太谷县机械深松整地作业技术的应用与思考

阐述了实施机械深松整地作业技术的必要性,介绍了机械深松整地作业技术的概念及实施的好处、推广应用机械深松整地作业技术的主要措施以及实施机械深松整地作业技术的主要成效,分析了制约机械深松整地作业技术推广的因素,提出了进一步推进机械深松整地作业技术应用的建议。     

农业部发出紧急通知：切实做好农机深松整地作业实施工作

10月12日,农业部办公厅印发《关于切实做好农机深松整地作业实施工作的紧急通知》（以下简称《通知》）,要求各地把农机深松整地实施工作摆上重要议事日程,切实增强责任感和紧迫感,认真落实深松整地作业机具补贴政策,加快实施农机深松整地作业进度,努力提高农机深松整地作业质量,协调落实农机深松整地作业补贴和进一步加强农机深松整地作业的总结宣传。     

农机化深松整地技术要求及其使用注意事项

近年来,深松整地技术得到了越来越多农民的认可,我国农业深松整地作业面积不断增加,使深松整地作业的效能得到了有效发挥。从深松整地的作业特点出发,分析了机械化深松整地的积极作用,总结了深松整地的技术要点与实施注意事项,强调了机械深松整地规范实施的必要性。     

深松整地作业检测仪

正深松整地作业检测仪是安装在深松机组上,具有卫星定位、无线通信、作业深度监测、机具识别、图像采集、显示报警等功能的装置。深松整地作业检测仪采集到的详细作业信息传输到农机深松作业远程监测信息平台,对农机深松作业进行质量分析,从而实现了对深松深度、面积及作业达标面积等作业质量指标数据进行记录并实时监控。深松整地作业检测仪的推广应用,加强了深松整地作业质量监管力度,提高了监管工作效率,降低了监管成本,保证了作业质量,规避了虚报作业面积、降低作业标准的各种风险,切实做到了深松整地保护性耕     

临清市农机深松整地作业推广工作调查

临清市是全省首批农机深松整地作业项目县之一,今年以来,该市认真贯彻实施农业部《关于落实补贴资金推进农机深松作业的通知》和《山东省农机深松整地作业补贴实施方案》,以推进农机作业服务产业化为发展方向,以落实农机购置补贴和农机深松整地作业补贴为动力,积极推广深松整地等先进技术,共落实农机深松作业补贴1000万元,深松整地2.2万hm2,预计可实现农民增收近2.3亿元。(一)广泛宣传引导。为使农机深松整地技术迅速推广开来,临清市首     

农机深松整地作业技术的应用与探讨

2015年新疆在全区范围内适宜农机深松整地作业的县市开展了深松整地作业。通过对农机深松整地作业益处的论述,提醒人们重视这项工作,并就如何做好农机深松整地作业,提出了自己的看法。     

搞好濉溪县机械化深松整地作业的对策和措施

介绍了安徽省濉溪县机械化深松整地作业的基本情况,阐述了近年来实施深松整地作业的基本做法,分析了制约濉溪县深松整地作业的原因,提出了下一步做好机械化深松整地作业的对策。     

农机深松整地作业要求及主要问题分析

机械化深松整地作业能够有效打破传统生产形成的犁底层,增加土壤的透气性和蓄水保墒能力。介绍了深松整地的功能特点,并说明了机械化深松作业的相关要求,总结了现阶段深松整地存在的问题,希望促进机械深松整地作业向科学化发展。     

昌图县机械化深松整地技术应用研究

深松整地是农业部近年来主推的一项较为先进的技术。结合昌图县机械化深松整地应用实际,分析全县长期旋耕整地作业存在的土壤板结问题,提出通过深松整地作业打破犁底层进而解决这一问题的技术途径,研究深松整地技术推广过程中应注意的主要问题,以期为当地深松整地作业提供技术指导。     

进一步搞好东明县农机深松整地作业补助工作的建议

阐述了实施农机深松整地作业补助的作用和意义,介绍了山东省东明县开展农机深松整地作业补助工作的主要做法和取得效果,分析了农机深松整地作业工作中存在的问题,提出了进一步搞好农机深松整地作业补助工作的建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture

The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance, water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers while protecting the environment.