麦茬机插水稻淮稻9号高产栽培技术

近年来,我们对本地麦茬机插水稻淮稻9号高产栽培技术进行了探索。在2005、2006年连续两年大面积机插水稻产量650～700kg／667m^2的基础上,2007年我们在钟庄镇钟西居委会的7．2hm^2田进行连片示范种植,其中,8块田产量接近800kg／667m^2,并对其中一块申请江苏省和盐城市超级稻专家组现场组织人员进行单收单脱,除去水份、杂质,折实产764．2kg／667m^2,整个示范田获得平均产量712．2kg／667m^2,深得承包农户和周围农户的欢迎。     

盐碱地水稻旱作节水灌溉技术探讨

白城市洮北区从1987年试验研究采用井水种植水稻35hm^2,到1996年历经10年开发创业,水田种植面积跨过2万hm^2大关。又经过8年市场经济的洗礼,井水种稻667m^2产量由1996年的430kg提高到2004年的550kg,提高了28％。     

稻田养鸭技术初探

本文简介了黑龙江省海林市海林镇农民金光仁，在自家1．5hm^2稻田内放养鸭子，获得水稻500kg／667m^2、总效益增加18562-22275元的好收成。     

水稻增产素的应用效果试验

两年大区试验结果表明：在水稻返青期与返青肥一起施入水稻增产素1kg／667m^2，分蘖期再施入0．5kg／667m^2，可使空育131增产10％，上育增产24．5％，特别是在低温年施用效果更明显。试验是在两年、两个品种、15hm^2的大面积上进行的，结果具有一定的代表性，可大面积推广。     

稻田里的"超级梦想"——记破水稻世界单产纪录的我国水稻育种制种专家刘文炳研究员

2006年8月25日，云南省永胜县涛源水稻超高产科技示范场再次传出特大喜讯，由我国著名杂交水稻育种制种专家刘文炳研究员选育的Ⅱ优4886，经福建省专家严格的全坵现场实割验收744m^2，最终单产高达1279．7kg／667m^2，打破了他本人选育的Ⅱ优28在2005年现场验收767m^2创下的1229．97kg／667m^2的水稻世界高产水平，也刷新了他选育的Ⅱ优6号在2004年现场验收714m^2取得的1219．9kg／667m^2的水稻世界高产水平。     

浅谈稻薯复种栽培技术

为实现土地资源的有效利用，进行了水稻与马铃薯的复种栽培试验。结果表明：马铃薯一般产量可达1200～1500kg／667m^2，下茬水稻产量可达500kg／667m^2，两茬合计总产值1500～1800元／667m^2，是稻区农业产业结构调整、增产增收的好项目．     

关于水稻生产的几个热点问题

自上世纪70年代杂交水稻育成以后,湖南双季晚稻生产出现了一个飞跃,每667m^2单产由350kg提高到了500k。但自1985年以后,水稻单产徘徊不前,早稻或晚稻单产500k／667m^2的瓶颈近20年没有突破。这其中原因之一是水稻品种的选育方向由产量向抗逆性和米质转变,并得到了较大的改进,从“今日不卖湖南米”到目前生产出的“超泰米”就足以说明这一点。     

水稻测土配方施肥“3414”试验

通过水稻肥料效应试验,找出适宦当地的水稻施肥量,实现科学合理用肥。试验结果表明,水稻产量与氮、磷、钾肥施用精之间具有显著的回归关系。试验地最佳施肥量N为15．71kg／667in。、P20,为6．28kg／667m。、K20为9．86kg／667m^2,朱要素比例N：P205：K20=1：0．40：0．63,产鲢521．59kg／667m＆2,投入产出比为1：6．29;最高产量施肥量为N18．42kg／667m^2、P2052．08kg／667m2和K2032．58kg／667m^2,N：P20j：K20=1：0．11：1．77,产量544．16kg／667m^2．投入产m比为1：4．65。     

种植密度和施氮水平对武粳15产量和物质积累的影响初探

研究表明,水稻的单产与拔节、抽穗期的干物质积累量及叶面积指数（LAI）均呈极显著的二次曲线关系,与成熟期的干物重及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著的直线关系。水稻武粳15以每667m^2栽1．5万丛、每丛栽2苗、施纯氮22kg时产量最高。拔节、抽穗期适宜的干物质积累量分别为298．8kg／667m^2、789．3kg／667m^2;适宜LAI为4．1和7．7,成熟期干物重在1350kg／667m^2以上,抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量在550kg／667m^2以上。     

寒地水稻两段式育苗栽培技术本田密度与施肥量互作研究

寒地水稻两段式育苗高产栽培技术的本田密度与施肥量二因素互作试验表明,密度为16．8穴／m^2和227．5kg／hm^2施肥量互作时水稻产量最高,达到9525．6kg／hm^2。     

Freeze tolerance of forage bermudagrasses

The ability to survive harsh winters is one of the primary factors limiting bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) distribution, especially those used for forage. Consequently, improved stress tolerance has been a goal of programmes for breeding bermudagrasses. While significant progress has been made in developing and evaluating freeze tolerance of turfgrasses, information on forage bermudagrasses is limited. Our objective was to evaluate freeze tolerance of recently released forage bermudagrasses compared with standard cultivars. Plants were established and acclimated in growth chambers and exposed to sub‐freezing temperatures in a programmable freeze chamber. Plant responses to low‐temperature exposures were quantified by regrowth mass. Freeze tolerance of Tifton 44 and Coastal was not significantly different from Midland, the reference cultivar. Coastcross, Tifton 85 and Tifton 68 were more susceptible to low‐temperature injury than Midland, while Hardie, Goodwell, Midland 99 and Ozark were more freeze tolerant than Midland. Ozark, Midland 99, Goodwell and Hardie are less likely to sustain winterkill than Coastcross, Tifton 85 and Tifton 68 in areas that frequently experience low temperatures. Cultivars with one or more parents originating in Kenya had poor freeze tolerance, while germplasm from Yugoslavia and Afghanistan produced plants that were more freeze tolerant.     

Inheritance of tolerance ofGlobodera pallida and the relationship between tolerance and resistance toG. pallida in potatoes

Summary The tolerance of and resistance toGlobodera pallida of two potato progenies which segregated for these characteristics were assessed in pots in the glasshouse. The level of tolerance varied widely between genotypes within the progenies, with several genotypes being significantly more tolerant than the intolerant parent. The levels of resistance and tolerance in the progenies were not significantly correlated. No indications were obtained that the ranking of genotypes for tolerance is influenced by the density ofG. pallida in the soil. The results confirm that selection for tolerance in aG. pallida resistance breeding programme is useful and feasible.     

大豆回交群体耐旱耐盐的选择牵连效应及响应分析

本研究利用回交群体和多位点扫描分析方法研究了逆境胁迫下的选择牵连效应,找到相应的基因组区段,并分析了这些区段对不同选择条件的响应。结果如下：随机群体标记偏分离率为34.38%（P＜0.0001）,相比,经耐旱、耐盐选择后标记偏分离率分别扩大到51.56%和55.88%。说明经过耐旱、耐盐选择后回交导入系群体等位基因偏分离更为严重,群体基因型结构发生变化,明确显示了选择牵连效应的存在。基于牵连效应的选择响应,根据供体等位基因导入频率在耐旱、耐盐选择群体与随机群体中的表现,经卡方分析在0.0001水平下检测到3个耐旱相关位点（Satt338、Satt640和S at_108）,5个耐盐相关位点（Sat_271、Satt726、Satt640、Satt513和Sat_108）。本研究为选择牵连效应分析方法的有效应用和大豆分子设计育种奠定了基础。     

甘蓝型油菜对常用稻田除草剂的耐性评价

为降低稻田除草剂残留对油菜生产的风险,筛选不同除草剂耐性的油菜品种,以19个长江流域大面积应用的油菜品种为材料,选择吡嘧磺隆、丙草胺、灭草松、氰氟草酯等4种常用稻田除草剂,通过营养液纸培试验,考查发芽率及幼苗期株高、最大根长、鲜重、干重等性状,以各性状的耐除草剂系数作为衡量指标,对油菜品种进行除草剂的耐性综合评价。结果发现,在稻田除草剂胁迫下,油菜各生长指标反应因基因型而不同,差异显著。通过聚类分析筛选出与除草剂对应的耐性相对较强的油菜品种,并认为主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析的方法综合评价更全面更稳定可靠。在稻-油生产模式中,建议根据水稻除草剂种类,选择对应的耐性油菜品种,降低生产风险。     

大豆抗旱性和抗光氧化特性相互关系的研究

采用地理来源不同的５０份大豆种质资源，利用人工控水法研究了它们的抗旱性。将上述材料的离体叶片在夏季放入水中，在晴天日照形成的光氧化逆境下处理４ｄ后，根据供试材料光合色素的衰退情况，决定各品种的抗光氧化级别。将大豆的抗旱性和抗光氧化特性进行相关分析，两者的相关系数为ｒ＝０．８３６６＊＊。初步结果说明大豆的抗光氧化性和抗旱性有着较高的相关性。     

Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and production. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important stapl...     

Comparative defoliation tolerance of temperate perennial grasses

The defoliation tolerance of cultivars of four temperate perennial pasture grasses, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Yatsyn1), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian), tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae cv. Demeter) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto), was determined under controlled conditions over a period of 12 weeks. Undefoliated plants were compared with defoliated plants, where only half of one leaf was left intact at the initial defoliation, and leaf regrowth was harvested every 3–4 d. The growth responses measured were plant tiller number, dry weight, relative leaf regrowth rate, root:shoot ratio, sheath:stem ratio and specific leaf weight. All species showed morphological adaptations that potentially increased their ability to tolerate defoliation (e.g. increased allocation to shoot at the expense of roots and lower specific leaf weights) but cocksfoot was found to be the most defoliation‐tolerant and perennial ryegrass the least. The adaptation that favoured cocksfoot most strongly was high sheath:stem ratio, which, it is proposed, allowed it to maintain photosynthesis and a level of carbon supply sufficient to support regrowth throughout the experiment. The strategy of perennial ryegrass which favours leaf growth and leads to rapid leaf turnover rates made it particularly susceptible to defoliation under the conditions of this experiment. This highlights the likely importance of defoliation‐avoidance responses in explaining the well‐known grazing resistance of this species. Phalaris and tall fescue showed responses that were intermediate between the other two species. The importance of defoliation‐avoidance mechanisms and implications for grazing management are discussed.     

不同大豆种质种子耐浸水能力鉴定

播种后遭遇渍害是南方夏大豆生产面临的主要逆境危害之一。为研究不同大豆种质播后对浸水耐性差异表现，以种子浸种120h模拟渍害条件，测定137份大豆材料浸泡液电导率，并进行标准发芽试验，统计种子发芽势（GPP）、发芽率（GP）、正常苗率（NSP）等指标，并利用主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法对多个指标进行多元统计分析，利用综合耐浸水指标及简易指标对大豆种子耐浸水能力进行等级划分，筛选耐浸水能力强的大豆材料。结果表明，浸水处理120h后，GPP、GP、NSP、轻微损伤粒率（SISP）、严重损伤粒率（IBSP）、烂粒率（DSP）及电导率等6个指标的变异系数均大于50%，GPP、GP和NSP同大豆百粒重呈显著负相关，电导率同百粒重呈显著正相关。利用主成分分析提取两个主成分：“健康因子”和“过渡因子”，贡献率分别为64.45%和15.83%，根据两因子得分矩阵进行聚类分析，可将供试材料划分为3类。利用综合指标法将137份大豆材料划分为5种耐浸水级别，表现耐浸水的大豆材料9份，并在GP、GPP、NSP三个简易耐浸水指标筛选中同时表现耐浸水的大豆材料5份，可作为进一步筛选鉴定的对照种质资源。大豆浸泡液电导率与种子正常苗率相结合可作为大批量筛选耐浸水种质的指标。     

大麦的耐盐性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外大麦耐盐性研究进展,包括大麦耐盐机理和对盐胁迫的响应,同时指出了目前研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。