1-MCP对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果

比较了不同剂量1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,无论是常温贮藏还是冷库低温贮藏,在贮前进行1-MCP处理,都可以显著抑制丰水梨贮藏过程中果实硬度的下降,防止果实腐烂;冷藏条件下还可显著抑制丰水梨可滴定酸含量的降低,使果实的风味和品质好于同期对照,延长果实的货架寿命,提高贮藏质量。不同剂量1-MCP处理对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果无显著差异。     

1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理对“金红宝”甜瓜常温贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同处理对甜瓜常温贮藏效果的影响,以“金红宝”厚皮甜瓜为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、1-MCP复合杀菌剂抑霉唑处理对甜瓜采后常温贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,1-MCP和1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果均显著优于对照处理。其中,在延缓抗坏血酸含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低腐烂率、失重率等方面,1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果优于1-MCP处理。综上所述,相较其他处理,1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果最好,可以有效保持甜瓜的品质。     

保鲜剂处理对清香青皮核桃贮藏品质的影响

为研究不同保鲜剂处理对青皮核桃贮藏期间品质的影响,以清香核桃为试材,分别采用3、5μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、伊源保鲜剂、果蜡进行处理,贮藏于-2~0℃条件下,定期测定核桃种仁风味及核仁品质指标。结果表明:与未处理的对照相比,3μL/L与5μL/L的1-MCP处理均能较好地保持清香核桃的种仁风味,并显著提高核仁含水量、总脂肪含量与碘值,有效抑制核仁油脂酸价、过氧化值、皂化值和脂肪酶活动度的升高,保持核仁较好品质。1-MCP处理效果优于果蜡和伊源保鲜剂处理。3μL/L与5μL/L 1-MCP处理两个浓度之间差异性不显著,从保鲜效果和成本考虑,生产上可使用3μL/L的1-MCP对清香鲜核桃进行贮藏保鲜。     

不同保鲜处理对甜瓜采后贮藏性状的影响

为探究不同保鲜处理类型对甜瓜采后的影响,以新疆精品甜瓜‘西州密25号’为试材,研究室温条件下保鲜剂(1-MCP)、杀菌剂以及杀菌剂复合1-MCP等3种不同处理方式对甜瓜采后贮藏性状的影响。试验结果表明,常温贮藏过程中,1-MCP处理对延缓果实硬度及可溶性固形物含量的下降,保持果品水分含量,并保持果皮颜色等方面效果显著。杀菌剂则对腐烂率降低效果更显著。复合保鲜处理能够有效发挥两者优势,对生理失调和病害衰老引起的采后问题有良好抑制效果。综合来看,常温条件下复合保鲜处理的贮藏效果最佳,能够有效保持甜瓜品质,降低果实腐烂率。     

1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后生理及保鲜效果的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响。研究结果表明,1-MCP(1-Methylcyclopropene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量。0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿。1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显。1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性。     

1-MCP结合硅窗MAP对新疆毛杏贮藏品质的影响

本文研究了1μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、硅窗自发气调包装(MAP)、1-MCP+MAP协同处理对新疆毛杏低温冷藏期间贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,硅窗MAP包装贮藏9 d后,CO2含量维持在3.14%~3.61%之间,O2含量维持在7.88%~9.00%之间,说明硅窗具有较好的气体通过率;1-MCP和MAP单独处理可以显著抑制新疆毛杏的呼吸速率,降低果实乙烯释放量,延缓果实TA、硬度下降速率,维持果实贮藏期感官品质;1-MCP+MAP处理具有协同作用,可显著延缓果实硬度、TA、VC含量和果实色调角值H的下降速率,感官品质评价最好。1-MCP和MAP处理对新疆毛杏均有明显的保鲜效果,1-MCP+MAP处理保鲜效果优于单独处理。     

1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘空心李’果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响

探讨果实软化与细胞壁代谢之间的关系及1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合自发气调包装(MAP)对果实软化的调控机制,为生产中李果实软化问题提供理论依据和技术参考。笔者以贵州省特色果品‘空心李’为试材,通过测定果实的硬度、细胞壁代谢成分和细胞壁代谢酶活性的变化,研究1-MCP、MAP及两者结合(1-MCP+MAP)对(20±1)℃下果实软化的抑制效应。结果表明：（1）与对照（直接放于纸箱内）相比,1-MCP、MAP及1-MCP+MAP处理抑制了果实硬度下降,原果胶和纤维素降解,抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲脂酶(PME)和纤维素酶(Cx)活性增加,抑制效果为1-MCP+MAP>1-MCP>MAP。（2）果实硬度的下降与原果胶和纤维素含量呈显著正相关,与可溶性果胶含量关系表现不一,1-MCP和1-MCP+MAP处理与可溶性果胶含量呈显著负相关,而对照和MAP处理与可溶性果胶含量没有表现出明显的相关性。1-MCP、MAP、1-MCP+MAP处理和对照果实硬度的下降与PG和PME活性存在显著负相关,对照和MAP处理的果实硬度与Cx活性表现显著负相关,1-MCP和1-MCP+MAP处理果实硬度与Cx活性没有表现相关性。1-MCP结合MAP对沿河‘空心李’果实硬度下降、细胞壁物质降解及其相关酶活性有显著抑制作用,能够抑制‘空心李’果实软化,延长保鲜时间,减少采后损失。     

天峨龙滩珍珠李贮藏保鲜方法筛选

对龙滩珍珠李果实采后分别进行1-MCP、PE薄膜包装和8℃冷温不同组合的处理,对不同处理组合下龙滩珍珠李的保鲜效果、果实品质变化等进行测定,综合评判最优的保鲜处理组合。结果表明,对于龙滩珍珠李腐烂率抑制最显著的是冷温,综合所有贮藏品质以及酶活性分析,1-MCP的保鲜作用最为显著,而薄膜包装对于果实水分的保持效果最为明显。最佳的贮藏保鲜方式是1-MCP处理后进行薄膜包装再放入冷库贮藏以及冷链运输。     

1-MCP结合气调包装对塔西提柠檬采后保鲜的研究

以瑞丽塔西提柠檬为试材,探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合不同气调保鲜袋处理对其贮藏品质的影响。分别采用不同浓度的1-MCP(0、62.5、125.0、250.0 mg/L)结合PBI保鲜袋和微孔膜处理柠檬,将柠檬置于15℃恒温箱中贮藏,定期(3 d)测定柠檬的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、呼吸强度、VC含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可滴定酸等相关指标,比较不同处理方式的贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明:62.5 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋能有效抑制柠檬果实硬度、失重率、VC含量的降低;250.0 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋能有效抑制柠檬可溶性固形物含量的降低;结合生产的使用成本等因素进行综合考虑,确定62.5 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋处理为塔西提柠檬较好的保鲜方式。     

1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后生理及保藓效果的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响.研究结果表明,1-MCPO(1-Methylcyclopmpene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量.0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿.1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显.1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.