牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹种群动态的时空表达

利用引诱剂对牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹种群动态的时空表达进行研究的结果表明:牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹有三个扬飞高峰期,即5月15~25日、6月24日~7月4日、8月3~13日;在扬飞期间内,诱集到的落叶松八齿小蠹雄虫的数量多于雌虫;在林缘附近诱集到的落叶松八齿小蠹的数量多于林内中心地带。     

落叶松八齿小蠹聚集信息素的时空诱集效果

应用落叶松八齿小蠹聚集信息素对内蒙古阿尔山林区落叶松八齿小蠹的年扬飞规律、日扬飞规律、林缘外不同距离以及林内不同高度诱捕器诱集效果等进行了试验。结果表明:落叶松八齿小蠹的成虫发生期从5月中旬开始,到8月底结束,期间有两次明显的扬飞高峰期;成虫活动主要集中在12:00—16:00;聚集信息素对落叶松八齿小蠹的有效引诱距离为200 m左右,在90 m以内引诱效果最佳;林内树干1.5 m处为最佳的诱捕器设置高度。     

落叶松八齿小蠹聚集信息素粗提物诱虫实验

落叶松八齿小蠹是危害落叶松的主要蛀干害虫之一,大面积发生时可造成树木长势衰弱或枯死。利用溶剂提取法提取了落叶松八齿小蠹后肠物质,并对其进行了室内和田间实验,筛选出了最有效的粗提物剂量。结果是30ME剂量时,不论是室内、还是田间,其反应率和诱虫效果比其他剂量都好。     

落叶松八齿小蠹足部感受器的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜对落叶松八齿小蠹的足部感受器进行观察的结果表明，落叶松八齿小蠹足部共有穗型、毛型、刺型三种类型感受器，其中毛型感受器和刺型感受器的结构和功能在许多报道中都有了较深入的研究，而穗型感受器仅在落叶松八齿小蠹的触角上发现过。     

落叶松八齿小蠹的发生特点及防治措施

落叶松八齿小蠹 ( Ipssubelongatus Motsch.) ,是近年来牡丹江林区最重要也是最为严重的蛀干害虫。 1 999年在东京城林业局多个林场 (所 )的落叶松纯林发现了落叶松八齿小蠹蛀干害虫。此害虫主要为害落叶松 ,此虫不仅侵害衰弱木、新倒木 ,并能为害健康的林木。1　生物学特性落叶松八齿小蠹在我地区每年发生 1代 ,此虫以成虫在树皮下或地被物等处越冬。喜居于倒木上 ,尤其喜在采伐迹地林缘又有遮阴地方。 5月中旬为早春活动的最盛期 ,此时所产卵至 7月下旬羽化为成虫。卵期 7～ 1 8天 ,幼虫期 2 1天左右 ,蛹期约 7天 ,成虫羽化后移到新的地…     

落叶松八齿小蠹营林防治技术的研究

本文从森林经营角度出发，对落叶松八齿小蠹的发生与防治进行了研究，探讨了落叶松八齿小蠹的发生与地形地势、水热条件、土壤及人为经营活动的关系。研究了这些环境因子与该虫发生的起因及规律性；研究了小囊虫的发生与林分生长的关系；提出了营林防治的技术方法；     

不同引诱剂对桔小实蝇的引诱效果

通过对5种桔小实蝇引诱剂的野外诱虫试验,初步明确了不同引诱剂的诱虫效果：广东昆虫研究所生产的桔小实蝇粘蝇纸引诱到的桔小实蝇数量最多,30天诱捕量为196头（雌虫21头,雄虫175头）;另外3种引诱剂30天的诱捕量分别为上海出入境检验检疫局研制的桔小实蝇引诱剂149头、广东昆虫研究所生产的桔小实蝇引诱剂为122头、南京农业大学研制的桔小实蝇引诱剂为125头（雌虫20头,雄虫105头）。昆山天然香料厂提供的甲基丁香酚诱虫效果差,仅为1头;清水对照的诱捕量为0。试验结果还表明,南京农业大学研制的引诱剂和广东昆虫所生产的桔小实蝇粘蝇纸对桔小实蝇雌成虫有一定的引诱效果。     

塞罕坝地区落叶松八齿小蠹生物学特性及防治技术的研究

为有效防治落叶松八齿小蠹，对其生物学特性、发生规律、防治技术进行了研究。通过饲养与野外调查发现，落叶松八齿小蠹在塞罕坝1a发生1～2代，2～3次扬飞，发生数量与温度、地形、天敌等因素有密切关系。用8％的绿色威雷200～400倍液于扬飞前2～3d防治，同时采取必要的营林措施，连续2～3a可将该虫控制在“有虫不成灾”的水平。     

落叶松八齿小蠹防治技术

落叶松八齿小蠹是危害落叶松的重要害虫.本文对其生物学特性进行了观察,并从营林防治、饵木诱杀和信息素诱杀三个方面介绍了落叶松八齿小蠹的防治技术.     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾性引诱剂应用技术研究

利用100 ugZ5-10：OH性引诱剂对净月林区兴安落叶松鞘蛾进行引诱试验,结果表明：该性引诱剂对兴安落叶松鞘蛾雄蛾的引诱效果明显,树冠上层诱捕器的诱虫量明显高于树冠中、下层;诱虫量随林分虫口密度的增加而降低。利用性引诱剂可有效监测和防治落叶松鞘蛾。     

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple(Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (EAG)responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde andtrans-2-hexen-1-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three com-pounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-1-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-1-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantlyattractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either EAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound aremarkedly influenced by the concentration.     

云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展(鞘翅目,小蠹科)

本文对云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展进行了综述。云杉八齿小蠹在中欧的大面积爆发激发了广大林业科学工作者对其化学生态学的广泛研究。在寻找寄主的过程中,雄性找到寄主后释放化学信息物质吸引雄性和雌性的聚集。开始发起进攻的小蠹在找寻寄主的过程中能利用寄主树脂作为利己素,并能够在体内解毒后合成可被利用的化学信息物质。在云杉八齿小蠹雄性的中肠中,我们发现9种单萜类化合物,主要是反式马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇,这两种物质被认为是云杉八齿小蠹聚集信息素的主要成分。小蠹二烯醇的含量虽然很低但是能显著提高马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇的野外诱集作用。马鞭草烯酮和小蠹烯醇是反聚集信息素,在调节攻击密度和树皮下的种群密度的过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要综述了寄主抗性、信息素成分和小蠹虫行为之间的关系。野外生测的结果证明利用信息素防治云杉八齿小蠹是行之有效的防治方法。     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

A review： chemical ecology of Ips typographus （Coleoptera, Scolytidae）

Chemical ecology of the spruce bark beetle lps typographus （L.） was reviewed. The outbreak of 1.typographus in central Europe triggered extensive research on chemical ecology, Males initiate host location and produce semiochemicals which attract both males and females, A successful mass attack must first overcome the resistance of the host tree. Pioneer I. typographus evolved to use the resin flow of host trees as kairomones in host location, and synthesized semiochemicals initially to detoxify the resin. If small bark beetle populations infest healthy trees, mass attack is prevented by host resistance, Nine monoterpene alcohols were found in male hind-guts, including cis-verbenol （cV） and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol （MB） which are regarded as primary aggregation pheromones, and a low proportion of lpsdienol （ld） which increases attractiveness of cV and MB, Verbenone （Vn） and Ipsenol （le） are anti-aggregation pheromones, that play important roles in adjusting attack density and insect density under the bark. Non-host volatiles are repellent to L typographus, so that beetles do not waste energy boring into non-host trees. The relationship between host resistance, pheromone compounds and behavior, non-host volatiles, bioassays and mass trapping are reviewed, Results of field bioassays stressed that traps baited with specific pheromones could be used as a reasonable protection measure.     

Aggregation ofPlatypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) on oak logs bored by males of the species

To provide evidence for the aggregation ofPlatypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) in association with the mass mortality of oak trees in Japan, we compared the number of beetles attracted to oak logs bored by males with the number of beetles attracted to logs that had not been bored. Large numbers of males and females were attracted to the bored logs, and the total numbers increased as the number of entry holes in the logs increased. This result shows that both male and female beetles aggregate on logs bored by the males. We collected a large number of beetles attracted to living trees bored by the beetles, and the total number of beetles collected increased as the number of entry holes/m² on the tree trunk increased. Beetles also aggregated on living trees bored by the males.     

Comparison of lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs and lure-baited traps for control of Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Two methods were compared for capturing the bark beetle Ips duplicatus Sahlberg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): lure-baited, insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) versus Theysohn pheromone traps (TPTs). In 2008 and 2011 and at each of three clearcuts, five TPTs and five TRIPODs baited with ID Ecolure pheromone evaporators were installed with 10 m spacing. The pheromone evaporators were renewed every 8 weeks. The TRIPODs were treated with the insecticide Vaztak 10 EC in mid-April and then every 5 weeks thereafter. Trap logs and traps were inspected weekly during the entire period of I. duplicatus flight activity (April–September). Two to three times more beetles were trapped by the TPTs than by the TRIPODs. The TPTs captured more females than males, while TRIPODs captured equivalent numbers of males and females or more males than females on some dates. The TPTs and TRIPODs trapped approximately the same numbers of males, but the TPTs captured more females than the TRIPODs. Both traps captured more adults in spring than in summer. The higher numbers of entomophagous arthropods, including the predacious beetles Thanasimus formicarius L. and T. femoralis, were captured in the TRIPODs than in the TPTs.     

(+)-柠檬烯和1-甲氧基-2-丙醇对云杉八齿小蠹虫对信息素混合物反映的影响(英文)

对利用信息素诱捕云杉八齿小蠹的策略进行了对比分析,尤其是雄性小蠹的诱捕。第一种策略是障碍法,在林分的周围密集的布置捕捉陷阱,使用交互式信息素分别诱捕雄性小蠹和雌性小蠹。第二种策略是单一诱捕法,广阔使用投有相同诱饵诱捕陷阱,以捕捉最大数量的雄性小蠹为目的,而不包含雌性小蠹的捕捉。在带有低含量的(4S)一反式马鞭草烯醇诱饵混合物中,用0%,1%,10%,35%,60%and90%的(+)-柠檬烯逐步取代α-蒎烯。这种替换对雄性小蠹的反映数量没有影响,但对雄性小蠹的捕捉量稍有影响。在有高含量(4S)-反式马鞭草烯醇捕捉雌性小蠹的引诱剂混合物中,用1-甲氧基-2-丙醇取代2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇,对雌性小蠹的捕捉率没有影响。因而,在具有反式马鞭草烯醇和(4县)-2-甲基-6-甲基-2,7-辛-4-醇的混合物中使用1-甲氧基-2-丙醇,捕捉效果没有明显的变化。在单一捕捉的引诱剂混合物中,用(+)-柠檬烯取代α-蒎烯,用1-甲氧基-2-丙醇取代2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇,α-蒎烯被代替后对雄性小蠹的捕捉率轻微的影响,但2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇被代替后,将不会没有明显地降低捕捉效果。     

Zum Geschlechtsverhältnis von Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera,Scolytidae) in Pheromonfallen

By means of barriere traps baited with two types ofIps typographus pheromone, Typolur and Pheroprax, nearly 240000 individuals were trapped between 1979 and 1981 in bohemian spruce stands. In the whole 64% (Typolur) resp. 61% (Pheroprax) of the beetles were females. At the beginning of the flying period the males predominated whereas some weeks later on the contrary the females were prevalent. The latter consisted of individuals founding sisterbroods. Up to 5.2% of females had lost their bristles showing that they already were through three egg laying periods.     

Effect of (+)-limonene and 1-methoxy-2-propanol on Ips typographus response to pheromone blends

We compared two different strategies to increase the catches of Ips typographus (L.), particularly males, in pheromone-baited traps. The first of these strategies, the barrier approach, used alternating pheromone blends, targeting males and females respectively, in closely-spaced traps forming a barrier around forest stands. The second strategy, the single trap approach, used widely-spaced traps that were all baited with the same lure and intended to trap the highest possible numbers of males without compromising trapping of females. In the blend used for the barrier traps targeting primarily males, with a lower percentage of (4S)-cis-verbenol (cV), the (−)-α-pinene was replaced step wise with (+)-limonene at rates of 0%, 1%, 10%, 35%, 60% and 90%. This replacement had no significant effect on the numbers of responding I. typographus males, but there was a slight effect on the percentage of males caught. In the attractant blend for the barrier traps targeting females, with a higher percentage of cV, the 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) was replaced with 1-methoxy-2-propanol (MP) in a similar fashion as for the male-specific blends. The replacement did not significantly affect the catch of females. Thus, it is possible to use the MP in the blend with cV and ipsdienol without significant change in catch efficacy. In the blends for single traps, the (−)-α- pinene was replaced with (+)-limonene and MB with MP. The replacement of (−)-α-pinene had only a slight effect on the percentage of males, but the results suggest that replacing MB with MP in the blend will not significantly reduce trapping efficacy. Foundation project: The research was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-51-P06005 and APVV-27-P05205) and by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (2/6153/26)     

榆木蠹蛾性诱剂的合成及林间诱蛾试验

利用毛细管气相色谱分析榆木蠹蛾处女雌蛾性腺体提取物、化学合成相应的标准化合物并通过触角电位分析及林间诱蛾试验,旨在找到一种对榆木蠹蛾成虫具有强引诱活性的性诱剂.结果表明:提取物中存在反-3-十四碳烯醇(E3 - 14∶OH)、顺-3-十四碳烯醇(Z3 - 14∶ OH)、反-3 -十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(E3 - 14∶Ac)、顺-7-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z7-14∶ Ac)和顺-3-反-5-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z3E5 -14∶ Ac).榆木蠹蛾雄蛾对Z7-14∶ Ac产生最强的触角电位(EAG)反应,为4.95 mV,极显著高于其他化合物,其他依次是E3 - 14∶Ac、Z3E5 -14∶Ac、E3E5 -14∶ Ac、Z3 - 14∶Ac、腺体提取物、E7 - 14∶Ac,其中乙酸酯化合物EAG值极显著高于其相应的醇(P＜0.01).林间诱蛾活性试验表明:Z7- 14∶ Ac有诱蛾活性,E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac有显著的增效作用,Z7-14∶ Ac、E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac按10∶ 4∶4的比例配成每个含900 μg性诱剂的诱芯具有很好的诱蛾活性,单诱芯日平均诱蛾数达11.02头.