Chloroplast DNA evidence on the ancient evolutionary split in vascular land plants

Two groups of extant plants, lycopsids and psilopsids, alternatively have been suggested to be the living representatives of the earliest diverging lineage in vascular plant evolution. The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) gene order is known to contain an inversion in bryophytes and tracheophytes relative to one another. Characterization of tracheophyte cpDNAs shows that lycopsids share the gene order with bryophytes, whereas all other vascular plants share the inverted gene order. The distribution of this character provides strong support for the fundamental nature of the phylogenetic separation of lycopsids and marks the ancient evolutionary split in early vascular land plants.     

Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants

The colonization of land by eukaryotes probably was facilitated by a partnership (symbiosis) between a photosynthesizing organism (phototroph) and a fungus. However, the time when colonization occurred remains speculative. The first fossil land plants and fungi appeared 480 to 460 million years ago (Ma), whereas molecular clock estimates suggest an earlier colonization of land, about 600 Ma. Our protein sequence analyses indicate that green algae and major lineages of fungi were present 1000 Ma and that land plants appeared by 700 Ma, possibly affecting Earth's atmosphere, climate, and evolution of animals in the Precambrian.     

浅谈京郊花卉产业现状、问题及建议

随着北京市经济的迅速发展和农业产业结构的调整,花卉产业发展迅速,2005年北京花卉生产面积已经达到2953hm2,产值达到6.3亿人民币。但也存在着一些问题,在一定程度上制约着花卉产业的快速发展,本文初步分析了北京花卉产业的现状,并提出了相应建议。     

A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea

Until recently, northern Bering Sea ecosystems were characterized by extensive seasonal sea ice cover, high water column and sediment carbon production, and tight pelagic-benthic coupling of organic production. Here, we show that these ecosystems are shifting away from these characteristics. Changes in biological communities are contemporaneous with shifts in regional atmospheric and hydrographic forcing. In the past decade, geographic displacement of marine mammal population distributions has coincided with a reduction of benthic prey populations, an increase in pelagic fish, a reduction in sea ice, and an increase in air and ocean temperatures. These changes now observed on the shallow shelf of the northern Bering Sea should be expected to affect a much broader portion of the Pacific-influenced sector of the Arctic Ocean.     

A genetic evidence of chromosomal fragment from bridge parent existing in substitution lines between two common wheat varieties

Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes because of their distinctive advantages in genetic analysis, compared with the aneuploid genetic materials. Apart from the substituted chromosome, the other chromosomes between the substitution lines and their recipient parent should be identical, which eases the gene locating practice. In this study, a set of chromosome substitution lines with cv. Wichita(WI) as the recipient parent and cv. Cheyenne(CNN) as the donor parent were studied for the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) as well as a range of agronomic important traits. Results revealed that the substitution lines of WI(CNN5D), WI(CNN6A) and WI(CNN7B) had higher plant heights than the two parents of WI and CNN, and WI(CNN3D) had later maturity than the parents. By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis, a substitution line WI(CNN5B) was found to contain different HMW-GS patterns from its two parents, in which 1By9 was replaced by 1By8 on chromosome 1BL. Simple sequence repeat(SSR) analysis confirmed that the variation on 1BL in WI(CNN5B) was originated from Chinese Spring(CS). It is concluded that chromosomal fragments from bridge material and donor parent were quite often retained in intracultivaral chromosome substitution lines except the substituting chromosomes.     

模糊证据权法在夏橙产区土地适宜性评价中的应用

为解决土地适宜性评价中因子权重选取的主观性和随意性问题,以夏橙产区为例,引入模糊证据权法.评价结果显示:85％的已知适宜点处于修正后验概率分级图的中等适宜级别以上,表明集数据驱动和知识驱动为一体的模糊证据权法与修正后验概率模型结合可以客观、准确地对土地进行适宜性评价.     

农用地分等成果在土地整理中的应用研究

土地整理对土地资源地可持续利用乃至整个社会地可持续发展都有着十分重要地意义.本文从我国土地整理的现状入手,来分析土地开发整理对农用地质量信息的需求分析以及农用地分等成果在土地整理中的应用.     

北京市顺义区无公害蔬菜标准化生产技术研究与推广

北京市顺义区是全市蔬菜主产区之一。通过开展无公害蔬菜标准化生产技术研究,建立技术标准、管理标准和工作标准3大标准体系,推广无公害蔬菜生产技术规程,产生了显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。从2002-2006年,在蔬菜上累计推广杀虫灯、防虫网和黄板等物理防治技术20266hm2,节本增收9386.29万元。     

土地利用变化研究现状

采用文献研究的方法,综合叙述土地利用/覆被变化研究20多年来的研究进展,总结土地变化科学研究的新理论与新方法,并展望了未来土地变化科学研究的方向,进一步加强中国的土地变化科学研究。土地变化科学在土地利用数量变化研究、驱动力研究、土地利用变化模拟研究方面取得了丰硕的成果。一方面是驱动力因子的多样性;另一方面是土地利用变化模拟方法的交叉性,已从数量模拟研究转向空间模拟研究,从单方法模拟研究转向多种方法结合的模拟研究,从生物物理驱动力的建模方式转向生物物理驱动力与社会经济驱动力相结合的建模方式。未来的土地变化研究要加强精度的要求,促进土地变化科学的发展,同时其研究成果能真正引导土地利用规划。参46