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胁迫后复水对水稻叶面积的补偿效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对不同生育期、不同程度、不同历时的水分胁迫及胁迫后复水条件下水稻叶面积变化规律和机理进行了研究,结果表明:土壤水分变化并未改变水稻叶面积在整个生育期间的单峰变化;水分胁迫对水稻叶面积的扩展生长存在抑制效应,抑制程度与胁迫程度、胁迫历时正相关;胁迫后复水对叶面积有补偿效应。重度胁迫大于轻度胁迫后复水的补偿效应。分蘖期轻度胁迫下胁迫时间越长补偿越明显,拔节期胁迫时间延长补偿效应降低。复水后加肥有助于叶面积补偿效应的提高,促进叶面积相对扩展速率增加并使响应时间提前。 相似文献
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水稻拔节期水氮互作的后效性影响研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过盆栽试验研究了不同水氮互作条件下水稻各项生理指标短期和长期的后效变化.结果表明:适宜的水氮组合复水短期内对生理活性有一定的补偿效应,生育后期表现出延缓衰老的长期后效性;水、氮单因子复水短期内对叶片叶绿素含量、荧光参数、丙二醛含量等生理指标影响显著,水氮协同互作效应在复水15 d后达显著水平;不同的水分胁迫后复水,水氮互作效应不同,重旱处理产量随复水后施氮量的增加而增加,但产量较其他处理明显降低.应避免水稻拔节期重旱,土壤含水率不能低于田间持水率的70%;充分灌溉和轻旱处理产量随施氮量的增加有所降低,拔节期高水高肥不一定高产,轻旱后复水结合低氮追肥,节水保产效果最佳. 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验方法,研究了玉米苗期在不同干旱程度下生长, 并在拔节期复水,分析复水后株高的动态变化及对干物质、根冠比的影响。结果表明:苗期亏水抑制了株高、叶面积和干物质积累的增长, 轻度干旱和适氮条件下复水后补偿效应明显,出现超补偿效应; 重度干旱条件下复水后虽然有所恢复,但很难恢复到正常水平;在轻度干旱和中度干旱下适当的增加施氮量可以提高干旱复水的补偿效果。 相似文献
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调亏灌溉对冬小麦根冠生长影响的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以冬小麦为试验材料,采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法,就调亏灌溉(RDI)对作物根、冠生长的影响进行了试验研究。试验采用二因素随机区组设计,冬小麦设置5个水分调亏阶段,每个调亏阶段设置3个水分调亏程度,另设全生育期充分供水处理为对照(CK)。分别在水分调亏期间和复水后测定各处理根系参数和地上干物质质量。结果表明,RDI对植株根冠生长发育的影响因不同水分调亏阶段和不同水分调亏度而有所不同。在水分调亏期间冬小麦根系生长受到强烈抑制,但复水后根系具有"补偿生长效应"或"超补偿生长效应"。冬前适度水分调亏(调亏度55%FC~65%FC)对根系生长具有正效应;返青—拔节阶段不同程度水分调亏复水后均有"补偿生长效应"或"超补偿生长效应",而且这种"补偿生长效应"随水分调亏度加重呈增强趋势。冬小麦水分调亏均增大根冠比(R/S),且随水分调亏度加重,R/S明显增大。因此,RDI可以作为冬小麦根冠生长调控的有效方法。 相似文献
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苗期调亏处理对玉米根系生长影响的试验研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
以玉米为试验材料,利用盆栽试验研究了调亏灌溉对苗期根系形态、活力和干物质累积的影响。试验结果表明:调亏灌溉减少根系干物质累积,根冠比、平均根长和根活活力(TTC还原量)提高;单析根系各数下降;根系活力在复水后仍保持较高水平,表明调亏在量上抑制根系生长,但在形态和吸收功能上出现出一定的补偿效应。 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献