热处理对桃花心木材尺寸稳定性和力学性能的影响

以温度150～210℃保温4h、180℃保温2～6h为条件,探究桃花心木材适用的热处理工艺。随着热处理温度升高和保温时间延长,试材平衡含水率和湿胀率逐渐降低,阻湿率和抗胀率增大;抗弯弹性模量在180℃以上时明显降低,抗弯强度随温度升高一直下降;随180℃保温时间的延长,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度先下降后趋于稳定。     

热处理对进口辐射松木材抗弯性能和尺寸稳定性的影响

对进口辐射松木材分别以4个温度水平和3个时间水平进行热处理。结果显示:随着温度升高,试材抗弯弹性模量呈现波动式变化,200℃时出现最大值;抗弯强度逐渐减小;随时间延长,抗弯性能均缓慢下降。热处理可有效提高试材尺寸稳定性,试材平衡含水率、阻湿率和抗胀率主要受温度影响,受热处理时间的影响较小。     

热处理对进口辐射松木材抗弯性能和 尺寸稳定性的影响

对进口辐射松木材分别以4个温度水平和3个时间水平进行热处理。结果显示：随着温度升高，试材抗弯弹性模量呈现波动式变化，200 ℃时出现最大值；抗弯强度逐渐减小；随时间延长，抗弯性能均缓慢下降。热处理可有效提高试材尺寸稳定性，试材平衡含水率、阻湿率和抗胀率主要受温度影响，受热处理时间的影响较小。     

蒸汽压力对热处理材力学性能影响的机理研究

通过对樟子松和柞木分别在常压和一定蒸汽压力下进行热处理,比较了不同热处理木材与常规对照材的力学性能差异。结果表明:热处理使木材的抗弯强度和冲击韧性出现明显下降,然而,就抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度而言,除樟子松的MOE指标外,经过热处理的试材的性能指标都高于对照材。和常压热处理相比,压力蒸汽热处理进一步降低了试材的力学强度,但这一差异并不显著。木材化学组分分析表明,热处理材力学性能的变化主要归因于热处理过程中木材半纤维素的降解以及木素在热处理过程中的化学变化。     

硫酰氟熏蒸处理对出口包装樟子松木材力学性能的影响

采用硫酰氟作为熏蒸剂处理樟子松木材,在试验室条件下,研究熏蒸处理对木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、颇纹抗剪强度和颇纹抗压强度的影响。结果表明,经硫酰氟熏蒸处理后樟子松木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗剪强度和顺纹抗压强度均有程度不同的变化;除顺纹抗剪强度有所增强,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度均减小;抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量的相关性有所下降。     

高温热处理对樟子松板材物理力学性能影响的研究

分别采用170、190、210℃三组处理温度对樟子松板材进行了高温热处理工艺试验,并对处理材和对照样进行了物理、力学性能测试:高温热处理工艺使樟子松木材的绝干密度下降、吸湿性降低,对其抗弯强度亦有较大影响,且此影响随温度升高而增大;对于抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度三项指标则基本无影响.在常规使用环境下,由于处理材与对照样之间存在含水率差异,除了210℃处理材的抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度比对照样略小外,170℃和190℃处理材的三项指标均不同程度高于对照样.     

浸渍-热处理对杨木力学性能的影响

以速生杨木为研究对象,采用木材真空加压浸渍处理和炭化罐专用设备,对杨木进行浸渍-热处理,研究了热处理温度和时间对杨木素材、热处理材、浸渍材和浸渍-热处理材的顺纹抗弯强度、弹性模量和耐磨性影响。结果表明:1)热处理会使素材和浸渍材的抗弯强度和弹性模量降低,但浸渍材的下降幅度较素材更小;2)浸渍后,杨木的耐磨性有提高,但幅度不大;热处理后,耐磨性整体呈下降趋势,特别是在200℃后,下降非常明显;浸渍材与素材的耐磨性在同条件下相差不大;     

真空热处理对家具用奥克榄木材物理力学性能的影响

热处理是提高木材尺寸稳定性的有效方法之一,目前热处理主要针对室外等较恶劣的用材环境,采用高温(200℃)处理。针对家具材装饰性要求高、使用环境变化较温和等特点,以家具常用材奥克榄木材为实验材料,研究真空(≤0.06 MPa)条件处理后奥克榄木材物理力学性能的变化,以确定适用于家具用材的真空低温热处理工艺。将奥克榄木材以0.06 MPa、不同温度(120,140,160,180,200℃)处理5 h,测定不同处理温度下木材的全干密度、湿胀率、干缩率、色差、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性及硬度变化,并比较低温(120,140,160℃)和常规温度(180,200℃)处理及未处理奥克榄木材的物理力学性能。结果表明:物理性质方面,随温度升高,奥克榄材色加深,处理后奥克榄与未处理材相比,色差值ΔE为6.1～25.9;全干密度随处理温度呈波动状态变化,在200℃处理时达最低值,较未处理材下降30.9%;干缩率、湿胀率均明显下降,但在120℃升高至140℃、160℃升高至180℃时变化幅度较小。力学性能方面,随炭化温度升高,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量先增大后减小;冲击韧性降低,140℃之后变化幅度趋缓,200℃时降幅最大为52.42%;不同温度热处理后的端面硬度较未处理材均有所上升,径、弦变化不明显。与常规热处理和未处理处理材相比,真空低温热处理可改善木材的尺寸稳定性,降低炭化对于木材材色变化的影响,且不明显降低木材的力学性能。     

Okan Wood Mechanical Strength＇s Response to Heat Treatment Condition Changes

以过热蒸汽为传热介质和保护性气体,在热处理温度为160℃、180℃、200℃、220℃,热处理时间为2h、4h、6h、8h的条件下对圆盘豆木材进行高温热处理,研究圆盘豆木材在不同热处理条件下的力学性能变化规律。结果表明,随着热处理温度升高和热处理时间延长,圆盘豆热处理材抗弯强度降低;弹性模量在160℃时最高,然后降低;硬度的变化趋势不明显。红外光谱分析表明,热处理使木材中的半纤维素、纤维素、木素发生降解反应,导致木材力学强度降低。     

圆盘豆木材力学强度对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以过热蒸汽为传热介质和保护性气体,在热处理温度为160℃、180℃、200℃、220℃,热处理时间为2h、4h、6h、8h的条件下对圆盘豆木材进行高温热处理,研究圆盘豆木材在不同热处理条件下的力学性能变化规律。结果表明,随着热处理温度升高和热处理时间延长,圆盘豆热处理材抗弯强度降低;弹性模量在160℃时最高,然后降低;硬度的变化趋势不明显。红外光谱分析表明,热处理使木材中的半纤维素、纤维素、木素发生降解反应,导致木材力学强度降低。     

Study on the effect of nano-silver impregnation on mechanical properties of heat-treated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus nigra</Emphasis>

The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of heat treatment of nano-silver-impregnated Populus nigra on weight loss, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compression parallel to grain. Specimens were impregnated with 200 PPM water-based solution of nano-silver particles at 2.5 bar in a pressure vessel. For heat treatment, both nano-silver-impregnated and simple specimens were kept for 24 h at 45°C and then further for 24 h at 145°C and finally for 4 h at 185°C. MOR decreased from 529 to 461 kg/cm² in heat-treated specimens; MOE and compression parallel to grain were though improved. Also, comparison between heat-treated and nano-silver-impregnated heat-treated specimens showed that there was a decrease in MOR and MOE in nano-silver-impregnated heat-treated specimens. This shows that nano-silver impregnation facilitates transfer of heat in wood and it may increase the process of degradation and pyrolysis of wood structures in deeper parts of specimens.     

人工林杉木木材力学性质对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以人工林杉木为试材,分别用空气和菜子油为介质,在温度为180,200和220 ℃对其分别热处理1,3和5 h,研究试材的抗弯强度(MOR)、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度对高温热处理条件变化的响应,同时对处理材的主要化学成分进行分析,用扫描电镜对处理材横切面微观结构进行观察.结果表明:人工林杉木试材的4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理的响应程度不同.无论是空气热处理还是油热处理,试材的MOR,MOE,顺纹抗压强度与对照比有不同程度的降低,且随处理温度升高、时间延长,下降幅度增大,相比于时间,温度的影响更显著;180 ℃热处理1,3和5 h时,试材的MOR,MOE与对照比未发生明显变化(降幅在3%以内),而顺纹抗压强度则明显低于对照,两介质中降低幅度分别在3.29%～9.58%和3.89%～7.18%;200 ℃以上处理时,不同时间处理的3种主要力学性质不仅显著或极显著低于对照,且各性质问的差异也达显著或极显著水平;对硬度的测试结果表明:180 ℃热处理时,试件的径面硬度和弦面硬度均随时间的延长而增大;200 ℃热处理3 h时,试件的硬度达最大,与对照差异达显著水平;随后热处理试件的硬度开始降低,220 ℃热处理5 h后试件的硬度又明显低于对照.在隔氧的油介质中进行热处理,4种主要力学性质的变化程度低于空气介质处理材,当温度高于200 ℃时,两介质处理间的差异达显著水平.而热处理过程中木材主要化学组成与横切面微观结构变化的差异,反映了4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理时表现出的响应差异.     

处理时间对热改性橡胶木物理力学性能的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体热改性橡胶木,分别于185℃条件下热改性处理2、3、4、5h,于200℃热改性处理1、2、3、4h,主要分析了处理时间对橡胶木热改性材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:在200℃条件下,处理时间对质量损失率、颜色的影响均较185℃更显著。在两个温度条件下,处理时间对MOE的影响均不显著。在185℃温度条件下,MOR从3h开始即无显著变化;在200℃温度条件下,MOR在前3h内无显著变化,第4h开始显著降低。     

Flexural and visual characteristics of fibre-managed plantation Eucalyptus globulus timber

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to investigate the visual characteristics, recovery rate, and flexural properties of sawn boards from a fibre-managed plantation Eucalyptus globulus resource as a potential raw material for structural building applications. The impacts of the visual characteristics, strength-reducing features, and variation in basic density and moisture content on the bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the boards were investigated. The reliabilities of different non-destructive methods in predicting MOE and MOR of the boards were evaluated, including log acoustic wave velocity measurement and numerical modellings. The MOE and MOR of the boards were significantly affected by the slope of grain, percentage of clear wood, and total number of knots in the loading zone of the boards. The normal variation in basic density significantly influenced the MOE of the boards while its effect on the MOR was insignificant. The numerical models developed using the artificial neural network (ANN) showed better accuracies in predicting the MOE and MOR of the boards than traditional multi-regression modelling and log acoustic wave velocity measurement. The ANN models developed in this study showed more than 78.5% and 79.9% success in predicting the adjusted MOE and MOR of the boards, respectively.     

广宁县竹香骨下脚料制备竹碎料刨花板及其复合改性研究

采用竹香骨下脚料为原料,以脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备竹碎料刨花板,并与木纤维复合改性,检测并分析了内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量和吸水性。结果表明,在热压温度为160℃时,竹碎料板和竹木复合碎料板的物理力学性能均满足国标规定在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。当木纤维与竹碎料复合后,复合板材的静曲强度和弹性模量有一定程度提高,但内结合强度降低。     

浸渍高温热处理改性桉木力学性能分析

以脲醛树脂作为浸渍剂,纳米SiO_2作为改性材料对速生桉木进行改性处理,以纳米SiO_2质量与脲醛树脂浸渍溶液固含量的质量比(W)、高温处理温度(H)和时间(T)作为影响因素,探究浸渍高温热处理改性对速生桉木力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:浸渍高温热处理能够提高桉木的握钉力、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量。当W为2%、H为180℃、T为4 h时,浸渍热处理桉木的径面和弦面握钉力达到了理想值;当W为1%、H为160℃、T为4 h时,浸渍热处理桉木的端面握钉力较为理想;当W为1%,H为160℃、T为2 h时,浸渍热处理桉木具有较好的抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量。     

慈竹竹帘胶合板力学性能研究

采用慈竹为原料制造竹帘胶合板,以三种不同的方式进行组坯,研究组坯方式对慈竹竹帘胶合板纵横方向静曲强度、弹性模量、压缩强度与水平剪切强度的影响。结果表明:组坯方式对胶合板的弹性模量与静曲强度影响较为显著。Ⅲ型板纵向各项力学性能最优,Ⅲ型板横向各项力学性能最弱。Ⅰ型板和Ⅱ型板的静曲强度和弹性模量均达到了汽车车厢用竹篾胶合板的A类标准。三种方式组坯板件的主要力学性能均达到了结构用竹木复合板国家A级标准与混凝土模板用胶合板主要物理力学性能指标。     

Optimization of processing variables during heat treatment of oak (Quercus mongolica) wood

The properties of oak heat treated at temperatures of 160–220 °C, oxygen concentrations of 2–10 %, steam pressures of 0.1–0.4 MPa and treatment time of 2–4 h were investigated. Although modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the heat-treated wood (HTW) were reduced, the value of $ \Updelta E^{*} $ was increased, and the dimensional stability [anti-swelling efficiency in radial (ASE-R), anti-humidity efficiency (AHE)] was improved considerably. Six regression equations (temperature, oxygen concentration, steam pressure and time as functions of MOE, MOR, ASE-R, AHE, EMC and $ \Updelta E^{*} $ ) were developed for the estimation and a nonlinear programming model was derived with operation research theory to obtain the most desirable HTW properties under some production constraints.     

Variation in wood properties among five full-sib families of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Genetic- and environmental variation and correlation patterns were characterized for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and related wood traits: latewood proportion, wood density, spiral grain, microfibril angle and lignin content in five full-sib families of Norway spruce. The families were evaluated on the basis of clearwood specimens from the juvenile -mature wood transition zone of 93 sampled trees at age 30 year from seed. Family-means varied significantly (p < 0.05) for all wood traits studied except lignin content. MOE varied between 7.9–14.1 GPa among trees and 9.4–11.0 GPa among families. MOR varied between 47–87 MPa among trees and 61–71 MPa among families. Families remained significantly different in an analysis of specific MOE (MOE/density) and MOR (MOR/density). Hence, solely relying on wood density as a wood quality trait in tree breeding would not fully yield the potential genetic gain for MOE and MOR. Correlations between wood structural traits and specific MOE and MOR are presented and discussed.     

Fresh-wood bending: linking the mechanical and growth properties of a Norway spruce stem

To provide data and methods for analyzing stem mechanics, we investigated bending, density and growth characteristics of 207 specimens of fresh wood from different heights and radial positions of the stem of one mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) tree. From the shape of each stress-strain curve, which was calculated from bending tests that accounted for shear deformation, we determined the modulus of elasticity (MOE), the modulus of rupture (MOR), the completeness of the material, an idealized stress-strain curve and the work involved in bending. In general, all mechanical properties increased with distance from the pith, with values in the ranges of 5.7-18 GPa for MOE, 23-90 MPa for MOR and 370-630 and 430-1100 kg m(-3) for dry and fresh wood densities, respectively. The first three properties generally decreased with stem height, whereas fresh wood density increased. Multiple regression equations were calculated, relating MOR, MOE and dry wood density to growth properties. We applied these equations to the growth of the entire stem and considered the annual rings as superimposed cylindrical shells, resulting in stem-section values of MOE, MOR and dry and fresh densities as a function of stem height and cambial age. The standing tree exhibits an inner stem structure that is well designed for bending, especially at a mature stage.