比格犬MC3R和MC4R基因多态性与体重相关性的研究

犬体重是重要的经济性状,为探讨犬MC3R和MC4R基因多态性与犬体重性状的关系,本研究利用PCR-R FLP、AS-PCR方法对120只比格犬MC4R基因T101N位点,MC3R基因的A167T位点,G291A位点的不同基因型与体重的关系进行最小二乘分析、结果表明:对于MC4R基因NN基因型的比格犬体重显著高于其他2个基因型(P<0.05),而MC3R基因中TT和AA基因型的比格犬体重则显著高于其他2个基因型(P<0.05)。在MC4R基因型一致时,NNTT和NNAA基因型的犬体重显著高于其他合并基因型(P<0.01),NNTTAA合并基因型的犬体重最高,MMAAGG基因型犬体重最低。实验结果表明,MC3R和MC4R基因可以作为犬体型的候选基因,可筛选MC3R和MC4R合并基因型的犬用于培育不同体重的犬。     

MC3R和MC4R基因多态性位点与犬体型性状的关系

为了探讨犬MC3R和MC4R基因多态性与体质量等体型性状的关系,本研究利用PCR-RFLP、AS-PCR方法对已培育的北方实验用犬MC3R基因A167T,MC4R基因T101N多态性位点与体质量、体长、身高、胸围等体型指标的关系进行分析.结果显示,这2个多态性位点的基因型与犬的体质量、胸围和体质量指数(BMI)等呈显著性相关.另外,方差分析显示MC3R和MC4R合并基因型对体质量、胸围和体质量指数影响显著,MC3R和MC4R基因对体型性状的影响有协同作用.结果表明,MC3R、MC4R基因可以作为犬体型性状的候选基因,可选不同MC3R和MC4R合并基因型的犬用于培育小型或大型实验用犬.     

新发现的两个犬黑素皮质素受体-4缺失突变的探讨

目的：克隆犬黑素皮质素受体-4（Melanocortin-4 receptor，MC4R）基因片段，寻找其多态性位点。方法：根据犬、人和鼠等的MC4R基因序列，设计MC4R基因特异PCR引物。提取：本地犬基因组DNA，PCR扩增MC4R基因部分片段，回收纯化，连接载体，转化入感受态细胞，扩大培养。质粒酶切鉴定后，送测序公司测序。结果：本地犬MC4R基因片段有2处A碱基缺失突变。结论：本地犬中存在MC4R基因的多态性。本实验的MC4R两处缺失突变可能影响转录而引起：MC4R基因功能的改变。     

罗威纳杂交犬MC4R基因多态性与体重体尺的相关性研究

为了探讨黑素皮质素受体4(melanoeortin receptor-4,MC4R)基因多态性对罗威纳杂交犬生长性状的影响,以罗威纳杂交犬混合DNA为模板,对MC4R基因进行PCR扩增,扩增产物直接测序筛选多态性位点。结果发现3个碱基颠换,分别是154 bp处T/C、755 bp处G/T及895 bp处T/C颠换,其中895 bp处T/C颠换存在于ApaⅠ酶切位点内,以此建立了基于ApaⅠ的PCR-RFLP检测方法,并对67只罗威纳杂交犬进行检测分析。结果表明,在受检罗威纳杂交犬中检测到AA(0.104)、AB(0.493)和BB(0.403)3种基因型,AB基因型体重显著高于BB基因型,AA、AB基因型胸围极显著高于BB基因型。可以考虑将MC4R基因作为犬体重、体尺性状选择的候选基因。     

大白猪MC4R、CDC16基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high resolution melt,HRM)分型方法检测大白猪黑素皮质素受体(melanocortin-4 receptor,MC4R)和细胞分裂周期蛋白16(cell division cycle 16,CDC16)基因的多态性,并对其与大白猪的生长性状进行关联性分析。试验共采集246头大白猪的耳组织样提取基因组DNA,对小群体样本进行PCR扩增后,通过测序方法寻找两个基因在该群体中的多态性位点,针对已发现的多态性位点设计HRM专用引物,利用HRM方法对大群体进行多态性检测,将所得结果与大白猪生长性状进行关联性分析。结果表明,在MC4R基因序列中检测到1个突变位点2207A>G,2个等位基因:A和G,3个基因型:AA、AG和GG;在CDC16基因第18外显子上检测到了1个突变位点837T>C,2个等位基因:T和C,2种基因型:TT和CT。χ~2适合性检验结果显示,2个基因的基因型频率和等位基因频率在2个种群中分布差异不显著,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,MC4R基因在2个群体中均处于中度多态(0.25相似文献   

大白猪MC4R、CDC16基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high resolution melt,HRM)分型方法检测大白猪黑素皮质素受体(melanocortin-4 receptor,MC4R)和细胞分裂周期蛋白16(cell division cycle 16,CDC16)基因的多态性,并对其与大白猪的生长性状进行关联性分析。试验共采集246头大白猪的耳组织样提取基因组DNA,对小群体样本进行PCR扩增后,通过测序方法寻找两个基因在该群体中的多态性位点,针对已发现的多态性位点设计HRM专用引物,利用HRM方法对大群体进行多态性检测,将所得结果与大白猪生长性状进行关联性分析。结果表明,在MC4R基因序列中检测到1个突变位点2207AG,2个等位基因:A和G,3个基因型:AA、AG和GG;在CDC16基因第18外显子上检测到了1个突变位点837TC,2个等位基因:T和C,2种基因型:TT和CT。χ~2适合性检验结果显示,2个基因的基因型频率和等位基因频率在2个种群中分布差异不显著,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,MC4R基因在2个群体中均处于中度多态(0.25PIC0.5),而CDC16基因在2个群体中均处于低度多态(PIC0.25)。关联分析结果发现,MC4R基因对大白猪体重及日增重具有显著影响(P0.05),CDC16基因对大白猪体高、体长和体重等均具有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,MC4R与CDC16基因对大白猪的生长发育具有一定的影响,为后续大白猪肉质性状与生长性状的现代分子选育提供参考。     

鸡MC3R基因多态性与体重和体组成性状的相关研究

研究将鸡黑素皮质素受体3(MC3R)基因作为影响鸡体重和体组成性状的候选基因,以东北农业大学肉鸡高、低脂双向选择品系第六、七、八世代为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP和测序方法检测了MC3R基因编码区的多态性位点,并分析了MC3R基因多态性对鸡体重的影响。结果在MC3R基因编码区发现了一个C273T单碱基突变,此多态性位点对第六世代和第八世代两个群体的7周龄体重和屠体重有显著影响。结果可为后续肉鸡体重性状的分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。     

余姚市特种獭兔黑素皮质素受体11(MC1R)基因与毛色表型的研究

目的:研究MC1R基因多态性与獭兔毛色的关系。方法:本试验根据NCBI数据库家兔MC1R基因的编码序列设计引物,利用PCR技术,对余姚兔场的16个獭兔MC1R基因外显子进行克隆测序,得到外显子基因编码序列,并测序;运用Clustal X2、Bioedit等软件对序列进行比对,对MC1R基因进行多态性分析和比较。结论:海狸色、黑色獭兔在MC1R基因扩增片段2上存在A→G碱基突变,这个位点具有成为獭兔毛色性状分子遗传标记的可能性。     

鸽黑素皮质素受体4基因多态性与生长性状及体组成的相关研究

通过比对GenBank中鸡、鹅黑素皮质素受体4（MC4R,melanocortin receptor）基因DNA序列,找出保守序列设计引物,克隆了鸽的MC4R基因编码区985bp序列,与鹅、鸡、短尾猊、北极狐和犬类的同源性分别为94%、94%、91%、84%和84%。利用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序方法检测两群体鸽MC4R基因编码区序列的单核苷酸多态性,共检测出两个多态位点,最小二乘分析表明,T933C基因型对肉鸽群体活重、屠体重、全净膛有显著影响（P＜0.05）,对野生鸽群体生长性状无影响（P＞0.2）,多重比较显示,该位点AA基因型个体的活重、屠体重、全净膛显著高于BB基因型个体（P＜0.05）。MC4R基因可能是影响鸽生长性状和体组成的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁。     

野猪和家猪MC4R基因的分子扫描及两个变异位点的PCR-RFLP分析

黑素皮质素受体4是在人类肥胖研究中发现的重要调节因子,参与调节动物的体重、采食量和能量稳态。猪MC4R基因第7跨膜结构功能域的一个高度保守区内的错义突变(G→A)与脂肪性状相关显著。本研究对野猪、民猪、大白猪MC4R基因进行克隆测序,寻找新的多态位点;并对其中的HindⅢ和ClaⅠ位点的突变进行了酶切多态性分析,建立了基于限制性内切酶HindⅢ和ClaⅠ的MC4R基因型的PCR-RFLP分子检测方法。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.