自然感染鸡马立克氏病的病理组织学研究

用光镜、电镜及特殊染色技术对甘肃省某鸡场 ２２ 例自然发生的马立克氏病鸡的皮肤、外周神经及主要内脏器官进行了详细的病理组织学研究。结果表明，全部２２ 例病鸡的外周神经均表现出程度不等的增生性和渗出性病变。脑水肿、软化，其血管周围有瘤细胞增生。内脏器官中的病变以血管周围大量瘤细胞增生为主，同时伴有组织发生变性坏死及被瘤细胞替代。３例 Ｍ Ｄ 病鸡除外神经和内脏病理变化外，皮肤也有明显的肿瘤病变，主要表现为肿瘤性滤泡的形成，呈典型的内脏皮肤神经混合型病变。本文还就 Ｍ Ｄ病型及病变分型等进行了探讨。     

乌骨鸡马立克氏病诊断与综合防控要点

<正> 鸡马立克氏病(简称 MD),是一种由马立克氏疱疹病毒引起的鸡淋巴细胞增生性疾病。以病鸡的外周神经,虹膜,皮肤,肌肉和各内脏器官的淋巴样细胞浸润、增生和肿瘤形成为特征,具有高度接触传染性,传播速度快,面积广,潜伏期长。乌骨鸡对马立克氏病毒非常     

硒提高雏鸡抗MDV感染能力的试验

正马立克氏病是鸡的一种淋巴组织增生性肿瘤病,其特征为外周神经淋巴样细胞浸润和增大,引起肢(翅)麻痹,以及在性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤上发生肿瘤病灶。病原为马立克氏病毒(MDV),属于疱疹病毒科禽疱疹病毒2型,是鸡重要的传染病病原,马立克氏病也是目前危害养鸡业健康发展的三大主要疫病(马立克氏病、新城疫、鸡传染性法氏囊炎)之一。马立克氏病在国内     

病理技术讲座——第二讲 鸡马立克氏病与淋巴细胞性白血病的病理诊断

一、鸡马立克氏病马立克氏病(Marek's disease)是禽(主要是鸡)的一种由B型疱疹病毒引起的肿瘤性传染病,其特征为外周神经、眼、许多内脏器官发生肿瘤性病变,瘤细胞主要是多形态的淋巴细胞。按症状和病变定位,本病通常分为神经型、眼型、内脏型三型。病理变化神经外周神经经常为臂神经丛和腰荐神     

马立克病的流行病学、临床变化及防控

马立克病是一种由马立克病病毒引发的以淋巴细胞及组织增生为特征的鸡的常见的免疫抑制性致瘤性传染病.马立克病的感染初期能够造成鸡法氏囊、胸腺和脾脏等免疫器官发生溶细胞损伤,并且伴随着虹膜、皮肤等各种器官、组织以及外周神经的单核性细胞浸润.该病的发病率和死亡率均很高,传染性极强,一旦发生可严重危害鸡群的健康和养禽业的有序发展...     

鸡马立克氏病免疫失败原因剖析

马立克氏病(MD是由疱疹病毒科细胞结合性马立克氏病病毒(MDV)引起鸡淋巴组织增生性肿瘤的一种高度接触性传染病。本病以患鸡内脏、外周神经、性腺、皮肤及眼出现肿瘤为特征。由于各组织器官肿瘤病灶的形成,不仅使残次     

鸡马立克氏病的诊断与防控

鸡马立克氏病是由马立克氏病病毒引起的一种淋巴细胞增生性传染病，通常以外周神经和包括虹膜、皮肤在内的其他各种器官和组织的单核细胞浸润为特征。目前，该病仍然严重威胁着养禽业的发展，疫苗虽然可以预防马立克氏病的发生，但免疫失败时有发生，常常导致本病的局部暴发。论文主要对该病的诊断技术及综合防控措施方面进行了综述。     

马立克氏病的研究进展及防治策略

<正>马立克氏病(marek’s disease,MD)是由疱疹病毒科的细胞结合性马立克氏病病毒(marek’s piseasevirm,MDV)引起的一种高度接触传染性、淋巴组织增生性肿瘤病。本病以患鸡内脏、外周神经、性腺、皮肤及眼出现肿瘤为特征。     

鸡马立克氏病的流行与免疫

鸡马立克氏病（MD）是由鸡马立克氏病病毒引起的鸡淋巴细胞增生性肿瘤疾病。其特点是在鸡外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤出现淋巴样细胞、单核细胞的浸润和增生及肿瘤的形成。鸡马立克氏病病毒（MDV）归属于疱疹病毒科。MDV在流行过程中经常出现变异毒株，其共同特点是毒力比一般毒株强，有极强的肿瘤性，用HVT免疫的鸡不能阻止其致瘤性。MDV分3个型，Ⅰ型为致病性强毒株及其致弱毒株，Ⅱ型为无致病性的自然弱毒株，Ⅲ型为火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT），此型病毒本非MDV，但因与鸡马立克氏病关系密切，故将其划分在马立克氏病毒型内。     

鸡马立克氏病的诊断与防控

鸡马立克氏病是由马立克氏病病毒引起的一种淋巴细胞增生性传染病，通常以外周神经和包括虹膜和皮肤在内的其他各种器官和组织的单核细胞浸润为特征。目前，仍然严重威胁着养禽业的发展，疫苗虽然可以预防马立克氏病的发生，但免疫失败时有发生，常常导致本病的局部暴发。论文主要对该病的诊断技术及综合防控措施方面进行了综述。     

Peripheral neuropathy associated with dietary riboflavin deficiency in the chicken. I. Light microscopic study

Chickens fed a riboflavin-deficient diet from hatching had leg weakness and paralysis as early as 12 days of age. Signs worsened through day 16; after 35 days, recovery was evident. Sciatic nerves from affected chickens were enlarged. Significant microscopic lesions were confined to peripheral nerves and included tissue separation (suggesting interstitial edema), Schwann cell swelling, perivascular leukocytic infiltration, and segmental demyelination accompanied by accumulation of osmiophilic debris in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Axon degeneration was present, but was not a primary lesion. Acid phosphatase enzyme activity of Schwann cells was increased in affected nerves. These results demonstrate that dietary riboflavin deficiency causes a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in young, rapidly growing chickens.     

雏鸡核黄素缺乏症的外周神经酶细胞化学

为进一步探讨核黄素缺乏时外周神经变化的发生机理,对琥珀酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、腺苷三磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶进行了酶细胞化学研究。结果表明,核黄素不足的鸡,雪旺氏细胞和轴突中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降,酸性磷酸酶活性明显升高,定位于雪旺氏细胞膜上的腺苷三磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均下降。通过对琥珀酸脱氢酶、腺苷三磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性变化的动态观察,证明轻症鸡自愈的现象以及雪旺氏细胞中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降可能是形成脱髓鞘、外周神经水肿、导致雪旺氏细胞膜上的腺苷三磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性下降的原因之一,而增生的雪旺氏细胞中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性增强则可能是修复损伤的一种代偿。腺苷三磷酸酶活性下降与神经水肿密切相关。     

Pathology of spontaneous tumour lesions in pullets and adult chickens in commercial farms - Short communication

Twenty pullets and adult chickens, aged 100 to 403 days, from several commercial chicken farms were examined by gross and histopathology. Grossly, all chickens had white-greyish masses in the visceral organs with or without enlargement of the peripheral nerves. Histopathological examination revealed Marek's disease (MD) lymphoma, lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML) in 14/20, 5/20 and 1/20 of the chickens, respectively. Lesions of the sciatic nerves in chickens diagnosed as having MD lymphoma were various. No neoplastic and/or inflammatory cells were noted in the peripheral nerves of chickens diagnosed as having LL and ML. These results indicated that MD lymphoma could also develop in older chickens; thus, microscopic examination is needed to identify MD in older chickens showing lymphocyte-derived tumours.     

Pathological aspects of Australian Stringhalt.

Nine horses with clinical signs of Australian Stringhalt were killed and tissues collected for a detailed pathological study. Lesions were limited to peripheral nerves and muscles. The most severely affected nerves were the superficial and deep peroneal, distal tibial, plantar digital, volar and recurrent laryngeal nerve with changes characterised by a selective loss of large diameter myelinated fibres with various degrees of demyelination, fibrosis, Schwann cell proliferation and onion-bulb formation. A routine evaluation of the brain and spinal cord by light microscopy failed to reveal any consistent abnormalities. Morphometric analysis of deep peroneal and recurrent laryngeal nerves confirmed the reduced number of large diameter myelinated axons. Teased fibre preparations of these nerves did not show any abnormalities in internodal distance. The most severe muscle lesions were in the long and lateral digital extensors, cranial tibial, dorsal cricoarytenoid, gracilis and lateral deep digital flexor with extensive atrophy of fibres and diffuse fibrosis. Histochemical evaluation of the long digital extensor from 3 affected horses showed an abnormally wide distribution in fibre size and a reduction in type II fibres compared with controls. These lesions are consistent with a distal axonopathy leading to neurogenic muscle atrophy. The distribution of neuromuscular lesions in Australian Stringhalt may be explained by the susceptibility of longer, larger myelinated nerve fibres to injury, but the cause for this distal axonopathy remains unknown.     

免疫鸡群自然发生马立克氏病病理学观察

2013年3月,甘肃省某鸡场50日龄鸡发生疑似马立克氏病（MD）,导致大批死亡。为进行进一步确诊和病理学研究,分别采集样品进行琼脂扩散试验和病理组织学观察。结果显示,琼脂扩散试验呈马立克氏病病毒（MDV）抗原阳性。病理学观察显示,病鸡肝、脾、肾、心等实质器官程度不等肿大,色泽变淡,甚至形成大小不等和数量不一的灰白色结节;部分病鸡坐骨神经呈单侧性不规则肿粗,弹性降低或丧失;病鸡实质器官及坐骨神经组织中均出现大量多形态的类似淋巴细胞、成淋巴细胞、浆细胞、巨噬细胞及网状细胞聚集或散在,并可见典型的MD细胞,尤其在血管周围和淋巴管周围;各型肿瘤细胞和MD细胞异型性明显,肿瘤细胞周围实质程度不等变性、坏死,间质水肿。研究证明,该鸡场鸡病为MDV感染引起的马立克氏病（MD）,病理变化主要为高异型性的淋巴样肿瘤细胞的广泛浸润,肿瘤细胞恶性程度高、增生活跃。     

鸡马立克病研究进展

鸡马立克病是由马立克病病毒引起的一种淋巴细胞增生性传染病,通常以外周神经和包括虹膜和皮肤在内的其他各种器官和组织的单核细胞浸润为特征.目前,仍然严重威胁着养禽业的发展,疫苗虽然可以预防马立克病的发生,但免疫失败时有发生,常常导致本病的局部暴发.论文对该病的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、发病机理、诊断及防控等方面进行了综述.     

Avian riboflavin deficiency: an acquired tomaculous neuropathy

The finding of tomacula, focal areas of sausage-shaped hypermyelination in peripheral nerves, is reported for the first time in avian riboflavin deficiency. Day-old, meat-type chickens were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet (1.8 mg/kg) and were killed on postnatal days 6, 11, 16, and 21, while control chickens were fed a conventional diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin. Tomacula were found in sciatic and brachial nerves from day 11 onward, became more frequent and prominent with increasing time, and preceded the onset of segmental demyelination.     

Electrophysiologic Assessment of Acute Polyradiculoneuropathy in Dogs: Comparison with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in People

Electrophysiologic investigations of motor and sensory nerve as well as ventral nerve root function were performed on 12 dogs with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuropathy (ACP) at different stages and with different severity of disease. The most reliable electrophysiologic indicators of ACP were electromyographic changes (occurring in 100% of affected dogs), significantly decreased compound muscle action potential amplitudes (in 75, 90, and 100% of affected dogs at all sites along the sciatic/tibial, radial, and ulnar nerves, respectively), increased minimum F-wave latencies (67%), increased F ratios (92%), and decreased F-wave amplitudes (67%). These findings suggest that ACP represents a peripheral motor axonopathy, with demyelination and axonal involvement also occurring in ventral nerve roots. Evidence of peripheral demyelination was present in some dogs although it was overshadowed by the prominent axonopathy. ACP more closely resembles the acute axonal or intermediate forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome in people.     

雏鸡“卷趾”麻痹症坐骨神经病变观察

１７只１日龄肉用小公鸡,饲喂低水平核黄素日粮（１．６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,于２２－２３日龄间有２９．４％出现其型的“卷趾”麻痹症状。光镜观察,坐骨神经纤维雪旺氏细胞肿大、增生、酸性磷酶活性增强和髓鞘变性。严重病例的坐骨神经显著肿大,神经纤维分离,间质水肿和炎性细胞浸润。电镜观察,坐骨神经有髓神经纤维的髓鞘扭曲、分层、破碎、形成同心圆层状小体,神经轴膜与髓鞘分离形成间和神经轴索变形。雪旺氏细胞胞浆中见同心     

猪外周血T淋巴细胞增殖反应MTT检测方法的建立

T细胞增殖反应是宿主T细胞识别病原的结果,也是宿主细胞免疫应答的重要指标之一。为了便于检测猪群在病原感染或者疫苗免疫过程中产生的细胞免疫应答,本研究应用MTT法建立了体外检测猪外周血T细胞增殖反应的研究方法。通过密度梯度离心法从外周血分离得到外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）,然后利用单核细胞和淋巴细胞不同的生长特性（贴壁与否）,弃掉贴壁的单核细胞,获得外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)。外周血淋巴细胞的流式分析结果显示,分离获得的PBL中T细胞所占比例达到了80%以上。应用MTT法分析了非特异性刺激物刀豆蛋白A（ConA）的浓度和细胞培养密度对T细胞增殖的影响。结果显示,ConA的工作浓度为5 μg/mL、细胞培养密度为2×106/mL时T细胞的增殖反应最强烈。本研究所建立的猪外周血T细胞增殖反应检测法可以为研究猪针对病原或疫苗的细胞免疫反应提供参考。