Study on Absorption Law of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium and Proper Nitrogen Application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under No-tillage Cultivation

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N,P and K,and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage,thirdly the tillering stage; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage,during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently,N fertilizer should be applied earlier (before jointing stage),P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm2,the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm2.     

Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain

With increasing water shortage resources and extravagant nitrogen application, there is an urgent need to optimize irrigation regimes and nitrogen management for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain(NCP). A 4-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation levels(W1, irrigation once at jointing stage; W2, irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stage; W3, irrigation once at jointing, once at heading, and once at filling stage; 60 mm each irrigation) and four N fertilizer rates(N0, 0; N1, 100 kg N ha~(-1); N2, 200 kg N ha~(-1); N3, 300 kg N ha~(-1)) on wheat yield, water use efficiency, fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and economic benefits. The results showed that wheat yield under W2 condition was similar to that under W3, and greater than that under W1 at the same nitrogen level. Yield with the N1 treatment was higher than that with the N0 treatment, but not significantly different from that obtained with the N2 and N3 treatments. The W2 N1 treatment resulted in the highest water use and fertilizer agronomic efficiencies. Compared with local traditional practice(W3 N3), the net income and output-input ratio of W2 N1 were greater by 12.3 and 19.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that two irrigation events of 60 mm each coupled with application of 100 kg N ha~(–1) is sufficient to provide a high wheat yield during drought growing seasons in the NCP.     

Evolution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates in Cotton Fields and lts lnfluences on Cotton Yield in the Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer management strate-gy in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation among N, P and K fertilizer application rate and lint cotton yield with the dataset of national cotton regional trials of the Yangtze River Val ey during 1991-2013. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis method was used to reveal the evolution of the fertilizer applying patterns, and analyze the effects of N, P, K application rates on cotton lint yield. [Result] The application rates of N, P and K fertilizer presented highly significant positive corre-lation with lint cotton yield, among which the potassium fertilizer was the strongest relative factor with lint cotton yield, fol owed by phosphorus fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer was the weakest factor. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was relat-ed with the test year in the pattern of a quadratic function, while phosphate and potassium had progressive increase linear relation with the test year in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. Meanwhile, cotton lint yield was in re-sponse to nitrogen fertilizer content increase with a quadratic parabola function, and increased with the applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer content with linearly increasing function. [Conclusion] The increasing application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was general y beneficial to cotton yield improvements, however, ex-orbitant applying nitrogen fertilizer was unfavorable for cotton production, and a reasonable mixture formula of N, P and K fertilizer was better in terms of cotton yield-increasing effect.     

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Leaf Gas Exchange in Naked Oat

Naked oat（Avena nuda L.） was originated from China,where soil nitrogen（N） is low availability.The responses of chlorophyll（Chl.） fluorescence parameters and leaf gas exchange to N application were analysed in this study.After the N application rate ranged from 60 to 120 kg ha-1,variable fluorescence（F v）,the maximal fluorescence（F m）,the maximal photochemical efficiency（F v /F m）,quantum yield（Φ PS II） of the photosynthetic system II（PS II）,electron transport rate（ETR）,and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP） increased with N application level,however,non-photochemical quenching coefficient（qN） decreased.Moreover,there was no difference in initial fluorescence（F o） with further more N enhancement.The maximum net photosynthetic rate（P max）,apparent dark respiration rate（R d） and light saturation point（LSP） were improved with 40-56 kg N ha-1as basal fertilizer and 24-40 kg N ha-1as top dressing fertilizer applied at jointing stage.Initial quantum yield（α） was decreased with 24 kg N ha-1as basal fertilizer and 56 kg N ha-1as top dressing fertilizer.Flag-leaf net photosynthetic rate（P n） was significantly enhanced at the jointing and heading stages with 40-56 kg N ha-1as basal fertilizer; in addition,increased at grain filling stage of naked oat with 40-56 kg N ha-1as top dressing fertilizer.90 kg N ha-1（50-70% as basal fertilizer and 30-50% as top dressing fertilizer） application is recommended to alleviate photodamage of photosystem and improve the photosynthetic rate in naked oat.     

Effects of Film－Degraded Rice Controlled Release Fertilizer on the Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of the Hybrid Rice

Field experiment was carded out to nitrogen release characteristics of rice controlled release fertilizer (RCRF) coated with natural and half natural high molecular materials, and to thereof effects on the nitrogen uptake and yield of early and late hybrid rice from 1999 to 2000, with urea as control.In experimental fields regardless of early and late seasons, the amount of N in the plants increased exponentially at the early growth stage (y=ab^x) and nonlinearly at the middle and late growth stages(y=a bx cx^2).Rice controlled release fertilizer lengthened the exponential phase and increased the parameter -b/c during the nonlinear phase. Although the N amount of plants was less in rice controlled release fertilizer plots than in urea plots within 20 days after transplanting, at the heading and maturity stages, the N amount of plants in rice controlled release fertilizer plots was above two times greater than in the urea plots due to the higher N recovery, and the high absorption density of N in the nonlinear phase. Tillers pattern and achievement of the maximum filleting stage varied with fertilizer types. The maximum tillering stage in the urea plots occurred a week earlier than in the rice controlled release fertilizer plots. Yield sink size and potential sink size of the plants reflected the N absorption pattern and the amount of N in the plants. The yields of early and late rice with 90 kg N ha^-1 of rice controlled release fertilizer were respectively increased by 832.7 kg ha-1 and 412.8 kg ha-1 than those with 90 kg N ha^-1 of urea, almost equivalent to the yield of early and late hybrid rice with 180 kg N ha^-1 of urea.     

Water Consumption and Maize Yield for Alternative Furrow Irrigation in Western Heilongjiang Province

Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the water consumption law and its influence on maize yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the heading stage and the highest daily consumption of water was during the filling stage. The stimulation effect of alternative furrow irrigation on yield was obvious in the appropriate irrigation level. The best irrigation pattern for the highest yield was as follows： the seedling stage was 325 m3. hm^-2; the jointing stage was 400 m3-hm^-2; and the filling stage was 288 m3- hm-2. The water consumption during each growing period was that the seedling was 38.85 mm; the jointing was 108.11 mm; the heading was 124.39 ram; the filling was 88.96 ram; the milk was 60.21 ram; and the harvesting was 47.89 mm.     

Yield Effect of Chemical and Soil Nitrogen on the Mid-season and Ratooning Hybrid Rice

Using hybrid rice Yixiang1577 as the material, the mid-season and ratooning hybrid rice yield variation was studied in Southem Sichuan at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that rice yield by using N fertilizer increased to the most significant level than no fertilizer ones, and the mid-season rice and rice yield by using more N fertilizer increased to the significant level than less fertilizer ones. The rice yield by using no fertilizer ones increased to the most significant level than some used fertilizer, and the ratooning rice and rice yield by using more N fertilizer decreased to the most significant level than less fertilizer ones. The rice yield by using some fertilizer increased to the most significant level than no fertilizer ones for mid-season＋rationing rice and rice yield by using some fertilizer had no obvious differences at different nitrogen levels. Therefore, application of fertilizer can improve yield of mid-season rice and mid-season＋rationing rice. Soil test results showed that nutrient contents in rice field in South Sichuan were very rich in nitrogen, which could provide more adequate crop growth potential soil nitrogen nutrition. The crops with a deep root system had stronger ability of utilization on soil nitrogen. Therefore, the ratooning rice used no or little N fertilizer had a high yield performance because they made full use of soil nitrogen with deep root system.     

Effect of side deep placement of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of single season late japonica rice

Side deep placement of nitrogen plays an important role in improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Few studies have examined the effects of reducing the times of nitrogen(RTN) application and reducing the nitrogen rate(RNR) of application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side deep placement of nitrogen in paddy fields. Therefore, a field experiment of RNT and RNR treatments was conducted with nine fertilization modes during the 2018–2019 rice growing seasons in a rice–wheat cropping system of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were investigated under side deep placement of nitrogen. We found that under the same nitrogen application rate, the yield of RTN3 increased by 9.64 and 10.18% in rice varieties NJ9108 and NJ5718, respectively, compared with the farmers' fertilizer practices(FFP). The nitrogen accumulation of RTN3 was the highest at heading stage, at 11.30 t ha–1 across 2018 and 2019. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the N agronomic use efficiency(NAE), N physiological efficiency(NPE) and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of RTN3 were 8.1–21.28%, 8.51–41.76% and 0.28–14.52% higher than those of the other fertilization modes, respectively. RNR led to decreases in SPAD value, leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency. These results suggest that RTN3 increased rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the side deep placement of nitrogen, and RNR1 could achieve the goals of saving cost and increasing resource use efficiency. Two fertilization modes RTN3 and RNR1 both could achieve the dual goals of increasing grain yield and resource use efficiency and thus are worth further application and investigation.     

Effect of Alkali Stress on Soluble Sugar, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Oat

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.     

Effects of Mg on C and N Metabolism of Soybean at Different Nitrogen Supplying Levels

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of magnesium on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of soybean at different nitrogen supplying levels. The results showed that the effects of magnesium at low nitrogen rate on N content, soluble protein, soluble sugar contents were not alike at different growth stage, although nodule dry weights raised, the yield and protein content of seeds decreased, however, the oil content was improved. The application of magnesium at medium and high nitrogen supplying levels promoted the uptake of N effectively, increased the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents, but the nodule dry weights of application magnesium at medium nitrogen supplying level decreased and the yield increased only a little despite the improved quality. Application of magnesium at high nitrogen supplying level raised nodule dry weights and soybean yield significantly, the quality of seeds was also improved.     

Study on Absorption Law of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Proper Nitrogen Application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under No-tillage Culti- vation

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxian-gyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N, P and K, and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuauxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient ab-sorption in Chuunxiangyon 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage, thirdly the filleting stage; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyon 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage, during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently, N fertilizer should be applied earlier (before jointing stage), P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at esdy-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm2, the optimal N application amount in Chunnxiangyon 9838 was about 165 kg/hm2.     

免耕条件下川香优9838氮磷钾吸收规律与氮肥合理施用

笔者于2005～2006年开展免耕条件下不同施氮量对川香优9838生长及产量形成的影响研究,探讨川香优9838在免耕条件下对N、P2O5、K20的吸收及氮肥的管理技术措施。     

免耕条件下川香优9838氮磷钾吸收规律与氮肥合理施用研究

在四川稻-油轮作制的免耕条件下,川香优9838不同生育期吸收养分的总量差异较大。氮（N）在整个生育期以拔节期的吸收量为最高;其次是成熟期,第三是分蘖期;对磷的吸收从苗期至成熟期表现为小幅持续升高;对钾的吸收主要集中在拔节期到抽穗期,占了全生育期吸收量的73．4％。在土壤养分管理上,川香优9838的氮肥施用宜早,主要在拔节期前。如果水稻在抽穗后土壤供氮不足,应考虑追施粒肥以保证高产优质。磷肥宜作底肥施用。如遇保肥能力很差的沙质土壤或对磷固定能力很强的强酸性／强碱性的土壤,在磷肥施用上则需要分次施用,保证中后期的磷素供应。钾肥的施用应主要在前中期。如遇土壤质地较轻,也可在抽穗期补施少量K肥。免耕栽培川香优9838产量为11t／hm^2时的最适施氮量为165kg左右。     

施磷对苏打盐碱土区水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响

为解决吉林省中西部水稻主产区水稻合理施用磷肥问题,通过连续2年(2014—2015)田间试验,研究了不同施磷(P2O5)量(0,40,80,120,160 kg/hm~2)条件下水稻产量、养分吸收、转运及分配的变化。结果表明:施磷量为40~120 kg/hm~2时,水稻产量随着施磷量的增加而增加,当磷肥用量增加至160 kg/hm~2时水稻产量下降。根据水稻产量(y)和施磷量(x)拟合,得出2014年和2015年最佳施磷量分别为111.3 kg/hm~2和102.3 kg/hm~2,施用磷肥可显著增加水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,且能提高水稻抽穗期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒的转运,施磷量为40~120 kg/hm~2时抽穗期各养分积累量与子粒转运量呈正相关,当磷肥用量增加至160 kg/hm~2,氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运出现负效应。相关分析表明,除返青期外,水稻其他生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,并且氮、磷、钾吸收与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,其中灌浆期氮、磷、钾的吸收与产量间的相关系数最大。综合考虑施磷水稻的产量、养分吸收及稻株氮、磷、钾吸收与产量关系间的表现,适宜磷肥用量应控制在102.3~111.3 kg/hm~2范围内较为适宜。     

秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤活性碳氮动态变化的影响

【目的】土壤微生物量碳氮和水溶性有机碳氮是土壤中最活跃的碳氮组分,是衡量土壤碳氮周转与养分有效性的重要指标。探讨秸秆配施氮肥、氮肥用量及基追比例对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮、水溶性有机碳氮、易氧化有机碳和速效氮的影响,明确秸秆还田条件下水稻生长季不同氮肥用量与基追比的土壤活性碳氮变化特征,为稻麦轮作区秸秆还田的氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】2012—2015年在湖北省荆门市田间试验中设置施氮量、秸秆配施氮肥和施氮时期3个大田试验。施氮量：不施氮（N0）,推荐施氮（165 kg·hm ^-2,N165）,习惯施氮（195 kg·hm ^-2,N195）;秸秆配施氮肥：秸秆移除（CK）,秸秆还田（移栽前将上季小麦秸秆全部还田,S）,秸秆还田+习惯施氮量（SN）,秸秆还田+推荐施氮量（SF）,秸秆还田+推荐施氮量+腐解菌剂（SM）;施氮时期：基施﹕拔节期﹕抽穗期氮肥施用比例为7﹕3﹕0（R1）,5﹕3﹕2（R2）,10﹕0﹕0（R3）。【结果】秸秆还田+习惯施氮量（SN）显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）含量,但是其成熟期水溶性有机碳含量（DOC）显著降低。秸秆还田+推荐施氮量（SF）显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤水溶性有机氮含量（DON）。腐解菌剂的施用显著降低了水稻成熟期DON含量,拔节期易氧化有机碳含量（ROC）也显著降低。秸秆还田下增加氮肥用量显著提高了水稻抽穗期和灌浆期土壤速效氮含量（AN）;推荐施氮处理（165 kg N·hm ^-2）的DON和AN含量显著升高;农民习惯施氮处理（195 kg N·hm ^-2）降低了DON和AN含量;增加追施氮肥比例对土壤SMBC和DOC含量无明显影响,但提高了水稻拔节期SMBN和ROC含量。【结论】施氮量及其基追比是影响秸秆还田下稻田土壤活性碳氮含量的主要因素,合理配施氮肥能提高土壤微生物量碳、速效氮及水溶性有机氮等活性碳氮组分含量,增加追肥比例也能提高水稻生育期内土壤活性碳氮含量。     

重庆冬水田地区杂交水稻的高效施氮策略

为提高以重庆为代表的西南丘陵山区冬水田水稻的单产水平及氮肥的利用率,实现区域水稻高产高效和生态友好等目标。笔者以大面积水稻生产代表品种‘渝香203’为材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了氮肥施用量与施用方式对水稻抽穗—成熟期生物产量积累与分配、氮素利用率及稻谷产量的影响。研究结果表明：水稻生物产量、氮积累总量以及稻谷产量均随施氮量增加而增加。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于水稻的生物产量积累和合理分配,在中氮处理(10 kg/666.7 m2)采用底肥:穗肥=5:5 的施氮方式下,水稻茎鞘输出率和转换率均较高,分别达到56.59%和48.59%。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高氮农学利用效率和表观利用率,适宜的施氮比例受施氮量的影响而不同。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高水稻的穗平实粒数、结实率和千粒重,实现大穗高产。兼顾稻谷产量与氮肥高效,重庆冬水田地区杂交水稻的高效施氮策略为纯氮10 kg/666.7 m2,且采用底肥:穗肥=6:4 或5:5 的施氮方式。稻谷实际产量为9910.68~9940.62 kg/hm2,平均产量为9925.65 kg/hm2。     

播期密度及氮肥运筹方式对冬小麦籽粒产量的影响

通过不同播期、播种密度和氮肥运筹方式对不同冬小麦品种籽粒产量及构成因子影响的研究,探讨了通过调控播期、密度及氮肥运筹方式实现不同品种丰产高效的可能性。试验结果表明,播期、播种密度和氮肥运筹方式均显著影响小麦产量及产量构成因子,播期以10/15￣10/22最为适宜,播种密度以120万/km2￣240万/km2为宜,氮肥运筹方式以N210(3:5:2)最好,其次为N210(5:5)。保证供试小麦品种实现9000kg/hm2产量的高产途径为主茎和分蘖并重,适宜的产量结构为:4:4:4,即亩有效穗数39.4￣44.4万,穗粒数35.3￣40.0,千粒重40.2￣45.8g。     

施肥量和留苗密度对谷子杂交种张杂谷8号产量及主要农艺性状的影响

为解决部分谷子杂交种＂库＂、＂源＂失调,生育后期易脱肥,产量潜力得不到充分发挥的问题,以张杂谷8号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,其中,主处理为施肥量,设6个水平（拔节期沟施KCl150 kg/hm2＋尿素75 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素150 kg/hm2;拔节期沟施KCl 150 kg/hm2＋尿素75 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素225 kg/hm2;拔节期沟施KCl 150 kg/hm2＋尿素75 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素300 kg/hm2;拔节期沟施KCl 225 kg/hm2＋尿素150 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素150 kg/hm2;拔节期沟施KCl 225 kg/hm2＋尿素150 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素225 kg/hm2;拔节期沟施KCl 225 kg/hm2＋尿素150 kg/hm2,抽穗前沟施尿素300 kg/hm2）;副处理为留苗密度,设5个水平（22.50万株/hm2、26.25万株/hm2、30.00万株/hm2、33.75万株/hm2、37.50万株/hm2）。研究不同施肥量与留苗密度对张杂谷8号主要农艺性状和产量的影响,旨为建立谷子杂交种夏播高产栽培技术体系奠定基础。结果表明：施肥量对穗长和穗直径有显著影响,对产量有极显著影响,对株高和单位面积穗数影响不大;留苗密度对穗长、穗直径、单位面积穗数和产量有极显著影响,对株高影响不大。在相同密度条件下,随着施肥量的增加,谷子穗长、穗直径和产量增加;在相同施肥量条件下,随着留苗密度的增加,穗长和穗直径减小,单位面积穗数和产量增加,其中密度在30.00万～37.50万株/hm2范围内对产量影响不显著。综合施肥和密度互作试验产量结果,认为在冀中南夏播最利于发挥张杂谷8号产量潜力的栽培方式为：在30.00万～37.50万株/hm2留苗密度下,拔节期施KCl225 kg/hm2＋尿素150 kg/hm2、抽穗前施尿素225 kg/hm2。     

不同时期追施不同量氮肥对陕南地区稻茬田小麦产量的影响

[目的]研究陕南小麦氮肥追施最佳时间和最佳用量,为陕南地区小麦生产中氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据。[方法]以汉麦6号为供试品种,分别在冬灌期、拔节期进行1次或2次追施氮肥,通过产量及其构成要素和经济系数等指标,研究不同施用时间和不同纯氮施用量对小麦产量的影响。[结果]同等纯氮施用量下,1次追肥,以拔节期追肥效果最好,其中,追施纯氮69.00 kg/hm2时,产量最高,达8 751.90 kg/hm2,其次为追施纯氮103.50 kg/hm2时,产量为8 623.20 kg/hm2;当纯氮施用量高于69.00 kg/hm2时,拔节期1次追肥效果优于冬灌拔节2次追肥。追施纯氮34.50 kg/hm2时,2次追施的小麦产量高于拔节期1次追施。[结论]拔节期1次追施纯氮69.00 kg/hm2时,小麦产量最高,效益最好。