浅析节水农业与抗旱节水型水稻育种

本文分析了我国水资源和农业用水现状,农业灌溉水利用率仅为发达国家的一半左右,一方水只能生产0.85kg的粮食,远低于2kg以上的世界发达国家水平;论述了国内外开展节水农业研究中所采用的新技术和新方法;指出干旱缺水始终是我国水稻生产面临的最大威胁。也是制约我国稻作面积扩大和产量提高的首要因子;培育耐旱、节水的稻作品种,发展节水稻生产,对水资源日益短缺,人口压力巨大,又以稻米为主食的中国21世纪“稻米安全”具有重要的战略意义。     

间歇灌溉对水稻生长发育及产量性状的影响

针对黑龙江省水田面积日益扩大、水资源日益短缺这一现象,设计研究了间歇灌溉对水稻生长发育、产量性状的影响变化。试验在旱育稀植、培育壮秧的基础上,研究间歇灌溉条件下水稻分蘖动态、产量构成因子等方面的变化,为节水灌溉的研究与推广提供科学依据。     

水稻无水层栽培初探

针对辽宁稻区缺水和水资源浪费现象,进行了本项研究,结果表明无水层栽培可以降低水稻的无效分蘖、穗粒数,提高有效穗数、千粒重。无水层栽培全生育期可节水35%以上,有利于缓解北方稻区用水紧张问题,是一项值得推广的水稻节水新技术。     

水稻无水层栽培初探

针对辽宁稻区缺水和水资源浪费现象，进行了本项研究，结果表明无水层栽培可以降低水稻的无效分蘖、穗粒数，提高有效穗数、千粒重。无水层栽培全生育期可节水35％以上，有利于缓解北方稻区用水紧张问题，是一项值得推广的水稻节水新技术。     

水稻早熟品种晚育大苗延后插秧技术

绥化市位于黑龙江省中部 ,松嫩平原腹地 ,属寒地稻作区 ,水稻常年栽培面积在15万hm2以上。随着水稻种植面积的增加 ,水资源不足的问题日见突出 ,经常造成部分稻田因无水而种不上稻。改种旱田产量低、效益差 ,严重影响农民收入。为解决这部分稻田的种地困难 ,绥化市水稻站试验了水稻早熟品种晚育大苗延后插秧技术。这项技术可以避开用水高峰期 ,使水资源得到有效利用。一、试验地点及基本情况试验地点位于海伦市东风镇 ,属半山丘陵地区 ,无霜期115天 ,日平均大于10℃活动积温2300℃ ,正常年份降水量500～600mm ,土壤为中层草甸黑土 ,土质肥沃…     

黑龙江省水稻面积快速增加应注意的问题

黑龙江省水稻种植面积正处于高速发展新时期,水稻属于典型的商品性生产,对保证我国稻米安全发挥的作用越来越大。如何才能实现黑龙江省水稻种植面积平稳发展,有必要注意春季用水关键期有可靠的水源保障;确保农民种水稻获得比较高和稳定的经济效益;保证稻谷销路畅通,避免出现和有效解决卖难问题。     

水稻节水栽培技术

从选用优质抗旱品种、培育带蘖壮秧、整地节水、过水插秧、合理稀植、科学施肥、节水灌溉、杂草防除等方面介绍了泰来县水稻节水栽培技术。该技术节水效果明显,增效优势突出,有利于扩大水稻种植面积及提高水资源利用率,对推进节水型农业发展及实现农业增产、农民增收,具有重要和深远的意义。     

水稻节水栽培技术

从选用优质抗旱品种、培育带蘖壮秧、整地节水、过水插秧、合理稀植、科学施肥、节水灌溉、杂草防除等方面介绍了泰来县水稻节水栽培技术。该技术节水效果明显,增效优势突出,有利于扩大水稻种植面积及提高水资源利用率,对推进节水型农业发展及实现农业增产、农民增收,具有重要和深远的意义。     

寒地水稻节水控制灌溉技术研究与探讨

水稻控制灌溉是一种节水栽培新技术。八五二农场生产大面积推广应用该项技术,平均节水70～100 m3/667 m2,节水率达22%～35%。控制灌溉技术在推广应用时,要与垦区应用的"浅、湿、干"灌溉技术有机结合,处理好生产性用水与控制灌溉的关系,同时要与水稻叶龄诊断技术相结合,以更加精准地进行节水灌溉,更好地发挥作用。     

盘锦灌区节水灌溉对水稻及稻田生态环境的影响

盘锦市水资源形势严峻,在水稻生产中发展节水灌溉是应对水资源短缺的有效措施。总结了盘锦灌区应用的水稻节水灌溉模式,综述了节水灌溉对水稻生长发育、产量的影响及对稻田生态环境的影响,并对节水灌溉技术的研究趋势进行了展望,以期为水稻生产提质增效、水稻绿色栽培提供理论和实践依据。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。