元江芒果蓟马的危害特性及其防治

芒果蓟马是危害芒果十分严重的害虫，在元江发现有黄胸蓟马、褐蓟马、红蓟马危害芒果花序及果实。花穗受害率达１００％，严重影响芒果的产量和质量。１９９２～１９９４年通过对蓟马生活史及消长规律的观察，掌握了蓟马在元江以芒果为寄主，１年发生８～９代，３月底至４月初为发生高峰 ６月上旬后数量迅速下降，危害降低的危害特性。５种不同药剂的防效试验表明：用２４％万灵、２１％灭杀毙、１５％氧化乐果、４０％速扑杀１０００倍药液进行防治，防效达７６．２％～８３．６％。大田防疫达７７％以上，可有效控制多种蓟马的危害，花期连续喷撒３～４次，可保证花期座果。     

元江芒果花瘿纹的为害特点及其防治

芒果花瘿纹是危害芒果花序和幼果的主要害虫。通过对元江芒果花期花瘿纹两年的系统观察,掌握了花瘿蚊完整的生活史。该虫在元江１年发生６～７代,成虫成芒果的花芽或花苗上产卵,孵化幼虫在花蕾内蛀食危害。以２月初出现的第２代和２月中、下旬出现的第３代为主要为害代。据不同药剂防治试验结果,大田上用４０％速扑杀和２４％万灵各１０００倍药液喷撒防治,防治效果达７５％以上,可有效控制花瘿纹的发生,花期连续喷撒３～４次     

元江芒果花瘿蚊的为害特点及其防治

芒果花瘿蚊是危害芒果花序和幼果的主要害虫.通过对元江芒果园花期花瘿蚊两年的系统观察,掌握了花瘿蚊完整的生活史.该虫在元江1年发生6～7代,成虫在芒果的花芽或花蕾上产卵,孵化幼虫在花蕾内蛀食危害.以2月初出现的第2代和2月中、下旬出现的第3代为主要为害代.据不同药剂防治试验结果,大田上用40%速扑杀和24%万灵各1000倍药液喷撒防治,防治效果达75%以上,可有效控制花瘿蚊的发生,花期连续喷撒3～4次,可保证芒果座果率及幼果的正常生长.     

松阿扁叶蜂发生规律及防治技术研究

在研究松阿扁叶蜂的发生危害、生活史、主要习性及发生规律的基础上，从7种不同药剂中筛选出了5种防治该虫的有效药剂和最佳使用浓度：用8％绿色威雷300倍液防治出蛰成虫，防效达93．58％；用40％氧化乐果乳油、25％灭幼脲Ⅲ号胶悬剂1500倍液防治3龄前幼虫，防效分别达91．35％和95．34％；利用2．5％敌杀死乳油4000倍液防治3龄后大幼虫，防效为96．62％；在郁闭度0．7以上的林分，用22．5kg／hm^2林丹烟剂防治树上幼虫，防效达97．96％。     

棕榈蓟马危害珍珠罗汉松的初步研究

文章报导了广西融水棕榈蓟马危害珍珠罗汉松情况和发生规律,提出防治棕榈蓟马的技术措施,即在害虫始盛期应用20％吡虫啉0．25～0．33g/L倍液喷雾,可控制害虫的危害。     

杏芽瘿防治技术研究

杏芽瘿主要危害杏树芽苞等器官,使受害植株枝干形成累累瘿瘤,造成树体衰弱甚至死亡。甘肃条山集团成龄杏园杏芽瘿危害率达60％以上。通过2004～2005年综合防治试验研究,在摸清发生规律的基础上,应用化学药剂螨死净1500倍液平均防效为92．67％;应用生物药剂齐螨素Abamectin1500倍液和蛛锈龙2000倍液平均防效分别为89．00％和80．33％;结合春剪物理刮除瘿瘤后喷施3次螨死净1500倍液平均防治效果为99．00％。     

甘蔗蓟马发生及防治

甘蔗蓟马发生及防治冯奕玺（广东省徐闻县农业局·５２４１００）甘蔗蓟马（ＴｈｒｉｐｓＳｅｒｒａｔｕｓＫｏｂｕｓ）属缨目，蓟马科。甘蔗蓟马在雷州半岛蔗区普遍发生，徐闻县蔗区１９９５年发生蓟马危害甘蔗面积达１０００余公顷。尤以高旱地甘蔗苗期至伸长期危害较重...     

元江芒果优良品种

本文就元江县多年来引种筛选出的部分优质芒果品种简介于下: 三年芒:我省地方良种,元江县于1962年从景谷引种。三年芒长势中等,树冠呈圆头形,冠幅大于树高,分枝角度大;每年1月为初花期,花轴和花瓣呈黄色带红,每个花序可挂果2至5个;5月果熟,果实近似肾形,单果     

10.8%草舒水剂在非耕地和林果上的应用试验

10．8％草舒水剂在非耕地上对恶性杂草的白茅草鲜重防效达90％以上，对八角、荔枝、沙田柚等林果地的一年生杂草防效达90％～98％。     

无公害苹果园山楂红蜘蛛发生规律及防治措施研究

通过对无公害栽培苹果园山楂红蜘蛛发生分布规律及防治措施的研究发现，无公害栽培苹果园越冬态山楂红蜘蛛种群数量为平地园〉阳坡园〉阴坡园；越冬态山楂红蜘蛛在树体上集中分布在主干及第一层主枝的翘皮、环剥缝隙、剪锯口及气生根等处。从山楂红蜘蛛发生动态看，1a中有2次发生高峰，分别为3月底至4月初、6月底至7月初。早春彻底刮皮后，每株树上越冬态山楂红蜘蛛数量仅为未刮老翘皮树的3．77％；萌芽前喷5波美度石硫合剂防治越冬态山楂红蜘蛛，喷药7d后防效达90％以上；生长季应用1．8％阿维菌素3000倍液或24．5％绿维虫螨2000倍液控制山楂红蜘蛛危害的校正防效均在97％以上。     

元江芒果实蝇的为害特点及其防治

经对元江县芒果成熟期的虫害芒果实蝇 2年的系统观察 ,掌握了该虫害的完整生活史和为害特点。元江芒果实蝇 1年发生 6代 ,每年 2个高峰期 ,第 1个高峰期在 4月下旬 ,第 2个高峰期在 7月初至 8月初。成虫产卵于成熟果实的果皮下 ,幼虫在果内取食果肉。在大田上进行果实套袋 ,农药和性诱剂诱杀 ,化学药剂防治试验 ,取得了一定防治效果。在芒果近成熟期连续施诱杀剂 12次 ,可有效地控制芒果实蝇的为害 ,诱杀剂以甲基丁香酚效果为好。     

浅谈景谷县芒果树施肥

简介云南景谷芒果生产状况,总结了芒果园的施肥管理技术,讨论了芒果园配方施肥技术方向。     

Effect of ground cover management on Thysanoptera (thrips) in clementine mandarin orchards

Conservation biological control by means of ground cover offers an interesting alternative to chemical control. A complex of Thysanoptera (thrips) species inhabits citrus, some of which are considered pests. This study investigated the effect of ground cover management on thrips species composition, distribution, and seasonal abundance in four commercial clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Tanaka) orchards. Three soil management systems were compared: resident vegetation, Festuca arundinacea Schreber (Poales: Poaceae), and bare soil. Cover management affected thrips species diversity and abundance. Two of the main species causing fruit damage in Spanish citrus, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were abundant in the resident ground cover. However, their abundance was strongly depressed in the F. arundinacea cover. The resident vegetation cover could provide a range of suitable host plants supporting populations of potential thrips pest species beyond the citrus blooming period. The F. arundinacea cover, which hosted Poaceae-specific thrips species, could also provide alternative food sources for Phytoseiidae mites. These predatory mites could reduce populations of potential thrips and other citrus pests below economic injury level. Our results confirm the suitability of F. arundinacea as a cover crop for clementine mandarins.     

沿海防护林内层沙滩引种果树试验与示范

1987～2002年,在沿海防护林内层沙滩的退化蕉柑迹地和林中空地中,引种多种优良果树的试验结果表明:(1)首次在这一特殊的立地上成功引种龙眼、荔枝、芒果、余甘子、桃、柿子、番荔枝等优良果树7种,同时,建立了这一立地种植果树特有的栽培技术,提出并验证了确保这一立地种植果树成功的保障技术;(2)种植龙眼和荔枝的经济效益分别是种植湿地松速生丰产林和农作物的12.8倍、7.68倍和9.02倍、5.41倍;(3)在沿海防护林中种植适当比例的果树,不仅不会降低其生态效益,而且还有利于促进沿海防护林体系朝着生态经济复合型的可持续方向发展。     

提高文冠果坐果率的技术措施研究

为了解决文冠果坐果率低的问题,采用田间试验的方法,进行了提高文冠果坐果率技术措施的研究。结果表明：疏除95％不孕花和疏除100％不孕花处理可极显著提高文冠果坐果率,是对照的4倍多;不同程度的疏除可孕花均有提高文冠果坐果率的效果,坐果率以每个侧生花序保留5朵可孕花处理为最高,可达97％以上;盛花期全树喷洒液体花粉,可以极显著地提高文冠果的坐果率,使其坐果率由4．6％提高到13．8％。     

Efficacy of neem oil against thrips (Thysanoptera) on mango panicles and its compatibility with mango pollinators

A field trial was conducted in a mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard located on Penang Island, Malaysia, to determine the efficacy of neem oil at 1, 2 and 3% concentrations and imidacloprid, a commonly used synthetic insecticide, on populations of thrips and their toxicities to mango pollinators. Daily periodicities of several pollinators that frequently visited mango panicles were studied prior to the insecticide trial to determine the appropriate time of insecticide application. Pollinators were collected at 2-h intervals for 2?months in the dry season and 1?month in the wet season of 2009. Mean numbers of all pollinators were greater in the morning (0800?h) and peaked in the late afternoon, but remained low during other times of the day. After two consecutive applications at 7-day interval, both neem oil and imidacloprid effectively reduced thrips populations compared to an untreated plot. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide reducing 68.7% thrips adult and 80.7% larval populations, respectively. However, it caused 92.5% mortality in pollinator populations. Neem oil at 2% was effective against adult thrips 96?h after the second application (59.8% reduction) and caused only 24.9% mortality of pollinators. Proper timing of neem oil application such as at midday when pollinators are least active would control thrips populations satisfactorily but less detrimental to mango pollinators. Future improvement of neem oil formulation should be aimed at improving its efficacy against thrips and further reducing toxicity to pollinators.     

印榕仙人掌利用现状及其发展前景

印榕仙人掌用途非常广泛，可作果、菜、药、饲料用的经济植物，又是荒山绿化、水土保持、改善生态环境的先锋树种。同时，也是胭脂虫的优良寄主植物以及、办公室的净化，街道、公园、单位绿化美化的好树种。我国金沙江、澜沧江、怒江、元江等干热、半干热河谷，山大、坡陡、石多，造林极为，可用印榕仙人掌绿化、固土、保水，这将会产生明显的生态、经济和社会效益。本文就印榕仙人掌的综合利用以及发展前景提出几点建议，供西部地区实施退耕还林（草）、生态环境治理时参考。     

Field efficacy of deltamethrin in reducing damage caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thrips tabaci</Emphasis> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on early white cabbage

Our research assessed how the number of sprayings with deltamethrin influenced the efficiency against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, on early white cabbage. The study was performed in 2002 and 2005 using the early white cabbage cultivar Parel, which is very susceptible to the attack of onion thrips. The cabbages were planted in a block-design experiment, with percentage of damage on the exterior leaves recorded according to the positions of the leaves (i.e. outer to inner). Although the attack of thrips was much greater in 2002 than in 2005, nevertheless, control plants in both years showed much more damage than plants with at least one insecticide spraying. In 2002, there was little difference between one and two sprayings, but three sprayings showed a significantly improved result. However, three sprayings of this insecticide is generally not permitted in farming practice. In 2005, no differences in efficacy among one, two and three sprayings were recorded. We also assessed a high threshold (up to 10% damaged leaf surface) and low threshold (up to 1% damaged leaf surface) for the removal of damaged leaves. In 2002, both thresholds were exceeded for control plants, but in 2005, the attack of thrips was mild enough that neither threshold was exceeded. In this case, one spraying was sufficient to reduce leaf damage below the higher (more tolerant) threshold, but three sprayings were needed to reduce leaf damage below the lower (more stringent) threshold. Therefore, in Slovenia or other parts of the world with similar climatic conditions, we recommend one spraying as broadly effective and recommend the more tolerant threshold for leaf removal.     

板栗化学疏雄试验初报

采用板栗化学疏雄增产技术,喷用"板栗化学疏雄剂",促使大量雄花提早脱落,降低树体营养消耗,从而达到板栗丰产目的。试验表明:当混合花序长度在2cm时,喷用药剂稀释度为1000～1200倍的化学疏雄剂增产效果最为显著,其喷药成本投入与产出比在1∶5以上,最高可达1∶6 3,可净增效益2110～2723元·hm-2。     

易门地区苹果棉蚜的危害特性及其防治试验

为有效防治易门地区危害渐趋严重的苹果棉蚜,开展了该虫害危害特性以及药剂防治的研究。据观察,苹果棉蚜在易门1年发生20代,3月中旬至10月中旬是1、2龄若蚜繁殖危害最严重的时期,果实采收后至树体萌发前是防治的最佳时期。不同药剂的防治试验结果表明40％的氧化乐果1800倍液加1％o的洗衣粉是防治苹果地上部分棉蚜的较佳药液;另每株根施0．25kg高丙体内吸粉剂对根部的苹果棉蚜具有较好的杀灭作用。3年来,以化学防治为主,辅以配套的综合防治及检疫技术措施,使易门40．8hm2苹果园的植株受害率由48．5％降至2．65％,取得了较好防治效果。