几种防腐剂处理尾叶桉,湿地松和马尾松木材的室内促进试验

对马尾松、湿地松和尾叶桉３种木材用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３种防腐剂处理,通过室内促进试验测得各种防腐剂使用量的临界值,结果表明,３种木材的天然耐腐性均属不耐腐或易腐烂等级,经防腐剂处理后,木材的防腐效果较好,且Ａ防腐剂较Ｂ、Ｃ为好。试验结果可为实际处理生产工艺的制定及预测防腐剂的处理效果提供参考。     

尾巨桉、马占相思和马尾松人工林的土壤肥力比较

通过改进的内梅罗(Nemerow)综合指数对尾巨桉、马占相思、马尾松三种人工林的土壤肥力进行了综合评价,结果表明三种人工林A层土壤肥力综合指标值是尾巨桉>马占相思>马尾松,B层土壤肥力综合指标值是马占相思>马尾松>尾叶桉。综合分析表明尾巨桉林、马尾松林和马占相思林土壤肥力相差不大。     

短周期桉树与相思人工林木材处理性及浸注性研究

通过测定４－９年生的桉树和马占相思木材密度，并用５％ＣＣＢ防腐剂以常温常压浸泡法，热冷槽法及劳菜空细胞加压进行防腐处理，再测定处理材的防腐吸收量及渗透深度来评估木材的处理性及浸注性，结果表明，１．速生人工林的赤桉，尾叶桉，马占相思木材属较难处理性木材；２．ＣＣＢ防腐剂对桉树和马占相思木材有浸注性较好，硼渗透较深且均匀，铜较浅．３．可用热冷槽法和加压法对木材进行防腐处理，这有利于药剂的渗透及提高工效     

硼防腐剂与涂料复配处理木材的抗流失性能研究

文章研究了SGB硼防腐剂处理的马尾松试材经环保型水溶性涂料（WAQ）、天然植物油涂料（TRQ）及木材用户外涂料（KJQ）分别处理后的硼流失性能。结果表明硼防腐处理材经涂料再次处理后试件的抗流失性能均有改善,其中效果最好的是TRQ涂料,它与SGB共同处理的试件比单用SGB防腐剂处理的试件硼的抗流失率平均提高了36.5个百分点。     

环保防腐剂处理木材的耐腐性能研究

以马尾松为研究对象,分别采用铜唑和季铵铜(ACQ)两种环保型防腐剂处理木材,研究不同防腐剂对木材耐腐性能的影响。结果表明:两种防腐剂处理的木材耐腐等级为强耐腐,防腐效果显著;铜唑防腐剂浓度和成本较低,可推广应用于古建筑及传统民居木构件防护工程。     

杉木等几种人工林凋落物持水特性研究

对粤西、粤北杉木、马尾松、湿地松、马占相思、尾叶桉、黎蒴和毛竹等7种主要人工林凋落物的持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行测定。结果表明,马占相思、尾叶桉、黎蒴、湿地松、毛竹、马尾松和杉木的凋落物最大持水率分别为284.74%、253.36%、236.47%、226.06%、212.06%、187.68%和181.16%,树种间差异较大。凋落物持水量和持水率均随浸泡时间增加呈对数方程W=a＋blnt增加。7种林分凋落物的吸水速率在浸泡0.5-1.5 h时均为马占相思〉尾叶桉〉湿地松〉毛竹〉黎蒴〉马尾松〉杉木,各林分凋落物吸水速率WA随浸泡时间t的延长呈方程WA=a.t^-b下降。马占相思凋落物水源涵养能力最强,杉木最弱,阔叶树大于针叶树。     

尾叶桉与马占相思不同混交处理对林分生长的影响

对尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophulla)与马占相思(Acacia mangium)不同混交处理3a生林分生长调查结果表明:在相同密度1727株/hm2时,尾叶桉纯林的平均胸径、树高、单株材积分别为9.27cm,14.50m,0.0514m3,尾叶桉与马占相思以1∶1.6比例混交,尾叶桉的胸径、树高、单株材积分别为13.50cm,15.97m,0.1098m3,比纯林高45.6%,10.1%,113.6%;纯林和混交林林分每公顷蓄积分别为88.83m3和98.00m3,混交林比纯林高10.3%。尾叶桉与马占相思不同混交处理林木胸径、树高、材积生长及径高比均有显著差异。     

ACQ对尾巨桉表面颜色及耐腐性能的影响研究

研究了氨溶性季铵铜(ACQ)防腐剂对尾巨桉表面颜色及防腐性能的影响。结果表明：经ACQ浸渍后，尾巨桉木材的明度L*、红绿轴色品指数a*、黄蓝轴色品指数b*和色度值C均显著降低。经浓度为2%、4%和8%的ACQ浸渍处理后，尾巨桉对绵腐卧孔菌(PV)均达到了Ⅰ级耐腐水平。经8%的ACQ浸渍处理后，尾巨桉对彩绒革盖菌(CV)也达到Ⅰ级耐腐水平。SEM测试进一步确认了较高浓度的ACQ更有利于提高尾巨桉的耐腐性。FT-IR结果表明，ACQ与尾巨桉木材中的木质素和半纤维素发生了结合。该研究对尾巨桉的耐腐性改良具有重要意义。     

尾叶桉马占相思混交林对土壤养分影响的研究

对建立在广西合浦县山口林场、广西钦州市三十六曲林场和广西武鸣县朝燕林场的尾叶桉(Eucalyptusurophylla)、窿缘桉(E．exserta)、马占相思(Acncia mangium)纯林以及尾叶桉马占相思混交林的凋落物量及其养分含量和土壤养分等因素进行研究，结果表明：(1)马占相思林地土壤养分元素含量大于尾叶桉和窿缘桉林地土壤养分元素含量，马占相思造林后土壤的养分元素含量提高的幅度较大；(2)混交林的凋落物量大于尾叶桉、马占相思纯林，凋落物大部分养分元素含量比尾叶桉纯林的高，P、K、Mg等少部分元素含量也高于马占相思；另外，凋落物的全量N、P和速效B含量分别与土壤的全量N、P和速效B含量有显著的正相关关系。(3)混交林能有效增加土壤养分元素含量，提高土壤肥力，混交造林3年后土壤全量N、P、K以及速效B和Mg元素含量分别增加29．5％、77．3％、5．3％、6．7％、60％。(4)混交林土壤养分元素含量高于尾叶桉纯林，3年后全量N、P、K与速效B和Mg元素及有机质的含量比尾叶桉纯林分别高出5．2％～87．0％、19．6％～56．7％、7．7％～54．2％、25％～128．6％、12．5％～33．3％、9．5％。部分养分元素含量高于马占相思纯林。(5)比例不同的混交林对土壤养分的影响不同，作用较大的尾叶桉与马占相思混交比例是1：2或1：1。     

香港人工林改造对林下植物自然更新 和物种多样性的早期影响

人工林在保护香港自然环境起着重要作用,但绝大多数人工林为纯林,生态系统较为脆弱。人工林的改造对于增加林地生物多样性、提升人工林的生态服务功能具有重要意义。研究选取20 a 生的尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）林和马占相思（Acacia mangium）林进行间伐套种处理,套种密度为1665株／hm2;以不间伐林分为对照,比较间伐套种后林分的物种多样性及套种树种的生长表现。结果表明,间伐＋套种3 a后,与未间伐林分相比,尾叶桉间伐林分植物的科、属和种数分别增加了78．6％、116．7％和100％,马占相思间伐林分相反。DCA 分析结果显示,群落中灌木层和草本层物种主要聚集在尾叶桉间伐林分,马占相思未间伐林分物种数次之。与未间伐相比,间伐＋套种措施显著提高了尾叶桉林乔木层 Shannon-Wiener 指数和均匀度指数、灌木层的物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数及草本层的丰富度和 Shannon-Wiener 指数（P ＜0．05）;但马占相思间伐＋套种林分的乔木层、灌木层和草本层的 Shannon-Wiener 指数均显著低于未间伐林分（P ＜0．05）;物种多样性指标总体表现为尾叶桉间伐林＞未间伐林,马占相思未间伐林＞间伐林。套种树种在尾叶桉和马占相思林分中的早期生长表现良好,树种间生长量没有明显差异。     

A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood

This study investigated the suitability of the non-destructive vibration-impulse excitation technique to assess the attack of preservative-treated wood in contact with the ground. Small stakes (10×5×100 mm³) of treated and untreated Scots pine sapwood were exposed to decay in laboratory-scale terrestrial ecosystems. Different soils were used to prove the influence of different types of wood destroying micro-organisms. Wood decay was monitored periodically for one year by determining mass losses and changes in dynamic modulus of elasticity. The results show a large variability in resistance against attacking fungi, depending on wood preservative and soil type. The non-destructive approach using the dynamic modulus of elasticity proved to be a good and sensitive tool for assessing the attack of stakes in laboratory soil testing.     

Distribution of preservatives in thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce sapwood

Studying the impregnation and distribution of oil-based preservative in dried wood is complicated as wood is a nonhomogeneous, hygroscopic and porous material, and especially of anisotropic nature. However, this study is important since it has influence on the durability of wood. To enhance the durability of thermally modified wood, a new method for preservative impregnation is introduced, avoiding the need for external pressure or vacuum. This article presents a study on preservative distribution in thermally treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sapwood using computed tomography scanning, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Secondary treatment of thermally modified wood was performed on a laboratory scale by impregnation with two types of preservatives, viz. Elit Träskydd (Beckers) and pine tar (tar), to evaluate their distribution in the wood cells. Preservative solutions were impregnated in the wood using a simple and effective method. Samples were preheated to 170 °C in a drying oven and immediately submerged in preservative solutions for simultaneous impregnation and cooling. Tar penetration was found higher than Beckers, and their distribution decreased with increasing sample length. Owing to some anatomical properties, uptake of preservatives was low in spruce. Besides, dry-induced interstitial spaces, which are proven important flow paths for seasoned wood, were not observed in this species.     

Durability of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine in above-ground conditions

Abstract

One of the main objectives of thermal modification is to increase the biological durability of wood. In this study the fungal resistance of Norway spruce and Scots pine, thermally modified at 195°C and 210°C, was studied with a lap-joint field test. Untreated pine and spruce and pine impregnated with tributyl tin oxide (TBTO) and copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) were selected as reference materials. The evaluations were carried out after 1, 2 and 9 years of exposure. After 1 and 2 years of exposure mainly discoloration was detected. Only the untreated pine was slightly affected by decay fungi. There were significant differences in the decay ratings of untreated and thermally modified wood materials after 9 years in the field. While the untreated wood materials were severely attacked by decay fungi or reached failure rating, only small areas of incipient decay were detected in the thermally modified samples. Thermally modified pine was slightly more decayed than thermally modified spruce. The only wood material without any signs of decay was CCA-treated pine, since some of the TBTO-treated pine samples were also moderately attacked by fungal decay. The results of the lap-joint test had a good correlation with mass losses in a laboratory test with brown-rot fungi.     

三种国外木材防腐剂室内防腐防霉防白蚁性能评价

不含铬和砷的TanalithCuAz、Tanalith CY和Totim B是目前国外广泛应用的环保型木材防腐剂产品.本文报道了这3种国外木材防腐剂产品的首次国内室内防腐性能评价试验的结果.结果显示,用少量Tanalith CY和Totim B产品即可有效地抑制腐朽菌对木材的侵害;Tanalith CuAz对腐朽菌的抑制效力随其浓度的增加而快速增大;Tanalith CuAz和Totim B分别显现出良好的抑制白蚁、防止蓝变菌及霉菌侵染的功效.     

Biological effectiveness of didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) against basidiomycetes following preconditioning in soil bed tests

Evaluation of wood preservatives in soil-contact tests is becoming an important issue since detoxification of wood-protecting compounds by fungi and bacteria found in soil may decrease the resistance of treated wood. In this study, the decay resistance of wood treated with didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF), a recently developed quaternary ammonia compound, was evaluated in both soil bed and laboratory decay resistance tests. Small specimens (5×10×100 mm³) of DBF-treated and untreated sugi sapwood were subjected to decay in laboratory soil bed tests (DIN ENV 807 (2001)) followed by Basidiomycetes tests (DIN EN 113 (1996)). Exposure in field soil and compost soil substrates was used to observe the effects of wood degrading and other soil-inhabiting micro-organisms on the decay resistance of the specimens. Soil bed tests showed that DBF-treated wood specimens at 7.7 kg/m³ retention level (1% DBF solution concentration) showed better performance compared to 0.01 and 0.1% DBF treatments. The 7.7 kg/m³ retention level was also effective to protect the wood specimens against Coniophora puteana and Coriolus versicolor in Basidiomycetes tests. It is concluded that detoxification of wood preservatives in soil contact is an important factor to determine protective properties of treated wood in ground contact applications. Further experiments with larger specimens are needed to observe the performance of DBF-treated wood at higher retention levels in field above ground and ground contact tests. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.C. Mult. Walter Liese on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

马尾松木材材性特点及加工利用研究

马尾松是我国松属树种中地理分布最广的一种,也是南方的造林先锋树种和主要用材树种。文中从物理力学性能、纤维特性以及渗透性等方面论述了马尾松木材材性特点,介绍了马尾松木材干燥及脱脂处理技术、木材蓝变及其防治方法,总结了马尾松木材在实木利用、人造板生产等领域的应用现状,展望了马尾松木材加工利用的发展前景。     

Serial exposure technique for assessing performance of wood preservatives

Summary The performance of copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) and two quaternary ammonium compounds as wood preservatives was compared using a serial exposure technique, involving successive 10-week exposures in conventional soil jars. All preservative treatments were successful in preventing decay of Pinus radiata sapwood after the first exposure, but successive 10-week exposures clearly distinguished those treatments likely to offer long-term protection. The progressively increasing times of exposure with test fungi overcame the time lag for decay initiation in wood treated to preservative retentions above the toxic threshold established by conventional laboratory methods. Consequently, an additional and higher toxic threshold could be calculated. Examination of data from field stake tests suggested that a series of toxic thresholds established by a serial exposure technique could be related to preservative retentions which protect wood in the field from decay for increasing periods of time. Results of all tests are discussed in relation to the development of a laboratory procedure which may predict field performance of wood preservatives.     

浓缩硼木材防腐剂的生物毒性试验

文章研究了SGB硼浓缩液木材防腐剂对腐朽菌、白蚁和哺乳动物等生物的毒性,结果表明:SGB防腐剂处理材具有较好的抗白蚁性和耐腐性,该防腐剂对大白鼠的急性经口毒性为低毒级,SGB是适合用于喷涂使用的环保型木材防腐剂。     

硼浓缩液木材防腐剂的生物毒性试验

文章研究了SGB硼浓缩液木材防腐剂对腐朽菌、白蚁和哺乳动物等生物的毒性,结果表明：SGB防腐剂处理材具有较好的抗白蚁性和耐腐性,该防腐剂对大白鼠的急性经口毒性为低毒级,SGB是适合用于喷涂使用的环保型木材防腐剂。