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1.
C.A. Palm R.C. Boston K.R. Refsal R.S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(1):50-55
Background: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn human analogue insulin (Humulin N) is commonly used for treatment of canine diabetes mellitus (DM). However, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring DM have not been reported.
Objective: To investigate blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in the clinical setting of client-owned Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Methods: In this clinical study, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured when dogs received food and insulin (T0 ), at approximately every half hour for the next 2 hours, and then approximately every 2 hours for an additional 8 hours. Insulin duration of action was defined as the number of hours from T0 to the lowest blood glucose concentration and until blood glucose concentration returned to an interpolated value of 70% of basal blood glucose concentration (Glucoseb ).
Results: Mean percent of insulin-induced blood glucose suppression was 49.9 ± 17.1% (median, 46%; range, 29–78%). Insulin duration of action ranged from 4 to 10 hours. Blood glucose concentration increased initially and returned to Glucoseb within 0.6–2.2 hours after T0 in 5 dogs. This initial blood glucose surge then was followed by blood glucose suppression in all 5 dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N. 相似文献
Objective: To investigate blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in the clinical setting of client-owned Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Methods: In this clinical study, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured when dogs received food and insulin (T
Results: Mean percent of insulin-induced blood glucose suppression was 49.9 ± 17.1% (median, 46%; range, 29–78%). Insulin duration of action ranged from 4 to 10 hours. Blood glucose concentration increased initially and returned to Glucose
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N. 相似文献
2.
Jahr JS Driessen B Lurie F Tang Z Louie RF Kost G 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(1):39-45
Abstract: This study was designed to validate in vitro oxygen saturation (SO2 ) measurements with the NOVA CO-Oximeter (Nova Biomedical Corp, Waltham, Mass, USA) in canine blood containing hemoglobin (Hb) glutamer-200 bovine (Hb-200; Oxyglobin, Biopure, Cambridge, Mass, USA) as a Hb-based oxygen carrier recently introduced into clinical practice. In the first set of experiments, stored blood from 6 mixed-breed canine blood donors was used. Target PO2 levels were reached in aliquots of blood samples by tonometry. Oxygen saturation was then measured with the test device and calculated based on known PO2 values. In the second set of experiments, total oxygen content was directly measured by means of an oxygen-specific electrode in aliquots of fresh whole arterial, venous, and mixed (arterial-venous) blood withdrawn from the same canine blood donors. Hb-200 was added to those blood samples to yield plasma Hb concentrations of 1.62, 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 g/dL. Based on Hb content and SO2 measured by the NOVA CO-Oximeter in these samples, total oxygen content was also calculated for each sample and compared with measured values. A strong correlation was found between SO2 values measured with the co-oximeter in samples after tonometry, and calculated SO2 based on known PO2 . Directly measured total blood O2 content varied by ≤ 5% from values computed based on co-oximeter measurements of Hb content and SO2 . These results did not change with different levels of oxygenation of the samples or different plasma Hb-200 concentrations. In conclusion, the NOVA CO-Oximeter is an accurate analyzer for measurement of SO2 after Hb-200 administration to canine blood. 相似文献
3.
Soy Protein Isolate versus Meat-Based Low-Protein Diet for Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
S. Proot V. Biourge E. Teske J. Rothuizen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(4):794-800
Background: Both presurgical preparation and long-term support of nonoperable dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) require optimal dietary management. Studies suggested that protein source may play an important role, with vegetable and dairy protein sources having better effects on hepatic encephalopathy (HE) than meat proteins.
Objectives: Determine whether a low-protein test diet with soy as its main protein source results in better scores than a control diet with the same composition but with poultry as its main protein source in dogs with CPSS.
Methods: In a double-blind cross-over study, 16 dogs received each diet for 4 weeks. Dogs in group T first received the test diet and then the control diet, whereas dogs in group C were fed the diets in the opposite order. Different variables (body weight, body condition score, HE score, fecal score, CBC, plasma tests of liver function including NH3 , and coagulation tests) were measured at the start of the study and after completion of each diet.
Results: One-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. Plasma NH3 was significantly lower after the test diet than after the control diet. The test diet also resulted in significantly higher fibrinogen concentrations and lower prothrombin times. The HE score improved with both diets, with no significant difference between the 2 diets.
Conclusions: Both diets achieved a significant improvement in HE score. The influence of the soy-based diet on plasma NH3 concentration and coagulation parameters suggests that such a diet decreases the risk for HE and gives better support of liver function. 相似文献
Objectives: Determine whether a low-protein test diet with soy as its main protein source results in better scores than a control diet with the same composition but with poultry as its main protein source in dogs with CPSS.
Methods: In a double-blind cross-over study, 16 dogs received each diet for 4 weeks. Dogs in group T first received the test diet and then the control diet, whereas dogs in group C were fed the diets in the opposite order. Different variables (body weight, body condition score, HE score, fecal score, CBC, plasma tests of liver function including NH
Results: One-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. Plasma NH
Conclusions: Both diets achieved a significant improvement in HE score. The influence of the soy-based diet on plasma NH
4.
K.D. Mitchell S.A. Kruth R.D. Wood B. Jefferson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(3):585-591
Background: Serial monitoring of acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in canine autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has not been reported.
Hypotheses: Acute canine AIHA is accompanied by an acute phase response (APR) characterized by increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations and decreased albumin concentrations.
Animals: Twenty-seven dogs with AIHA and 11 control dogs.
Methods: Prospective, cohort study. CRP, AAG, and albumin concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count, and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined at admission (day 1), every 48 hours until death or discharge, and on days 30, 90, 180, and 365.
Results: Compared with controls, CRP and AAG concentrations were increased and albumin concentration was decreased in dogs with AIHA (days 1–7; P < .002) and normalized with disease stabilization (days 9–365; P > .05). APP concentrations on day 1 were not predictive of survival, duration of hospitalization, or number of blood transfusions ( P = .153–.940). PCV correlated with APP concentrations over time (CRP r =−.600, AAG r =−.665, albumin r = .533; P < .0001) as did WBC count (CRP r = .253, AAG r = .486, albumin r =−.246; P < .006). Day 1 CRP concentration was lower for dogs that received corticosteroids before referral (115.3 μg/mL) compared with dogs that did not (191.2 μg/mL; P = .02).
Conclusions: An APR occurs in canine AIHA. Initial APP concentrations are not predictive of acute survival, correlate with hematologic markers of remission, and normalize rapidly with disease stabilization. 相似文献
Hypotheses: Acute canine AIHA is accompanied by an acute phase response (APR) characterized by increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations and decreased albumin concentrations.
Animals: Twenty-seven dogs with AIHA and 11 control dogs.
Methods: Prospective, cohort study. CRP, AAG, and albumin concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count, and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined at admission (day 1), every 48 hours until death or discharge, and on days 30, 90, 180, and 365.
Results: Compared with controls, CRP and AAG concentrations were increased and albumin concentration was decreased in dogs with AIHA (days 1–7; P < .002) and normalized with disease stabilization (days 9–365; P > .05). APP concentrations on day 1 were not predictive of survival, duration of hospitalization, or number of blood transfusions ( P = .153–.940). PCV correlated with APP concentrations over time (CRP r =−.600, AAG r =−.665, albumin r = .533; P < .0001) as did WBC count (CRP r = .253, AAG r = .486, albumin r =−.246; P < .006). Day 1 CRP concentration was lower for dogs that received corticosteroids before referral (115.3 μg/mL) compared with dogs that did not (191.2 μg/mL; P = .02).
Conclusions: An APR occurs in canine AIHA. Initial APP concentrations are not predictive of acute survival, correlate with hematologic markers of remission, and normalize rapidly with disease stabilization. 相似文献
5.
Keith A. Reimann DVM Grant G. Knowlen DVM PhD Harold W. Tvedten DVM PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1989,3(1):47-52
To determine the effect of platelet count on the accurate assessment of serum electrolyte concentrations, simultaneous platelet counts and electrolyte determinations were performed on serum and plasma from 40 dogs. Dogs were grouped according to platelet count as follows: thrombocytopenic (less than 150,000/microliters), normal (150,000 to 600,000/microliters), or thrombocytotic (greater than 600,000/microliters). Serum potassium concentration was significantly higher than plasma potassium concentration in normal dogs (mean difference, 0.63 +/- 0.17 mEq/l) and in dogs with thrombocytosis (mean difference, 1.55 +/- 0.73 mEq/l). This difference in potassium concentration between serum and plasma was positively correlated with platelet count (r2 = 0.86). In the blood of dogs with thrombocytosis, the serum-plasma potassium difference was further increased when the time period between blood collection and separation of serum or plasma from cells was lengthened. Differences between serum and plasma concentrations of sodium or chloride were not seen in any platelet group. These results suggest that a portion of the measured serum potassium concentration is released from platelets during the clotting process. In fact, profound elevations in serum potassium concentrations can occur factitiously in dogs with thrombocytosis. Therefore, the actual concentration of potassium in blood is determined more accurately by measuring the plasma concentration rather than the serum concentration of this electrolyte. 相似文献
6.
Chad Schmiedt DVM MS DACVS Karen M Tobias DVM MS DACVS Cynthia M Otto DVM phD DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(4):275-280
Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of abdominal fluid to peripheral blood ratios of creatinine and potassium concentrations to diagnose uroperitoneum in dogs.
Design: Records of 13 dogs with confirmed uroabdomen were retrospectively analyzed. Prospective evaluation of 8 dogs with nonrenal ascites provided data for a control population.
Setting: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Animals: Client owned dogs.
Interventions: None
Measurements and Main Results: Abdominal fluid potassium (mEq/L) and creatinine concentrations (mg/dl) were recorded. Peripheral blood potassium and creatinine concentrations were also recorded. Ratios were calculated based on these values. An abdominal fluid creatinine concentration to peripheral blood creatinine concentration ratio of > 2:1 was predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 86%). An abdominal fluid potassium concentration to peripheral blood potassium concentration of > 1.4:1 is also predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%). All dogs with uroabdomen had an abdominal fluid creatinine concentration that was at least 4 times normal peripheral blood levels.
Conclusion: Abdominal fluid to peripheral blood potassium and creatinine ratios provide a means to diagnose uroperitoneum in dogs without elevated peripheral blood creatinine. 相似文献
Design: Records of 13 dogs with confirmed uroabdomen were retrospectively analyzed. Prospective evaluation of 8 dogs with nonrenal ascites provided data for a control population.
Setting: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Animals: Client owned dogs.
Interventions: None
Measurements and Main Results: Abdominal fluid potassium (mEq/L) and creatinine concentrations (mg/dl) were recorded. Peripheral blood potassium and creatinine concentrations were also recorded. Ratios were calculated based on these values. An abdominal fluid creatinine concentration to peripheral blood creatinine concentration ratio of > 2:1 was predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 86%). An abdominal fluid potassium concentration to peripheral blood potassium concentration of > 1.4:1 is also predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%). All dogs with uroabdomen had an abdominal fluid creatinine concentration that was at least 4 times normal peripheral blood levels.
Conclusion: Abdominal fluid to peripheral blood potassium and creatinine ratios provide a means to diagnose uroperitoneum in dogs without elevated peripheral blood creatinine. 相似文献
7.
R. J. ROSE R. J. CARTER JAN E. ILKIW 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1980,3(2):111-119
Six dogs with previously implanted arterial, central venous, pulmonary arterial and left atrial catheters received halothane anaesthesia, and halothane anaesthesia plus administration of a balanced electrolyte solution given over one hour, in a cross-over experiment. Parameters measured included temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), arterial and mixed venous blood-gases and acid-base parameters, mean arterial pressure ( AP ), mean pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP ), mean left atrial pressure ( LAP ), mean central venous pressure ( CVP ), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), plasma sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations, and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations.
During halothane anaesthesia there were significant decreases in AP , PCV, TPP, f, and significant increases in arterial and mixed venous oxygen, and glucose concentrations, when compared with conscious control values. When intravenous fluid was administered during anaesthesia, there were significant decreases in temperature, AP , PCV and TPP, with significant increases in PAP , CVP and f, when compared with values during anaesthesia alone. After one hour recovery period from anaesthesia, dogs receiving intravenous fluids had significantly decreased PaO2 values and significantly increased pH when compared with anaesthesia alone. There was an average urinary excretion of 7 mmol of sodium and 5 mmol of potassium during anaesthesia, and 36 mmol of sodium and 8 mmol potassium during fluid administration. 相似文献
During halothane anaesthesia there were significant decreases in AP , PCV, TPP, f, and significant increases in arterial and mixed venous oxygen, and glucose concentrations, when compared with conscious control values. When intravenous fluid was administered during anaesthesia, there were significant decreases in temperature, AP , PCV and TPP, with significant increases in PAP , CVP and f, when compared with values during anaesthesia alone. After one hour recovery period from anaesthesia, dogs receiving intravenous fluids had significantly decreased PaO
8.
Marla Lichtenberger DVM DACVECC ; Connie Orcutt DVM DABVP ; Carolyn Cray PhD ; Douglas H. Thamm VMD DACVIM ; Daniel DeBehnke MD FACEP ; Cheryl Page BSC CVT ; Lori Mull BSc CVT Rebecca Kirby DVM DACVIM DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):467-472
Objective – The purpose of this study was to determine the LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ), compare the mortality rate among 3 fluid resuscitation groups, and determine the time required for a regenerative RBC response.
Design – Prospective study.
Setting – Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility.
Animals – Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD50 study and 28 for the fluid resuscitation study.
Interventions – Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD50 and fluid resuscitation studies. Ducks in the fluid resuscitation study received a 5 mL/kg intravenous bolus of crystalloids, hetastarch (HES), or a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOCS).
Measurements and Main Results – The LD50 for acute blood loss was 60% of total blood volume. This blood volume was removed in the fluid resuscitation study to create a model of acute blood loss. Following fluid administration, 6 birds in the crystalloid group (66%), 4 birds in the HES group (40%), and 2 birds in the HBOCS group (20%) died. No statistical difference in mortality rate was seen among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups. Relative polychromasia evaluated post-phlebotomy demonstrated regeneration starting at 24 hours and continuing through 48 hours.
Conclusions – The LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks was 60% of their total blood volume. Although no statistical difference in mortality rate was appreciated among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups, a trend of decreased mortality rate was observed in the HBOCS group. An early regenerative response was apparent following acute blood loss. 相似文献
Design – Prospective study.
Setting – Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility.
Animals – Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD
Interventions – Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD
Measurements and Main Results – The LD
Conclusions – The LD
9.
C.J. HEWSON P.D. CONLON U.A. LUESCHER & R.O. BALL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(3):214-222
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been recommended for the treatment of canine compulsive disorder. The pharmacokinetics of clomipramine in dogs have not been reported. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of clomipramine and its active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine, in six male dogs. Serial blood samples were collected following both a single oral dose of clomipramine (3 mg/kg) and 28 consecutive daily oral doses (3 mg/kg q 24 h). In addition, 'peak' and 'trough' samples were taken throughout the 28-day dosing period. Plasma was assayed for total (free and protein-bound) clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine, using gas-chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were then determined. Following a single dose of clomipramine, time of maximum plasma concentration ( t max ) of clomipramine was 0.75–3.1 h, maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) was 16–310 ng/mL and elimination half-life ( t 1/2el ) was 1.2–16 h; t max of desmethylclomipramine was 1.4–8.8 h, C max was 21–134 ng/mL and t 1/2el was 1.2–2.3 h. Following multiple dosing, there was a numeric increase in these parameters; t max of clomipramine was 3–8 h, C max was 43–222 ng/mL and t 1/2el was 1.2–16 h; t max of desmethylclomipramine was 1.4–8.8 h, C max was 21–134 ng/mL and t 1/2el was 1.2–2.3 h. Clinically significant differences between dogs and humans in the pharmacokinetics of oral clomipramine are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Vaden SL Pressler BM Lappin MR Jensen WA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2004,33(1):14-19
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract inflammation and hemorrhage are believed to be common causes of proteinuria in dogs based on results of studies that measured total urine protein concentration. A method to quantify urine albumin (UAlb) concentration in dogs recently has become available; however, the effect of inflammation on albuminuria is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to determine the effects of urinary tract inflammation, as indicated by pyuria and sample blood contamination, on UAlb concentration and on urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio in dogs. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from dogs with pyuria that were presented to a veterinary teaching hospital or were part of a laboratory colony. To mimic the effects of hematuria, canine whole blood was added to a microscopically normal canine urine sample that had baseline albumin and total protein concentrations below the limits of detection. UAlb concentration was measured using a canine albumin-specific competitive ELISA. UPC ratio was determined using routine methods. RESULTS: Of 70 samples with pyuria, 67% had negligible UAlb concentrations and 81% had normal UPC ratios. UAlb concentration but not UPC ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in samples with concurrent hematuria or bacteriuria. When whole blood was added to normal urine, UAlb concentration did not exceed 1 mg/dL until the sample became visibly pink; the UPC did not exceed 0.4 at any dilution. CONCLUSIONS: Many dogs with pyuria do not have albuminuria or proteinuria; however, albuminuria may be more likely in dogs with pyuria and concurrent hematuria or bacteriuria. Hematuria may not cause an increase in UAlb concentration until it becomes macroscopic and even then may not increase the UPC ratio. 相似文献
11.
D.L. Panciera H.P. Lefebvre 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(5):1045-1050
Background: Hypothyroidism affects renal function in a manner opposite the effects of hyperthyroidism.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of131 I in 8 dogs, and 8 healthy euthyroid dogs acted as controls. Exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (an estimate of GFR) was measured in all dogs before (control period) and 43–50 weeks after induction of hypothyroidism (posttreatment period). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were also determined.
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients. 相似文献
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients. 相似文献
12.
S. Matsuura H. Koto A. Koshino T. Okayama A. Setoguchi K. Ohno H. Tsujimoto 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2005,3(1):50-50
Introduction: In the chemotherapy for treatment of lymphoid tumors in dogs, myelosuppression is a frequently encountered dose‐limiting factor. One possible approach to overcome myelosuppression is induction of chemoresistance in hematopoietic stem cells through expression of the mdr1 gene. A full‐length canine mdr1 cDNA clone was isolated in our laboratory. The present study was carried out to assess whether it confers multidrug resistance in canine cell lines.
Materials and methods: The full‐length canine mdr1 cDNA was inserted into an expression plasmid vector. A canine mammary tumor cell line (CIPP) and osteosarcoma cell line (OOS) were transfected with the canine mdr1 expression vector. Expression of P‐gp was examined by immunoblotting. Function of ATP‐dependent drug efflux was measured by flow cytometric analysis using Rhodamine 123. Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was shown by estimation of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50 ) of vincristine or doxorubicin.
Results: Immunoblotting of the transfected cells revealed a strong band of P‐gp detected by a monoclonal antibody directed to P‐gp. Rhodamine 123 efflux test showed an apparent drug efflux activity in the transfected cells. From the IC50 of the chemotherapeutic agents, the transfected cells showed a remarkable increase (20 to 60‐fold) in the resistance to vincristine or doxorubicin.
Conclusion: Transfection of canine mdr1 gene induced P‐gp expression and strong drug resistance in canine cell lines. 相似文献
Materials and methods: The full‐length canine mdr1 cDNA was inserted into an expression plasmid vector. A canine mammary tumor cell line (CIPP) and osteosarcoma cell line (OOS) were transfected with the canine mdr1 expression vector. Expression of P‐gp was examined by immunoblotting. Function of ATP‐dependent drug efflux was measured by flow cytometric analysis using Rhodamine 123. Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was shown by estimation of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
Results: Immunoblotting of the transfected cells revealed a strong band of P‐gp detected by a monoclonal antibody directed to P‐gp. Rhodamine 123 efflux test showed an apparent drug efflux activity in the transfected cells. From the IC
Conclusion: Transfection of canine mdr1 gene induced P‐gp expression and strong drug resistance in canine cell lines. 相似文献
13.
Robert H. Mealey G. Kent Carter AIlen J. Roussel Walter W. Ruoff 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(5):347-352
Two different fluid solutions were infused through percutaneous cecal catheters in 6 healthy ponies to determine the effects on body weight; CBC; packed cell volume (PCV); total plasma protein concentration; plasma fibrinogen concentration; abdominal fluid analysis; concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, Ca, total CO2 (TCO2 ), Na, CI, K, and P; and fractional clearance (FC) of Na, CI, K, and P. During intracecal administration of solution 1, FCNa and FCCI were significantly increased, whereas FCK and BUN were significantly decreased. During administration of solution 2, FCNa and serum P were significantly increased, while PCV was significantly decreased. All ponies developed peritonitis during the study. Complications included catheter-related problems, diarrhea, laminitis, and hypocalcemia. We concluded that hydration and electrolyte balance could be maintained by administration of crystalloid solutions intracecally, but that complications were associated with the procedure. 相似文献
14.
Christopher MM O'Neill S 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(1):22-28
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare and investigate differences in glucose and lactate concentrations in sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/Ox) plasma and serum in healthy cats and cats with metabolic disease. Glucose and lactate concentrations were determined in routinely processed serum and NaF/Ox plasma obtained from healthy (n = 30), hyperthyroid (n = 27) and diabetic (n = 30) cats, and in samples from 6 healthy cats stored at 25°C or 4°C for 0,1, 2, 4, or 8 hours. The packed cell volume (PCV) of blood collected in NaF/Ox was compared with that of blood collected in EDTA. Mean glucose concentration was significantly (P < .05) lower in NaF/Ox plasma than in serum in all groups of cats, by 0.7–2.5 mmol/L (11–45 mg/dL); the difference was greater in cats with hyperglycemia. Mean lactate concentration was significantly higher in serum than in NaF/Ox plasma in all groups of cats, by 0.4–1.2 mmol/L (3.6–10.8 mg/dL); the difference was greater in hyperthyroid and diabetic cats. In vitro, only serum stored on the clot for ≥ 1hour at 25°C had significantly lower glucose and higher lactate concentrations. The PCV of NaF/Ox-anticoagulated blood was lower than that of EDTA-anticoagulated blood, by 7.0%± 1.4% (P<.01). In conclusion, collection of feline blood in NaF/Ox was necessary to prevent in vitro increases in lactate concentration; however, NaF/Ox artifactually decreased plasma glucose concentration because of RBC shrinkage. The PCV should not be determined on blood collected in NaF/Ox. 相似文献
15.
M.-C. Blais E. A. Rozanski A. S. Hale S. P. Shaw S. M. Cotter 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(3):462-465
Background: It is controversial whether or not pregnant bitches become sensitized to red blood cell (RBC) antigens.
Hypothesis: Bitches do not develop alloantibodies to RBC antigens during gestation and can be used safely as blood donors.
Animals: The study group included 35 healthy female dogs with a prior history of 1 (n = 12), 2 (n = 14), or ≥ 3 (n = 9) pregnancies. The control group consisted of 15 healthy female dogs without any history of pregnancy.
Methods: All dogs were blood typed for dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples and polyclonal antisera. Antibody screening was performed with serum and canine RBC panels of known blood type. An autocontrol and direct antiglobulin test were performed to rule out the presence of autoantibodies.
Results: The only alloantibodies identified were those against DEA 7 and the prevalence of anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies was similar in dogs with known history of pregnancy (11.4%) and in the control group (13.3%).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results confirm previous studies and clinical transfusion medicine experience. Naturally occurring anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies have been reported but their clinical relevance has not been shown. Pregnancy does not appear to sensitize dogs to RBC antigens. Consequently, dogs with prior history of pregnancy can be used safely as blood donors. Conversely, no additional pretransfusion compatibility studies would be required should these dogs themselves need to be transfused. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Bitches do not develop alloantibodies to RBC antigens during gestation and can be used safely as blood donors.
Animals: The study group included 35 healthy female dogs with a prior history of 1 (n = 12), 2 (n = 14), or ≥ 3 (n = 9) pregnancies. The control group consisted of 15 healthy female dogs without any history of pregnancy.
Methods: All dogs were blood typed for dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples and polyclonal antisera. Antibody screening was performed with serum and canine RBC panels of known blood type. An autocontrol and direct antiglobulin test were performed to rule out the presence of autoantibodies.
Results: The only alloantibodies identified were those against DEA 7 and the prevalence of anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies was similar in dogs with known history of pregnancy (11.4%) and in the control group (13.3%).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results confirm previous studies and clinical transfusion medicine experience. Naturally occurring anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies have been reported but their clinical relevance has not been shown. Pregnancy does not appear to sensitize dogs to RBC antigens. Consequently, dogs with prior history of pregnancy can be used safely as blood donors. Conversely, no additional pretransfusion compatibility studies would be required should these dogs themselves need to be transfused. 相似文献
16.
MARTIN HOFSTETTER DVM PHILIPPE GÉDET Diplom-HTL-Ingenieur MARCUS DOHERR Diplomate ECVPH STEPHEN J. FERGUSON PhD FRANCK FORTERRE Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(1):49-58
Objective— To study the kinematics of cervical spine segment C4 –C5 and its association with disc dimensions and the coupled motion (CM) in relation to primary motion (PM).
Study Design— Cadaveric biomechanical study.
Animals— Cadavers of large breed dogs (>20 kg; n=11).
Methods— Spines were freed from muscles. Radiographs were taken orthogonal to the C4 –C5 disc space and disc thickness, endplate width, and height were measured. Spines were mounted on a simulator for 3-dimensional motion analysis. Data were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analysis system. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were determined in the direction of flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation, as well as the ROM of CM.
Results— ROM in flexion and extension was similar; there was no CM in flexion/extension. Left/right axial rotation and left/right lateral bending were coupled to the same side. CM was 1.72 and 3.56 times the ROM of the PM in lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. Disc dimensions were positively correlated with body weight. Flexion/extension magnitude was significantly reduced for larger endplates, but axial rotation was not influenced. Lateral bending had no correlation with weight or disc dimensions.
Conclusion— Left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation are coupled differently in the C4 –C5 segment in dogs compared with humans.
Clinical Relevance— The canine C4 –C5 spinal segment has unique motion coupling patterns that should be considered for dynamic implant designs. 相似文献
Study Design— Cadaveric biomechanical study.
Animals— Cadavers of large breed dogs (>20 kg; n=11).
Methods— Spines were freed from muscles. Radiographs were taken orthogonal to the C
Results— ROM in flexion and extension was similar; there was no CM in flexion/extension. Left/right axial rotation and left/right lateral bending were coupled to the same side. CM was 1.72 and 3.56 times the ROM of the PM in lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. Disc dimensions were positively correlated with body weight. Flexion/extension magnitude was significantly reduced for larger endplates, but axial rotation was not influenced. Lateral bending had no correlation with weight or disc dimensions.
Conclusion— Left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation are coupled differently in the C
Clinical Relevance— The canine C
17.
Hypoglycaemia is frequently identified in canine cases of hypoadrenocorticism. Potassium and glucose cellular uptake are intimately linked by insulin. We hypothesized that in canine hypoadrenocorticism, hyperkalaemia would stimulate insulin release as a protective mechanism, translocating potassium from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular compartment and also lower glucose concentrations. Serum insulin concentrations were measured in 11 consecutive cases of canine hypoadrenocorticism which were hyperkalaemic and 33 dogs with non-adrenal illness. There was no significant difference between insulin concentrations in the two populations, and no correlation between insulin and potassium concentration in the hypoadrenal group. Thus, no support for the hypothesis was found, although multiple other factors such as pH and osmolality may be obscuring an effect. 相似文献
18.
Lori S. Waddell DVM DACVECC David E. Holt BVSC DACVS Dez Hughes BVSc MRCVS DACVECC Urs Giger PD DR. med. vet. DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(1):23-26
Objective: To determine the effect of storage on ammonia concentration in canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.
Design: In vitro and in vivo study.
Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and Adsola on Days 1 and 35 of storage. Ammonia was measured in 4 additional units of canine pRBC on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Plasma ammonia was also determined in 5 anemic dogs receiving pRBC.
Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.
Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC. 相似文献
Design: In vitro and in vivo study.
Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and Adsol
Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.
Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC. 相似文献
19.
Lídia M Matsubara MV MSc Valéria N L S Oliva† MV PhD Daniela T Gabas MV MSc Guillermo C V Oliveira MV & Maria L Cassetari‡ MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):407-413
Objective To investigate the effects of a low-dose constant rate infusion (LCRI; 50 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) and high-dose CRI (HCRI; 200 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) lidocaine on arterial blood pressure and on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (Sevo), in dogs.
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg−1 saline loading dose or lidocaine (2 mg kg−1 intravenously) was administered over 3 minutes, followed by saline CRI or lidocaine LCRI or HCRI. The sevoflurane MAC was determined using a tail clamp. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and plasma concentration of lidocaine were measured. All values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL−1 for HCRI. Seventy-five percent of HCRI dogs vomited during recovery.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
20.
Acetazolamide was administered at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg intravenously every 8 h to twelve dogs for a period of 7 days. Before administration of the acetazolamide and every second day during the period of administration, values of Pa O2 , Pa CO2 , pH, base excess, bicarbonate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and total plasma protein were measured. Plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, urea, glucose, bilirubin, iron, calcium, phosphate and triglycerides were also determined. These values were also measured in a similar control group of dogs not given acetazolamide. Acetazolamide produced significant elevations in Pa O2 and chloride values and significant decreases in Pa CO2 , pH, base excess, bicarbonate, potassium and calcium. There were no significant changes in any of the other parameters measured. The non-respiratory acidosis produced by acetazolamide makes it a useful model to enable the investigation of therapeutic regimes for treating acidosis of this type. 相似文献