薄壁型钢—竹胶板组合楼板抗弯性能研究

为了推进建筑楼板的轻型化,提出在两张竹胶板之间粘结两根薄壁C型钢,并用竹板条封边形成一种新型钢竹组合楼板,并进行3种组合楼板的试验研究及理论分析。①钢竹界面仅用粘合剂粘结的单纯胶结型;②钢竹界面用粘合剂粘结并钉入紧固件的复合胶结型;③钢竹界面采取粘合剂与紧固件并用,且在型钢两侧粘贴竹板条的型钢强化型。试验结果表明：螺钉紧固件有效地抑制界面连续的大面积脱胶,钢竹组合效应有所改善;型钢强化型组合板整体工作性能优良,能够提供较高的刚度和很高的承载力;新型组合楼板的力学性能可以满足作为建筑楼板的需要。根据组合楼板在正常使用阶段是理想的整体弹性变形试验结果,提出组合楼板抗弯刚度的计算方法;根据破坏阶段型钢的应力状态提出组合楼板极限抗弯承载力极限计算方法,据此计算的组合楼板跨中挠度及受弯承载力的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

轻质钢竹组合楼板受弯承载力试验研究

提出一种新型的轻质组合楼板——两张竹胶板之间夹一张压型铜板，竹板与钢板之间用高强度结构胶粘剂粘结形成钢竹组合楼板。以竹胶板厚度、铜板墀度和组合楼板跨度为参数，对6块钢竹组合楼板试件进行抗弯性能试验。通过试验观察各级荷载作用下压型铜板及竹板中的应变变化、组合楼板挠度的发展，探讨组合楼板的破坏过程、破坏形态及破坏机理，考察楼板的组合效应，并获得组合楼板的极限抗弯承载力。结果表明，钢竹组合楼板整体工作性能优良，竹胶板与钢板之间具有很好的组合效应，能够提供较高的刚度和承载力；根据组合楼板破坏阶段的应力状态，本文提出组合楼板受弯承载力计算方法，据此计算的受弯承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好。研究表明，钢竹组合楼板力学性能优良，可以满足作为建筑楼板的需要，具有很好的发展前景.     

胶合木T梁负弯曲性能试验研究

【目的】探讨胶合木T梁的负弯曲性能,观察极限状态下构件的破坏形式,解析极限状态下构件的破坏机理,推导极限承载能力计算模型,以期为工程实际应用提供理论参考依据。【方法】采用跨中荷载试验与理论计算对比方式进行研究,实测分析了两组试件的应变、挠度、抗弯刚度、极限承载力及延性结果,观察分析了胶合木梁的破坏形态与破坏机理,基于Rammer剪切强度公式将弯剪强度理论值和试验值进行了对比。用兴安落叶松作为原材料,以剪跨比、跨高比为参数,设计制作2组即A组3根(高跨比1/12,剪跨比5.2)、B组3根(高跨比1/14,剪跨比6.1),共计6根平行胶合木T梁试件。将T梁反转成倒T梁,在两端简支条件下跨中加载产生正弯矩,使肋板受压、翼板受拉,模拟连续T梁跨中支承截面的受力性能。【结果】1)两组构件整体工作性能良好,受弯时极限破坏形态均为中部顺纹剪切破坏。2)两组构件相比,B组较于A组试件,屈服荷载降低9.7%,跨中屈服位移提高27.5%,极限抗弯承载力降低10.4%,跨中极限位移提高42.7%,抗弯刚度降低36%,延性系数提高22.4%。3)两组构件的荷载应变曲线在达到屈服点之前呈比例关系,满足平截面假定。4)受剪力滞效应影响,两组构件的跨中截面翼缘板正应力横向分布不均匀,呈现随距离肋板中心位置越远而越小的关系,最大差值比率达30%。5)构建了弯剪承载力计算模型,理论值与试验值最大相差3.1%,匹配度较高。【结论】总结了胶合木连续T梁在跨中支承截面的受力变形规律,揭示了其破坏机理,构建了极限弯剪承载力计算模型,经验证,具有一定的可靠性。     

胶合木-混凝土组合楼板受弯性能有限元分析北大核心

为研究胶合木-混凝土组合楼板受弯性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立9个组合楼板模型,其中楼板部分采用实体单元,钢筋采用桁架单元。有限元分析采用三分点加载方式,研究组合楼板模型纯弯段混凝土强度、连接方式、混凝土层厚度以及胶合木厚度等因素对组合楼板抗弯强度的影响,并探究组合楼板纯弯段的破坏形态。结果表明:采用胶结加抗剪连接件连接的组合楼板其受弯极限承载力比采用胶结连接的组合楼板提高了11.35%,比采用抗剪连接件的组合楼板提高了32.64%。混凝土强度、胶合木层厚度及混凝土层厚度的增加均能提高组合楼板的极限承载力。胶合木-混凝土组合楼板表现出良好的抗弯性能,且能减少混凝土用量,发挥木材的优势,值得在实际工程中推广应用。     

冷弯薄壁型钢-稻草板组合墙体抗剪性能研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-纸面稻草板组合墙体力学性能,对4面冷弯薄壁型钢-纸面稻草板组合墙体试件进行了单调水平抗剪性能试验。分析了各试件破坏形态和破坏过程,得到组合墙体的屈服荷载、极限荷载及延性系数、抗侧移刚度等性能指标。研究结果表明:冷弯薄壁型钢与纸面稻草板通过自攻螺钉连接组合方式合理,组合效应良好;组合墙体经历弹性、弹塑性、破坏三个阶段,其主要破坏模式为边立柱底部局压屈曲,部分纸面稻草板在螺钉孔处被撕裂;组合墙体具有较大的抗剪承载力,延性系数和抗侧移刚度等指标表现良好;施加上部竖向荷载使组合墙体抗剪承载力降低,带有斜撑的组合墙体能够显著提高抗剪承载力。该组合墙体抗剪承载力和抗侧移刚度对于实际工程具有参考意义。     

云杉胶合木钢板斜螺钉连接的剪切性能研究

为准确评价斜螺钉连接钢 木节点的剪切性能,探明其受力机理,以云杉胶合木、钢板和自攻螺钉作为研究材料,测试不同荷载方向与受力情况下斜螺钉连接节点的承载性能,将试验数据与国外规范中的计算模型进行对比,提高了侧边钢板 胶合木(钢 木)斜螺钉连接节点承载性能的预测能力。结果表明:自攻螺钉与剪切面之间的角度变化对其在钢 木节点承受剪 压复合应力的承载力影响不明显,当偏转为剪 拉复合应力时,节点承载力明显增大,并在30°~45°获得最大值;剪 压复合应力时,现行EC5公式计算剪 压节点的极限承载力非常不安全;EC5的刚度预测结果在剪 压复合应力区和垂直剪切面钉入时,与试验值吻合度很高,但对剪 拉区节点的滑移模量没有预测性;将Tomasi模型应用于斜螺钉连接钢 木节点滑移模量理论计算时,在45°~90°时与试验值吻合度极高。单颗自攻螺钉的抗拔刚度计算节点滑移模量的方法极为有效,具有较高的借鉴意义。     

内聚力模型在钢-竹组合梁变形分析中的应用

钢-竹组合结构的界面是由竹胶板和冷弯薄壁型钢通过结构胶粘接形成的,为解决有限元分析中界面处理的问题,采用内聚力单元,以此为基础建立钢-竹组合双搭接试件及工字形梁的有限元模型对其进行数值分析,同时制作3个不同搭接长度作为参数的双搭接试件和5根不同规格的组合梁进行静力加载试验,绘制荷载-位移曲线与模拟结果进行对比。研究结果表明:组合梁界面破坏主要发生在翼缘部分,其变形曲线主要由两部分组成且均呈线性分布,界面损伤后梁的刚度下降明显;两种试件的试验结果与有限元结果均吻合良好,误差均在10%以内;组合梁界面胶层的破坏过程与试验观察到的结果相同;内聚力模型模拟钢-竹界面具有一定的可靠性。     

胶合板-薄壁型钢组合楼板的振动及受弯性能研究

提出一种由冷弯薄壁型钢与意杨胶合板通过结构胶和螺钉连接而成的钢木组合板。研究钢板厚度、胶合板厚度、组合板高度、板跨等因素对组合板自振特性与受弯特性的影响,并提出一种更简便有效的舒适度判别标准。结果表明,意杨胶合板与薄壁型钢能很好地协同工作,提高型钢板厚与胶合板板厚,可显著提高组合板的承载能力与振动舒适度,且振动性能和抗弯承载能力满足建筑楼板的要求。推荐用于跨度3.6 m的住宅或办公室建筑楼板。     

竹-原木组合梁受弯承载力试验与数值模拟

【目的】竹、木结构使用越来越广泛,传统竹、木结构跨度、结构尺寸和承载力受到材料特性多因素影响,大多以钢木、木混等组合居多,竹木组合结构很少,对竹木组合结构受力特性研究甚少。揭示竹木组合梁结构受力特性与承载力计算关系。【方法】以原木为骨架,利用环氧树脂胶合剂连接竹集成材一种竹-原木组合梁试验模型,采用结构尺寸和特性一致的3根原木梁和3根竹-原木组合梁,进行了三分点加载受弯对比试验,分析两种结构梁的破坏形态、极限承载力、抗弯刚度和应变变化规律。【结果】1)原木梁和竹-原木组合梁均发生脆性破坏,两种原材料天然缺陷对受弯承载力有较大影响。2)跨中截面沿高度应变仍基本符合平截面假定,说明竹材和木材能够协同工作。3)竹-原木组合梁相比原木梁组平均值抗弯承载力提高了38.8%,刚度提高43.3%,跨中挠度增加24.2%。4)竹原木组合梁受弯承载力计算简式的理论计算与与试验结果进行对比,竹-原木组合梁极限承载力相比原木梁提高37.36%与试验结果提高38.8%,平均误差值在5%以内。【结论】说明竹片充分发挥抗拉性能,抗弯刚度和承载力均有较大提高;假定推理出了数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,该研究成果对于竹-木组合结构设计以及在木结构工程中的应用提供了试验和理论依据。     

落叶松顺纹销槽承压屈服强度研究

销槽承压屈服强度是销连接节点承载性能的重要参数,对于确定节点承载性能及其可靠度的计算具有关键意义。采用公称直径5.5 mm的钻尾自攻螺钉和直径分别为6,8,10 mm的螺栓,对4组60个落叶松销槽承压试件进行单调加载试验,通过5%直径偏移法确定其销槽承压屈服强度,比较销槽承压屈服强度与销栓类型和直径的关系。根据试验结果,评价文献和各标准中的理论方程对落叶松销槽承压屈服强度预测的可行性,从而为木结构销连接承载力的计算、设计提供参考。试验结果表明:销槽承压试件的破坏发生在槽孔受压区域,竖向顺纹裂缝部分出现在槽孔下方,部分出现在槽孔边缘,试件破坏时表现出明显的脆性特征。钻尾自攻螺钉承压试件的承压屈服强度远小于螺栓试件,随着螺栓直径的增大,最大荷载也随之增大,承压屈服强度随着螺栓直径的增大呈减小趋势,至直径8 mm时其承压屈服强度趋于稳定。通过对相关文献和各标准与试验结果进行比较,对欧洲木结构设计规范EC5中销槽承压屈服强度的计算模型进行了修正,修正后的公式对落叶松顺纹销槽承压屈服强度的预测能力更强。     

Investigation of the structural performance of glulam beam connections using self-tapping screws

The characteristic strength properties of structural glulam connections assembled with self-tapping screws were examined following the ASTM testing procedure in the study. Four screw types with various numbers were designated at each connection of the beam–girder structure with different nailing schedules. The results indicated that the maximum load capacity and dissipated energy of a connection fastened with 10-mm self-tapping screws were higher than those with 8-mm screws. And, the screws with both double-threaded sections and fully threaded shanks were higher than those of single-threaded screws. An improvement on the initial stiffness of a connection was found when the number of self-tapping screws increased. The connections assembled with the toe-nailing approach from the beam’s bottom surface provided higher maximum loading capacity, medium initial stiffness, and a larger ductility factor, resulting in higher dissipated energy with less fragile failure. The derived allowable loading values for a beam–girder connection fastened with self-tapping screws using the face-nailing approach were close to the code values for bolted and pinned connections. And, a toe-nailing approach provided higher allowable loads for connections than using a face-nail approach.     

Effect of end connections on mid-span load capacity of laminated particleboard bookshelves

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of joints on the mid-span load capacity of bookshelves made from laminated particleboard. Twenty types of joints were selected based on their popularity in the cabinet-making industry. Results showed that highest mid-span load capacities were obtained with glued groove joints that included glued wooden dowels. Overall, highest mid-span load capacities were obtained with fixed shelf-joint constructions, whereas lower capacities were obtained with adjustable constructions. Based on its high-load capacity and ease of construction, the spline joint appears best-suited for use by most craftsmen. Statistical lower tolerance limits were used to take capacity variability into account for design purposes. The 75% confidence|75% proportion limits for the glued wood spline and glued fiberboard spline joints were 94% and 93% of average, respectively.     

Duration-of-load and creep effects in strand-based wood composite: a creep-rupture model

In order to investigate the creep and duration-of-load (DOL) effects in thick strand-based wood composite products, a creep-rupture model is proposed linking the accumulated damage to creep deformation. Results from long-term constant load tests have been interpreted by means of this creep-rupture model, which is capable of representing the time-dependent deflection and time-to-failure data at different stress levels. The predictions of the model have been verified using results from ramp load test at different rates of loading. The creep-rupture model incorporates the short-term strength of the material, the load history and predicts the deflection history as well as the time-to-failure. As it is a probabilistic model, it allows its incorporation into a time-reliability study of wood composites’ applications.     

国产自攻螺钉抗钉帽拉穿强度研究

针对自攻螺钉的抗钉帽拉穿强度进行评价,测试了不同直径、不同钉帽形式的国产自攻螺钉在SPF规格材和重组竹中的抗钉帽拉穿强度。试验结果表明:在同种材料上自攻螺钉的抗钉帽拉穿强度取决于钉帽类型和螺钉直径。所有SPF试件均出现钉帽拉穿破坏,重组竹试件个别出现钉帽拉穿破坏,大部分则出现自攻螺钉拉断破坏。自攻螺钉在重组竹中的抗钉帽拉穿强度远大于在SPF规格材中强度。     

木榫旋转焊接节点剪切试验研究与理论分析

为研究无胶层合木梁中旋转焊接木榫的抗剪性能,选用山毛榉木榫旋转焊接SPF(spruce-pine-fir)层板,制备20个单榫焊接节点试件开展双剪试验,获得其破坏模式及荷载-位移曲线.试件的破坏模式为木榫受剪出现类双铰破坏,同时开孔附近基材受木榫挤压破坏.试件的平均峰值位移为4.460 mm,平均峰值荷载为6.127 ...     

Wood friction characteristics during exposure to high pressure: influence of wood/metal tool surface finishing conditions

Friction that arises during processing for the deformation of wood under relatively high pressure levels (ca. >1 MPa) is an important factor to be taken into account when wood is processed. However, few studies on such friction have been published. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of surface finishing conditions on the nominal friction coefficient (μ) of the wood and metal tool surfaces. Sticking friction was likely to arise on a relatively coarse metal surface, and the type of metal tool surface finishing was found to have large impact on the friction mechanism. The friction characteristics during exposure to high pressure seem to be affected not only by the interface contact characteristics, but also by the deformation characteristics of wood during compressive load or measurement. The value of μ on water-saturated wood was equal or higher than that on dry wood, which suggests that the contact characteristics between these two types of wood are significantly different. The water content in wood was shown to affect both the interface contact and deformation characteristics of wood. The value of μ was not significantly affected by the wood surface finishing conditions; however, changes in μ during sliding differed slightly, depending on the finishing conditions.     

钢筋混凝土组合梁的ANSYS有限元程序验证

钢－混凝土组合梁是指钢梁和混凝土板通过剪力连接件连接形成整体共同工作的受弯构件,具有良好的受力性能。当前组合梁采用部分剪力连接设计但是滑移效应更为突出。本文主要针对有限元分析中所使用到的单元类型、材料属性做了基本介绍。验证所选用的有限元模型能够较好地反映混凝土和钢材的非线性性质以及混凝土板与钢梁之间的滑移性能。通过算例分析结果表明,使用ANSYS程序对组合梁进行有限元分析的方法是可行的。     

Transient moisture effects on wood creep

To gain insight into the physical nature of the coupling between mechanical stress and humidity variations, the behaviour of thin wood strips was studied using specially developed apparatus for creep/recovery and relaxation/blotting-out tests in a controlled humidity environment. The load time and the rate of viscoelastic creep were found to have little influence on mechano-sorptive creep. Moreover, creep trajectory curves for specimens with continuous and interrupted humidity cycles indicated divergence from simple creep-limit behaviour. The effect of transient moisture was also modelled numerically at the molecular level using an idealized cellulose-based composite. Preliminary results suggest that: (i) during free shrinkage, the cellulose chains in elementary fibrils may bend perpendicular to the planes of the hydrogen bonded sheets which form the crystalline lattice; (ii) transient hydrogen bonding between the crystalline cellulose and amorphous polymer owing to the introduction or removal of water may accelerate shear slip between the two phases in the presence of an external load. Received 6 July 2000 The financial support of the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science is gratefully acknowledged.