硼,锌对甘蔗一些生理生化特性及产量,品质的影响

甘蔗分蘖期施用硼、锌、硼＋锌，都能促进有效茎的形成。分蘖期施锌、锌加硼及大生长期施硼的茎径、茎长、产量均比对照高。前期、伸长期施用硼肥或前期施用锌肥，对甘蔗叶片的叶绿素含量、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性有较大影响。各处理都能提高甘蔗产量，前期单施锌和锌加硼处理能够提高甘蔗品质。     

早熟、高糖、丰产甘蔗新品种桂引9号的引进及试验

桂引9号(原名MEX105)是1996年从墨西哥引进，1997—1998年在广西甘蔗研究所进行二年室内外检疫，未发现检疫性病虫害。1999—2002年在广西甘蔗研究所大田进行品比筛选试验，桂引9号蔗茎产量667m^2平均为5459kg，比对照种桂糖11号的4464kg增产995kg，增产率为22．28％；蔗糖分分析结果三年18次(11月至次年元月)桂引9号平均为15．96％，比对照种桂糖11号的14．36％提高1．60个百分点。2002—2004年进行区域试验，桂引9号667m^2平均蔗茎产量为6153kg，比对照种新台糖16号的5488kg增产665kg，增产率为12．11％；蔗糖分分析四年12次(11月至次年元月)桂引9号平均为16．08％，比对照种新台糖16号的14．93％提高1．15个百分点(绝对值，下同)。     

甘蔗新品种云蔗92-19的选育

甘蔗新品种云蔗92—19为中大茎、早熟高糖、丰产性强；萌芽势强、萌芽率高，出苗整齐，蔗苗健壮，分蘖中等；长势强。拔节早。蔗茎均匀粗壮直立，单茎重实，成茎率高，脱叶性较好，有效茎75000株／hm^2左右。平均产量100．2t／hm^2，比CK，（ROC10）和CK2（桂糖11号）分别增产9.3％和4．4％；平均蔗糖分15．24％，比CK1和CK2分别高0．98和1．01个百分点。其中，11月份蔗糖分14．13％，较二对照高1.7-1．98个百分点；平均含糖量15．6t／hm^2，分别比CK，和CK：高18．2％和13．0％。该品种适应性广，高抗黑穗病和嵌纹病。适宜于中等肥力的旱坡地、水肥条件较好的水浇地及水田种植。该品种于2004年10月通过了云南省作物品种审定委员会审定。     

甘蔗新品种巴西45号试验结果初报

巴西45号于1993年从巴西引进，经广西甘蔗研究所2年室内外检疫，未发现检疫性病害。广西甘蔗研究所于1995－2000年大田新植5次、宿根3次试验结果表明：巴西45号平均蔗茎产量（93660kg/hm^2)较对照品种桂糖11号（79650kg/hm^2)增产14010kg/hm^2，增幅19．59％；10月至次年1月平均蔗糖分（14．18％）较桂糖11号（13．66％）高0．52％（绝对值）。3年区域品比试验结果表明，巴西45号平均蔗茎产量（89955kg/hm^2)较桂糖11号（76410kg/hm^2)高13545kg/hm^2，增幅17．70％，平均蔗糖分（14．08％）较桂糖11号（13．93％）高0．15％（绝对值）。2001年12月该品种经广西农作物品种委员会审定通过，命名为桂引4号。     

早熟高产优质多抗糖果兼用蔗新品种川蔗23号选育研究报告

在61点(次)省区试和生产试验中,川蔗23号新植、宿根的平均单产为150885kg/hm2,比对照种增产23.52%;平均甘蔗蔗糖分达14.07%,比对照高1.70%(绝对值.下同);甘蔗含糖量平均达21369.15kg/hm2,比对照高41.30%.在22点(次)全国区试和生产试验中,川蔗23号新植、宿根平均单产达115495kg/hm2,比全国对照种增产18.53%,甘蔗蔗糖分平均达14.49%,比对照高0.39%(绝对值,下同)甘蔗含糖量达16209kg/hm2,比对照种高18.40%.该品种还高抗黑穗病、花叶病和赤腐病;并具有某些果蔗特征和优良的商品性状.     

甘蔗脱毒健康种苗田间比较试验

甘蔗脱毒健康种苗与常规种植田闻比较试验结果表明，在新植连作时，无论是否健康种苗繁殖的后代，每茬都进行热水脱毒处理，其效果好于传统的常规种植，桂糖11号蔗茎增幅45．28%-51．19％，拔地拉蔗茎增幅61.49%-66．22％；而且每茬下种前的种茎都进行热水处理后种植比前茬健康种苗种植出的种茎不再进行热水处理就直接下种效果好，桂糖11号蔗茎增幅2．92％-6.78%，拔地拉蔗茎增幅0.48%-0.66％；而后者又比传统常规种植方法好，桂糖11号蔗茎增幅38．50％-48．27％．拔地拉蔗茎增幅61．01%-65．56％。上一茬已做过热水处理、茎尖脱毒组培苗种植．新植1年后的宿根蔗桂糖11号蔗茎增幅也比对照高32．05%-40．86％。各个处理的蔗糖分均比对照有所提高，增幅0．91%-1．71％(绝对值)。     

甘蔗施用鱼粉有机-无机复混肥的产量及品质效应

本试验在大田生产条件下研究了春植蔗施用鱼粉有机-无机复混肥的产量及品质效应。结果表明：甘蔗施用鱼粉有机-无机复混肥的增产增糖效应显著，蔗茎产量比对照增产25．76％（二次施肥法）和15．94％（三次施肥法），差异达极显著或显著水平；二次施肥法的每hm^2蔗糖含量比对照增产16．42％，三次施肥法则与对照相若。     

甘蔗新品种云蔗89-7的选育

云蔗89—7是云南省农科院甘蔗研究所选育的优良新品种。其萌苗率高，分蘖中等，蔗苗整齐健壮，生长势强，拔节早，蔗茎粗壮直立，公顷有效茎75000多株，单茎重实，蔗茎产量85—100t／hm2，比对照种(桂糖11、ROCl0、选蔗3号)增产9%／-15％；平均甘蔗含糖分13.74%，比对照高0．2个百分点左右，平均公顷含糖量12．14—13.7t，比对照提高10％—15％左右。宿根性强，中抗黑穗病、高抗嵌纹病，耐旱力较强，抗倒优，在海拔1200m以下的蔗田或土层较深厚的旱地种植，增产效果显著。     

“蔗丰灵”对宿根甘蔗的效应

对桂糖15号宿根蔗以高效专用甘蔗液肥“蔗丰灵”进行不同处理，均获得增产、增糖的效果；尤其在促进茎径的增粗、增高方面表现更为显著，最终实际砍收产量比对照增加17.4%-22.2%。既喷施“蔗丰灵”又盖膜的比盖膜不喷和不喷不盖膜的处理蔗糖分分别高0.39%和0.76%(绝对值）。不同处理间生理生化指标如叶绿素含量，苹果酸酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性等都有差异。     

低毒雌雄同株大麻新品种USO-31及高产栽培技术

雌雄同株大麻新品种USO-31是乌克兰韧皮纤维研究所育成，2000年开始在我国试种，该品种表现出高纤、优质、抗病抗虫、低毒、耐盐碱等特点。2005年生产试验，风干茎、纤维、种子产量分别达到6513．8kg／hm^2、1336．9kg／hm^2和345．4kg／hm^2，分别比对照增产10．0％、17．6％和10．1％。干茎出麻率26．8％，比对照高10.3个百分点。同时介绍了该品种在黑龙江省适宜产区的高产栽培技术。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。