were differences in the intercepts among months, but no difference was seen in the slopes. In addition,
post hoc analysis showed that the intercepts got larger as the month progressed from June to December. These results suggested
that although the body length growth rate decreased, the growth of the otolith does not decrease to the same degree as the
body after September, so the ratio of otolith radius to body length becomes larger as the months pass. Consequently, we consider
that the seasonal change in relation between otolith radius and body length affects the back-calculation of body length based
on otolith radius. 相似文献