泡泡树种植指导

这篇文章是为了满足种植者对美国本土泡泡树种植技术日益增长的需要而撰写的。有关泡泡树方面的研究工作开展的很少,并且主要集中在美国的肯特基州立大学。本篇文章提供的指导技术主要来自该校的研究以及许多泡泡树种植者常年研究成果和实践经验。它应该帮助你对泡泡树的种植有些初步的了解。     

美国泡泡树的商业价值及繁殖栽培技术

泡泡树原产于美国,它有着优良的观赏价值、营养价值及药用价值,具有巨大的市场潜力.为了丰富我国经济林栽培树种,对美国泡泡树的性状、营养成分、药用机理、品种、繁殖栽培及加工技术等方面进行了论述,为泡泡树在我国的繁殖、栽培和推广奠定了一定的理论基础.     

泡泡树不同品种果实性状差异及生长动态分析

对引种的泡泡树4个品种果实单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数及生长动态进行了初步研究，结果表明不同品种间单株结果量存在较大差异。根据当前单株结果量和果实性状表现，筛选出Mary Foos Johnson和Overleese两个早期丰产的优良品种；同时发现各品种之间果实横径和纵径大小存在差异。4个泡泡树品种的纵横径变化在泡泡果实成熟前期都随着时间的增加而增大。     

美国泡泡树在宝鸡开花结果

中国林科院研究人员从美国引进泡泡树种子,2003年春在宝鸡育苗,2004年春移栽到大田。2007年,美国泡泡树在宝鸡开花结果,8月上旬,泡泡果陆续进入成熟期,风味不错,引种获得初步成功。     

泡泡树利用价值和培育技术初探

河南省林科院2002年从美国开始引种泡泡树,并在南阳、信阳等地做栽培观察,本文总结出一系列的苗木培育技术和田间栽培技术。     

北美泡泡树ISSR标记开发及遗传多样性分析

以泡泡树[Asimina triloba (L.)Dunal]品种‘Mango’为实验材料,从100个ISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat)引物中筛选出6个多态性高、重复性好的引物。利用这6条引物,对13个泡泡树品种及其半同胞家系和6个种源的48个样品进行遗传多样性分析。通过DNA检测,扩增出2 337条谱带,其中多态性条带为1 930,多态性比率为82.6%。聚类分析结果表明,供试材料相似系数介于0.59～0.99之间。供试材料在相似系数0.91处的DNA水平上的类群划分和形态特征一致。该研究为泡泡树新品种培育的亲本选择及杂种鉴定提供理论依据。     

拉枝与环割对泡泡树枝梢生长与成花的影响

2005-2007年在泡泡幼树上进行环割、拉枝开角试验,结果证明：拉枝开角60°可明显缓和树势,降低发枝部位,增加有效枝量和有效花数量,促进泡泡树早实丰产。     

能源植物麻疯树研究进展

本文主要概述了生物能源树种麻疯树近年国内外在资源分布、毒性和药理活性、生物农药活性、生物柴油、生理生态、培育等方面研究进展,并对其种子丰产技术进行了探讨。     

大红袍花椒放任树修剪技术及修剪效益分析

试验针对劳动力价格上涨对花椒生产造成负面影响的实际，总结出了陇南花椒结果期放任树的修剪技术要点，并对大红袍花椒修剪后的生长量、结果情况和采摘功效进行了研究，对甘肃陇南花椒产业通过管理措施提高效益、加快发展步伐有现实性和迫切性。     

野生香叶树育苗及栽培技术研究初报

香叶树在云南省各地均有分布，尤其在西南部地区分布极为普遍，春传统经营利用历史悠久，但大多为野生状态，经营极为粗放。本文对野生香叶树树种进行了人工选优、育苗和造林技术试验研究，结果表明，香叶树的人工栽培与发展具有较大的发展潜力。     

Household tree holdings: A case study in Mutoko communal area, Zimbabwe

Tree holdings at homesteads and in homefields were investigated for two villages in Zimbabwe. Of the households, 90% owned at least one exotic tree. Trees were concentrated at homesteads and conserved indigenous trees tended to be edible fruit trees. Female heads of households (divorcees and widows) had fewer trees than households headed by men. Households with longer period of residence at a site had increased the proportion of indigenous fruit trees compared to non-fruit trees. Wealth status showed no relationship to tree holdings. The considerable tree planting and tree conservation activity around homesteads and in homefields has the effect of replacing non-fruit indigenous trees with exotic and indigenous fruit trees. Agroforestry research, extension and development should focus more on current practices, concentrate more on trees that farmers favour (such as fruit trees) and take into account differences among households. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Farmers’ Fruit Tree-growing Strategies in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon and Nigeria

Many studies have stressed the importance of trees to rural households. Few, however, have focused on actual numbers and densities of trees in different land-use systems. Based on community-level participatory research in six communities, semi-structured household interviews and full-farm fruit tree inventories, this study aims to understand farmers’ tree-planting strategies. Relationships between the diversity, number and density of fruit trees and farm size, land-use system, land tenure, distance from the homestead, proximity to the forest, market access and household characteristics are investigated. The key factors determining the differences in tree-growing strategies between communities appear to be market access, land use and access to forest resources. Within communities, differences between individual households were less easy to explain but tenure was important as was farm size. Smaller farms had higher fruit tree densities, a relationship that was particularly strong in communities with good market access. Overall there was a great deal of variability both within and between communities and many of the factors affecting tree-planting decisions were found to be highly inter-related. Despite this complexity, trees on farm play an important role in rural household's livelihoods. Therefore, expansion of tree cultivation should be recognized as a promising pathway to achieve increased income and food production by policy makers and extensionists alike. In addition to improved tree propagation and management techniques, farmers should be strengthened in the processing and marketing of agroforestry tree products and more emphasis should be placed on the development of tree enterprises. By doing so, farmers will be able to earn a more important and consistent income from fruit trees, contributing to the Millennium Development Goals.     

库尔勒香梨树体生长与15N的吸收及分配动态

为给库尔勒香梨园合理施肥及氮肥利用率的提高提供参考,以6年生库尔勒香梨为研究对象,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究萌芽前期至果实成熟期库尔勒香梨树体生长和氮素吸收、分配动态。结果表明:库尔勒香梨树体基径随着生育期的推移逐渐增大,于果实成熟期达到最大(8.71cm);库尔勒香梨叶片的叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值和叶片光合速率均随着香梨年生育期的推进呈现先增大后减小的趋势,均在第2个快速膨大期达到最大,分别为2.40、42.03和12.50μmol/(m^2·s);在年生育末期,库尔勒香梨单株树体的生物量为19958g,氮素积累量为199.44g,各器官中以当年新生器官果实的生物量和氮素积累量为最高,分别占整株树体生物量和氮素积累量的33.33%和25.08%。不同生育期15N在树体内的运转随生长中心的变化而变化。盛花期15N在1年生枝中的分配势最强,新梢旺长期和第2个快速膨大期15N在叶片中的分配势最强,果实成熟期15N在果实中的分配势最强。在果实成熟期库尔勒香梨树体当季15N肥料利用率为17.35%。     

Morphological variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balanites aegyptiaca</Emphasis> fruits and seeds within and among parkland agroforests in eastern Niger

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile. is one of the priority indigenous fruit trees for rural communities in the West African Sahel. As part of a participatory tree domestication program in Niger, phenotypic variation in fruit and seed morphology was assessed in four natural populations in eastern Niger. Measured variables were weight of the fruit, seed coat and kernel; length and width of the fruit and seed (25 trees per population, 30 fruits per tree). Derived variables were the tree’s coefficient of variation (CVs) for each measured variable, and two sets of factor scores from principal components analysis of tree means and CVs. ANOVA indicated significant variation in all measured variables due to trees nested in populations. ANOVA and simple linear regression indicated significant geographic variation in some variables: the drier parts of the sample region tended to have heavier fruits and kernels, longer/narrower seeds, and lower within-tree variability in fruit and seed width. Length and width were strongly correlated between fruits and seeds, fruit weight was moderately correlated with seed dimensions, and CVs of fruit weight and width were moderately correlated with the CV of seed width. Some hypotheses for the geographic variation are presented, and some practical implications of the correlations for tree domestication programs are discussed.     

沿海防护林内层沙滩引种果树试验与示范

1987～2002年,在沿海防护林内层沙滩的退化蕉柑迹地和林中空地中,引种多种优良果树的试验结果表明:(1)首次在这一特殊的立地上成功引种龙眼、荔枝、芒果、余甘子、桃、柿子、番荔枝等优良果树7种,同时,建立了这一立地种植果树特有的栽培技术,提出并验证了确保这一立地种植果树成功的保障技术;(2)种植龙眼和荔枝的经济效益分别是种植湿地松速生丰产林和农作物的12.8倍、7.68倍和9.02倍、5.41倍;(3)在沿海防护林中种植适当比例的果树,不仅不会降低其生态效益,而且还有利于促进沿海防护林体系朝着生态经济复合型的可持续方向发展。     

八角的遗传多样性与良种选育

就我国八角的遗传多样性与良种选育进行了分析,并提出了今后我国八角良种遗传改良的方向．认为我国八角栽培历史悠久,在自然选择下,其树形、分枝习性、叶、花、果实等方面出现了明显的差异性,遗传多样性丰富．目前,只有广西和云南进行了果用林优树选择,广西共选出128株优树,云南共选出18株优树;叶用林优良品种选育跟不上现实的需要．今后八角的良种选育将以优树选择为主,积极开展杂交育种,采取常规育种技术与生物技术相结合的育种技术以培育新的品种．     

罗田甜柿优树果实性状的模糊综合评价

为筛选出具有开发潜力的甜柿良种资源,调查了16份罗田甜柿优树果实的主要性状,并运用模糊综合评判法对与甜柿商品性相关的6个主要经济性状指标进行了比较分析。结果表明,16份罗田甜柿果实性状的I_(FC)值在0.056 12~0.528 79之间,其中罗田9号综合评价指数最高,I_(FC)值为0.528 79,与排名第2、第3的17号和14号差距较大。罗田9号单果质量最大、核数量最少,综合评价指数最高,建议作为优良无性系加以开发和利用。     

广州市观果树木资源现状及其园林应用*

为合理开发和有效利用观果树木资源,丰富城市园林绿化树种,提高城市景观和生态综合效益,采用查阅相关文献和实地考察相结合方法,调查研究了广州市观果树木资源现状及其在城市园林绿化中的应用效果。结果表明,广州城区观果树木种类丰富,共36科60属123种,主要应用在城市主干道路、主体公园和住宅小区。目前观果树木的应用已取得了良好的社会、生态、经济和景观效应。建议广州市在今后城市园林规划中,充分利用现有观果树木种类并根据区域特色适度引进新品种;在大力推广观果树木景观应用的同时,应加强市民文明行为养成教育。     

Homestead tree planting in two rural Swazi communities

Tree planting practices were investigated on a total of 95 homesteads in two communities in rural Swaziland. Information was also collected on socioeconomic characteristics of the homesteads. In both the study areas, Sigombeni and Bhekinkhosi, there was considerable variation amongst individual homesteads in size, relative wealth (as indicated by cattle and motor vehicle ownership), and amount and types of trees planted. Eighty-five percent of all homesteads in Sigombeni and 73 percent in Bhekinkhosi had planted at least one tree. Common forms of planting included small woodlots, fruit trees, and ornamentals. Virtually all the woodlots consisted of two introduced wattle species (Acacia mearnsii and A. decurrens). The most commonly planted fruit trees were avocadoes, bananas, and peaches. No complex or labor-intensive agroforestry practices (such as maize/leucaena intercropping) were observed. There was some evidence that the poorest and newest homesteads were the least likely to have planted any trees and that the richest homesteads were the most likely to have planted woodlots. The results indicate that forestry research and extension efforts should take into account homestead characteristics, and strive to offer a range of tree planting options that vary in input requirements, labor needs, and complexity.     

湖北省樱桃生产现状与发展对策

樱桃PrunuspseudocerasusLind是落叶果树中成熟最早的果树树种,在弥补早期果品市场空缺,满足人民生活需要方面具有特殊的作用。樱桃果实色泽鲜艳,营养丰富,又被誉为“珍果”。通过对我省樱桃产业现状的调查,笔者指出了我省樱桃发展中存在着的问题,并提出了针对性强的发展对策。