植物源杀虫剂作用机理的研究

本文从植物源杀虫剂的作用特点入手,介绍了植物源杀虫剂的4种主用作用机理,全面阐述毒理机制,并总结研究植物源杀虫剂作用机理的意义,为植物源农药的更深一步应用奠定理论基础.     

新疆有毒植物资源及其植物源杀虫剂开发应用前景

植物源杀虫剂(botanical insecticides)就是利用植物的某些部位或提取成分,加工成有杀虫作用的杀虫剂。在新疆,有毒植物资源种类繁多。通过介绍新疆有毒植物的资源概况,讨论有毒植物作为农业杀虫剂的应用现状和存在问题,提出其种质资源作为植物源杀虫剂的开发利用前景。     

杀虫植物颗粒剂对地老虎诱杀效果初报

利用对地老虎幼虫具诱杀作用的夹竹桃叶植物颗粒剂在棉花苗期进行诱杀试验 ,结果表明 :杀虫植物颗粒剂在棉田对地老虎幼虫有较强的诱杀效果 ,平均死亡率达 83.3% ,显示了一定的实用性 ,为植物源杀虫剂的开发利用提供了一种新的思路     

植物源提取物防治根结线虫的分子研究

针对内生真菌的生物防治,重点阐述了中草药提取物的杀虫活性、植物抗线虫基因的发现以及植物防御系统激发的最新研究.植物源提取物作为潜在的线虫杀虫剂,为生物源农药开发和利用提供新的思路.同时,对于今后线虫杀虫剂开发中存在的问题及解决方案进行了探讨,就其发展方向提出了建议.     

微胶囊技术在植物源杀虫剂中的应用研究进展

对微胶囊技术在植物源杀虫剂中的应用进行总结,采用微胶囊技术制备植物源杀虫剂可提高其稳定性,通过控制释放时间及释放速度来提高其活性。微胶囊技术也是植物源杀虫剂在实际应用中最能模仿自然植物灭虫过程的技术。     

甘肃省开发出植物源杀虫剂,喷洒3分钟后蔬菜可直接食用

一种名为0.2%苦皮藤素复方微乳剂的杀虫剂,近日在甘肃昱洁农业科技公司正式投产。据发明人邓志宏介绍,该农药可直接喷洒到新鲜蔬菜上,3分钟后不仅害虫被消灭,蔬菜还可以直接食用。昱洁公司开发的这种纯天然植物源生物农药产品,在我国生物农药研究领域,特别是在纯天然植物源生物农药研究     

植物源杀虫剂的研究与应用

本文简要综述我国植物源杀虫剂的研究现状,介绍了杀虫活性物质的类型、有效成分、防治对象、杀虫机理及开发前景。     

植物源杀虫剂的研究现状与展望

本文介绍了植物源杀虫剂的研究现状,研究途径以及研究过程中存在的问题,并对这些问题提出了相应的改进措施,简单叙述了其发展前景。     

《中国植物源农药研究与应用》

正首部全面反映我国植物源农药研究与应用领域发展的集大成学术著作!("十三五"国家重点出版物出版规划项目;国家科学技术学术著作出版基金项目)吴文君,胡兆农,姬志勤等编著化学工业出版社出版·全面阐述了我国植物源农药领域30多年来的研究与应用成果,具有极强的系统性、新颖性、引领性与学术性。·归纳总结了66种植物源杀虫剂、135种植物源杀菌剂、39种植物源除草剂以及几十余种植物源杀线虫剂、杀鼠剂、杀螺剂的研究进展及成果,精心收集了200余张植株形态线条图,以及具有完全自主知识产权的近300张高清原色图谱。     

微生物农药在俄罗斯的应用进展

微生物农药因其副作用小、对环境兼容性好而日益成为全球农药发展的一种趋势和方向。本文以细菌杀虫剂、真菌杀虫剂、病毒杀虫剂、微生物除草剂、植物生长调节剂、农用抗生素作为微生物农药的代表,介绍了微生物农药的研究、应用现状及其在俄罗斯的研究进展,并对我国与俄罗斯在微生物农药领域的合作进行了展望。     

植物性杀虫剂印楝的研究进展

对植物性杀虫剂印楝的研究正在向两个方向发展, 一是深入到分子毒理水平, 进行结构与活性关系的研究; 另一方面是研究其在害虫防治中的应用。文章就目前印楝制剂的使用技术研究状况作了评述。由于植物性杀虫剂在作用方式和作用机制上与有机合成杀虫剂有一定的差别, 对害虫的作用靶标有所不同, 因此, 在剂型和药剂分散体系的设计上也有所不同,对这些相关领域进行深入研究, 将能更有效地发挥包括印楝在内的植物性杀虫剂在田间的使用效果, 是植物性杀虫剂研究中一个非常重要的内容。     

Neem and other Botanical insecticides: Barriers to commercialization

In spite of the wide recognition that many plants possess insecticidal properties, only a handful of pest control products directly obtained from plants,i. e., botanical insecticides, are in use in developed countries. The demonstrated efficacy of the botanical neem (based on seed kernel extracts ofAzadirachta indica), and its recent approval for use in the United States, has stimulated research and development of other botanical insecticides. However, the commercialization of new botanical insecticides can be hindered by a number of issues. The principal barriers to commercialization of new botanicals are (i) scarcity of the natural resource; (ii) standardization and quality control; and (iii) registration. These issues are no problem (i) or considerably less of a problem (ii, iii) with conventional insecticides. In this review I discuss these issues and suggest how the problems may be overcome in the future. Based on a paper presented at the symposiumBiopesticides for Crop Protection, Seoul National University Suwon, South Korea, 22 August 1996.     

生物技术在植物性杀虫剂研究开发中的应用

植物性杀虫剂是与环境有较高和谐度的害虫控制制，但研究开发进程缓慢。生物技术将是二十一世纪的主导技术，是解决人类面临的诸多问题的有力武器。利用基因工程技术对杀虫植物进行遗传改良以提高植物性杀虫剂的含量。应用植物细胞培养技术对高效杀虫植物加大繁殖力度以及对杀虫植物进行器官、细胞大规律发酵培养，从而解决植物性杀虫剂的来源问题。利用昆虫细胞培养技术可以加快有效杀虫植物的初筛和 植物性杀虫剂的抗性预报等。可见，生物技术与植物性杀虫剂研究的有机结合，必将使这门学科更好、更快地向前发展。     

Effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins on the gut enzyme of the rice leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis

The effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins on gut enzyme activity of larvae of the rice leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated. Gut enzyme activities were affected by botanical insecticides and bacterial toxin individually and in combination. When fed a diet of rice leaves treated with botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins, in bioassays the activities of gut tissue enzymes — acid phosphatases (ACP), alkaline phosphatases (ALP) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) — of rice leaffolder larvae were affected. When combined, the effect was more severe at a low concentration. Larvae that were chronically exposed to botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins showed a reduction in weight (59–89%) and exhibited a significant reduction in ACP, ALP and ATPase activities. The combination ofBacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and botanical insecticides caused a decrease of twofold in enzyme activity even at reduced concentration. A synergistic effect was found when botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins were combined at low doses. These effects were most pronounced in early instars. Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity. In conclusion: (i) biopesticides are relatively safe and biodegradable; (ii) a synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins was found; (iii) less expensive, readily available and naturally occurring biopesticides could be an alternative for organic and inorganic pesticides in controlling RLF. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 28, 2004.     

A renaissance for botanical insecticides?

Botanical insecticides continue to be a subject of keen interest among the international research community, reflected in the steady growth in scientific publications devoted to the subject. Until very recently though, the translation of that theory to practice, i.e. the commercialisation and adoption of new botanical insecticides in the marketplace, has seriously lagged behind. Strict regulatory regimes, long the bane of small pesticide producers, are beginning to relax some of the data requirements for ‘low‐risk’ pesticide products, facilitating movement of more botanicals into the commercial arena. In this paper I discuss some of the jurisdictions where botanicals are increasingly finding favour, some of the newer botanical insecticides in the plant and animal health arsenal and some of the specific sectors where botanicals are most likely to compete effectively with other types of insecticidal product. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

两种植物源杀虫剂产品的开发及应用

杨凌馥稷生物科技有限公司针对甘蓝蚜、甘蓝菜青虫分别开发出植物源杀虫剂1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、0.4%蛇床子素可溶液剂进行防治，均有较好的防效。两种植物源杀虫剂产品在农业生产中具有较好的推广应用前景。     

5种植物源杀虫剂防治烟蚜效果研究

选用5种不同的植物源杀虫剂3%苦参碱水剂,0.2%苦皮藤素乳油,0.3%印楝素乳油,0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂,4%鱼藤酮乳油对烟蚜进行田间防治试验。结果表明,3%苦参碱水剂和0.2%苦皮藤素乳油对烟蚜防效皆达到90%以上,药效期可持续20 d。因此,3%苦参碱水剂和0.2%苦皮藤素乳油这两种植物源杀虫剂可作为无公害烟叶和有机烟叶生产中防治烟蚜的推荐药剂。     

常用杀虫剂对块耳霉菌落生长和产孢的影响

为探讨杀虫剂与虫生真菌的相容性，并为在蚜霉菌流行期间合理施用化学农药提供参考依据，采用测量菌落直径法和培养皿计数法，研究了20种常用杀虫剂对块耳霉菌落生长和产孢的影响。供试验的20种杀虫剂对块耳霉菌落生长均有显著影响(P＜0．01)，其中有12种杀虫剂的押茁率达到60％以上，对块耳霉生长起到强烈的抑制作用。6．8—7．0天统计各杀虫剂处理平板2．5h产孢量的结果表明，除经植物性杀虫剂苦参碱处理的菌落的产孢量高于对照外，其余19种杀虫剂处理平板上菌落的产孢量均不同程度地低于对照。     

6种植物源药剂对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力测定和防效评价

为筛选防治胡萝卜微管蚜的高效植物源药剂,采用浸虫浸叶法、盆栽试验及田间试验评价了6种植物源药剂对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力和防治效果。室内和田间试验结果表明,1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂和0.3%印楝素乳油对胡萝卜微管蚜毒力和防效最高,可在生产上推广使用。