叶片表皮指纹在杜鹃花属分类中的意义

本实验于2004年在东北林业大学进行。用指甲油印记法在光学显微镜下观察了杜鹃花属6个种(牛皮杜鹃 Rh.aureaum,兴安杜鹃Rh. dauricum, 照白杜鹃Rh. micranthum,迎红杜鹃Rh. mucronulatum,苞叶杜鹃 Rh. Redowskianum 和大字杜鹃Rh. schlippenbachii)的表皮指纹特征。对叶片的形态特征包括叶片下表皮气孔类型、保卫细胞和副卫细胞的特征、叶片两面的普通细胞(形状和垂周壁特征)和表皮毛进行了较详细的描述。所研究的6种杜鹃花中,有3种气孔类型,其中兴安杜鹃、照白杜鹃、和迎红杜鹃为单细胞型气孔(Pericytic 型),苞叶杜鹃为不规则型气孔(Anomocytic 型),牛皮杜鹃和大字杜鹃是平轴式气孔(Diacytic 式)。不同种间,单细胞型和平轴式气孔的副卫细胞类型在形状和表面特征上有所不同。普通表皮细胞的表面观为从四边形、六边形, 多边形或不规则型, 垂周壁呈平直或弯曲状。兴安杜鹃、照白杜鹃和迎红杜鹃3种的叶片两面均有腺鳞。所有这些叶片特点表明上述6种杜鹃花的表皮指纹具有种的特性。图4表2参29。     

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Camptotheca acuminata

UGPase gene related with wood cellulose synthesis was transferred into C. acuminata using the method of Agrobacte- rium-mediated genetic transformation, and an efficient transformation system was developed for C. acuminata on the basis of evaluations of several factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer rate. The highest transformation rate was achieved when pre-cultttred leaf explants were infected with an Agrobacterium culture corresponding to OD600 （0.5） for 10 min, and cultured on explant regeneration medium for three days. The results of Southern hybridization showed that genomic DNA of the kanamycin-resistant shoots to an UGPase gene probe substantiated the integration of the transgene. Transformation efficiency （6%） was achieved under the optimized transformation procedure, This system should facilitate the introduction of important useful genes into C, acuminata.     

Alkaloid variations in Catharanthus roseus seedlings treated by different temperatures in short term and long term

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature on variations of alkaloid metabolism in C. roseus seedlings in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongiang, China. 60-day-old C. roseus seedlings with 3-4 pairs of leaves were incubated in chambers with temperature of 30℃ and 40℃for short-term heat shock experiment and 20℃, 25℃ and 35℃ for long-term experiment. The contents of vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine and vincristine in C. roseus leaves and root were checked at different temperatures in short term （1-6 h） and long term （1-16 d）. Results showed that under short-term heat shock, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in leaves of the seedlings were higher at 40℃ than at 30℃, but after 6 h treatment, the contents of vindoline and catharanthine under the two temperatures came to the same level. Catharanthine was exclusively distributed in C. roseus roots and its content was increased by 40% after two hours incubation at 40℃, while increased slowly at 30℃ incubation and reached the highest value at 6 h. In the Long-term experiment, concentrations of monomeric alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline were higher at 20℃ than at 25℃ and had a sharp increase under the condition of 35℃. While for dimeric alkaloid, it showed that the higher the temperature, the earlier the peak value of vinblastine content appears. Vincristine had a continuous enhancement and attained 0.027 mg.g^-1 at 16th day under 35℃ condition which was higher than those in the other conditions. It was concluded that high temperature could promote the accumulation of different alkaloids in C. roseus and the accumulation characteristic is highly related to treatment time.     

大理苍山杜鹃花属植物资源及其种质资源圃建设分析

基于苍山科学考察资料及文献资料,对苍山杜鹃花属植物资源特征及种质资源圃建设条件进行分析。结果表明,苍山分布有杜鹃花属植物57种,占全国杜鹃花种数的9.5%,占云南省杜鹃花种数的14.3%;生活型以灌木型为主（73.6%）,其次为灌木或乔木型（24.6%）;分布海拔大于2 500 m的种数达44种,占苍山杜鹃花总种数的77.2%;苍山地区杜鹃花花色极其丰富,其中白色系种类最多（33.3%）,其次为粉红色系（19.3%）;杜鹃花花期为2—8月,主要集中于4—6月开放。从海拔、可建面积、水路条件等方面对苍山范围内具备建设杜鹃花种质资源圃的地块进行分析,结果认为,苍山花甸坝及大理大学茶园具有较好的建设条件。     

12种金花茶组植物叶片的比较形态学研究

研究利用万深 LA-S 系列植物图像分析仪和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对山茶属金花茶组下 12 个种进行叶片形态数量特征和表皮特征进行比较研究。植物图像分析结果表明,12 种金花茶属植物在 叶周长、叶面积、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶长宽比,以及叶鲜重和干重 9 个性状上差异均极显著, 9 个性状在相同种不同个体之间差异显著,说明金花茶组植物种间和种内的叶片形态上具有丰富的性状变 异,无法作为组下分类的依据,但为育种提供了良好的遗传基础。叶表皮形态观测结果表明, 12 个种的 叶片上表皮形态结构基本一致,无气孔分布,细胞均为不规则形,细胞间界限不清晰;12 个种的下表皮 均有气孔分布,并具腺点,但不同种的气孔形状和细胞垂周壁式样在一些种间存在着明显的差异,腺点 形态也各不相同,这些性状在种内较为稳定,可为金花茶组的分类提供参考依据。     

Population structure and distribution pattern of Taxus cuspidata in Muling region of Heilongjiang Province, China

An investigation was conducted on distribution pattern, site condition and population structure of yew Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in Muling Forest Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, China in April, 2005. Results showed that yew is mainly distributed under the main storey of natural mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the soil moisture content of the yew site is high （40%-60%）, the pH value of soil is relatively lower （4.7-5.5）, and that the population structure of wild yew is not rational, belonging to the degeneration population, which is one of the reasons leading to the population decline. Although the site conditions of Muling area are suitable for the growth of wild yew, the population of wild yew shows a decline tendency, due to the fact that the middle-sized adult yew trees have been cut, young yews are often grazed by wildlife, and that the trunks of adult yew tend to be hollow.     

杜鹃花色研究进展

杜鹃花是世界名花,属于中国十大名花之一,具有极高的观赏价值,在国际上广泛应用于园林绿化。花色是杜鹃花重要的观赏特性,也是一种与传粉者和自然环境的适应性特征,杜鹃花色素主要包含花青素苷和黄酮醇,其种类、含量和相关基因对花色形成具有重要影响,研究花色素组成及相关的生物合成途径是杜鹃花色育种的关键。文中综述了国内外对杜鹃花色素组成、花色遗传特性与育种、花青素苷合成途径等研究现状,揭示了杜鹃花色形成原理,提出未来研究重点为:注重黄色、花斑品种和蓝色杜鹃花培育,揭示杜鹃花中类黄酮着色机理及调控因子,运用转录组、代谢组、全基因组等新一代测序技术探究杜鹃花色素并建立相关数据库,以期为杜鹃花色研究提供参考。     

Abstracts of Research Papers Written in Chinese

FOREST PROTECTION Effect of High-Voltage Pulse Current on Vitality and Reproduction of Pine Wood Nematode Liang Jun~1,Wang Xiangfeng~1,Wang Zhenchao~2, Ning Shaohua~1,Zhang Xingyao~1(1.Key Lab.of Forest Ecology Protection of State Forestry Administration,Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China;2.College of     

中国夜蛾科二新记录种及一大陆新记录种记述

本文报道了分布于黑龙江省塔和地区的2个中国夜蛾科新记录种：北方纬夜蛾Atrachea japonica （Leech, 1889） 和暗绿丫金翅夜蛾Autographa macrogamma （Eversmann, 1842）,同时首次将以新种记述于韩国和台湾省的中文夜蛾Neustrotia rectilineata Ueda, 1987在大陆予以报道.对标本材料的外部形态特征、生殖器图片和世界性分布予以记述.所用标本材料收藏在东北林业大学林学院昆虫实验室.     

关于中国东北地区森林经营的对话

中国东北地区有3700多万hm2森林资源, 大部分为已严重退化的天然次生林。如何经营这些森林, 是不予管理、任其退化, 直至形成杂灌丛; 还是"砍次留好", 促进更新, 逐步引向永久性森林?哈尔滨市林业局在山河、转山和丹青河3个直属林场, 开展了以均衡发挥生态效益和经济效益为目地的经营实践, 仅10余年时间3个林场就已获得了低投入、高产出的良好效果, 走上了资源与经济良性循环的轨道。2009年9月, 哈市林业局在中国林科院专家支持下, 邀请德国森林经营专家Heinrich Spiecker教授和法国农业部高级顾问Dominique Danguy des Deserts先生考察了经营现场, 并深入探讨了这些科学实验及其理论价值。     

Adaptive responses of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acer ginnala,Pyrus ussuriensis and Prunus davidiana</Emphasis> seedlings to soil moisture stress

One-year-old seedlings of Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim), Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) and David peach (Prunus davidiana Carr) were planted in pots in greenhouse and treated with four different soil moisture contents (75.0%,61.1%, 46.4% and 35.4%). The results showed that net photosynthesis rate (NPR), transpiration rate (TR) and stomatal conductance (Sc) of seedlings of the three species decreased with the decease of soil moisture content, and Amur maple seedlings had the greatest change in those physiological indices, followed by Ussurian pear, David peach. Amur maple and Ussurian pear seedlings also presented a decrease tendency in water use efficiency (WUE) under lower soil moisture content, whereas this was reversed for David peach. Under water stress the biomass allocation to seedling root had a significant increase for all the experimental species. As to root/shoot ratio, Amur maple seedlings had the biggest increase, while David peach had the smaliest increase. The leaf plasticity of Amur maple seedlings was greater, the leaf size and total leaf area decreased significantly as the stress was intensified. No significant change of leaf size and total leaf area was found in seedlings of Ussurian pear and David peach. It was concluded that Amur maple was more tolerant to soil moisture stress in comparison with David peach and Ussurian pear.     

幼树阶段杉木不同无性系生长与形态性状分析

杉木是我国南方最重要的造林树种之一,在木材安全重大战略中具有举足轻重的地位。株型是决定杉木产量的核心要素,掌握理想株型的性状组成对提高杉木产量具有重要的意义。本研究对来自福建省洋口国有林场的14个杉木组培无性系造林后3 a内生长量和造林后第2年的形态指标进行比较与分析,研究试验林分郁闭前幼树阶段的形态与和生长特点以及它们之间的关系,为杉木理想型无性系的选择和不同株型的定向培育方法提供理论依据。结果表明:1)造林后1至3年林分树高的平均值分别为1.00、2.52和3.87 m,第3年的胸径平均值为4.76 cm,无性系的树高生长变异系数随着生长时间的增长呈下降的趋势,不同无性系的生长量之间存在极显著的差异;其中除020在高生长上优势明显外,054、061、063和023在3 a内的树高和胸径生长均具有较大的优势。2)造林后第2年坐生密度、冠幅、枝盘数、当年生节间距离、一级侧枝数和年盘二级分枝数的平均值分别为63.58片、176.1 cm、6.11、21.76 cm、21.02和19.88,且不同无性系之间存在极显著的差异;说明杉木株型之间的差异较大。3)通过聚类分析将无性系063、054及061归为浓密型杉木,无性系047、148、023及049归为稀疏型。4)生长与形态之间的相关性分析表明浓密型杉木的生长量更大,根据以上的分析初步认定,在生长初期,杉木的理想株型具有枝条浓密和冠幅宽大的特点。     

Two new species of Colpoma on trees from China

Two new species of Colpoma are described from China. Colpoma intermedium on Pinus armandii is macroscopically similar to species of Colpoma while asci and ascospores are similar to those of species of Therrya. Colpoma sinense on Rhododendron sp. differs from other Colpoma species by conspicuous lip cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix.     

杜鹃属植物保护生物学研究进展

杜鹃属（Rhododendron）隶属杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）杜鹃花亚科（Rhododendroideae）。杜鹃或杜鹃花是杜鹃属植物的统称,为我国10大传统名花之一,因其观赏价值极高而备受园艺界青睐。文中着重论述了杜鹃属植物保护遗传学、繁殖生物学（包括繁育系统、传粉生物学、自然杂交和种子生理生态）以及种群生态学等方面的研究进展,提出了杜鹃属植物保护生物学要加强特有、稀有、濒危以及具有重要使用和科研价值种类的研究,并探讨了杜鹃属植物保护生物学研究存在的问题及发展方向,以期为杜鹃花研究与开发提供参考和借鉴。     

Diurnal change of gas exchange ofRhodiola sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats in Changbai Mountain

Rhodiola sachalinensis growing in the different habitats, such as Xiaotianchi plot (altitude 1800 m), Tree line plot (altitude 2000 m) and Tianwenfeng plot (altitude 2325 m) of Changbai Mountain (northern slop) were transplanted to Harbin Experimental Farm for determining its gas exchange. The study results indicated that the diurnal changes of gas exchange ofRh. sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats were still different though the morphological appearance of the newly sprouted above-ground part had become more similar. For net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and apparent quantum yield (AQY), the diumal change curves ofRh. sachalinensis transplanted from the three plots were similar, but the data value were different. For the dark respiration rate (Rd), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE), diurnal change curves of the three plots were obviously different. This study is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. Yan Xiufeng, male, born in March 1965, associate professor, Open Research Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Influence of main site factors on Fraxinus mandshurica（Oleaceae） plantation

The investigation was carried out on 10-year-old plantation of Fraxinus mandshurica in Mao‘er Mountain Experimental Station of Northeast Forest University.tree height(H),diameter at breast height(D1.3) and the increment of tree height in 5 years (H5),the thickness of humus layer,as well as the soil moisture were measured for the plantation and the growth indexes(H,D1.3,H5) for different site conditions were analyzed.The results showedthat main site factors influencing the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica were soil moisture,gradient and location of siope in order.The growth of Fraxinus mandshurica was better on the middle-or up-slope site than on the down-slope site.Soil moisture and late frost caused by terrain are the main reasons that limit the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation.     

A study on the shade tolerance ofMuehlewbeckia complera

Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ to 569.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of 569.000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for above 6 h. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University. Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Comparative virulence of blue-stain fungi isolated from Japanese red pine

 We made inoculations to determine the comparative virulence of blue-stain fungi isolated from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.). Based on the symptoms caused by each fungus, the most virulent fungus was Leptographium wingfieldii. Also, Ophiostoma minus was relatively virulent while lesions induced by some species did not differ from those in the control treatment. Based on the results, we concluded that the pathogenicity of the blue-stain fungi varied widely, and thus their impact on the host most likely varies too. Received: June 7, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002 Present address: JST Domestic Research Fellow, Forest Pathology Laboratory, Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0123, Japan Tel +81-19-648-3961; Fax +81-19-641-6747 e-mail: H_masu@hotmail.com Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Ohtaka and Usuki, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, for technical assistance. Contribution No. 174, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba. Correspondence to:H. Masuya     

杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究进展

杜鹃花是闻名世界的观赏花卉,由于不少种类较弱的生殖隔离屏障,大量人工杂交选育品种得以问世。而在其野外重叠分布区,自然杂交种也屡见不鲜。文中着重从繁育系统、传粉特征、杂交后代与杂交区构成、人为干扰因素与分子鉴定等方面综述杜鹃属自然杂交研究现状,探讨杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究存在的问题并展望今后的研究方向及内容,提出杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究应注重特有传粉昆虫、人工干扰与杂交区构成关系、子代适应力和染色体组等方面,以期为将来揭示杜鹃属植物自然杂交历史、成因及新品种选育研究提供参考。     

帽儿山地区叶面积指数遥感反演

以黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山林场(东北林业大学试验林场)为研究区,利用现代卫星遥感技术,结合实地调查采样数据和GPS测量技术,建立了从Landsat TM影像数据提取的植被指数(Vegetation Index,VI)与地面实测的叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)的统计回归模型。然后再从众多统计模型中按照各自的相关系数(R)和确定系数(R2),选出反演LAI的最佳模型。