Successful surgical removal of fibroma from the uterus of a cow: a case report

A Holstein-Friesian cow aged 6 years aborted twice at 3-4 months of gestation. On rectal palpation a growth was palpable in the apex of one uterine horn. The growth was removed by right flank laparotomy under sedation and paravertebral nerve block. The growth was diagnosed to be a fibroma. The cow conceived and calved normally after the operation.     

Post-Death Cloning of Endangered Jeju Black Cattle (Korean Native Cattle): Fertility and Serum Chemistry in a Cloned Bull and Cow and Their Offspring

To preserve Jeju black cattle (JBC; endangered native Korean cattle), a pair of cattle, namely a post-death cloned JBC bull and cow, were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in a previous study. In the present study, we examined the in vitro fertilization and reproductive potentials of these post-death cloned animals. Sperm motility, in vitro fertilization and developmental capacity were examined in a post-death cloned bull (Heuk Oll Dolee) and an extinct nuclear donor bull (BK94-13). We assessed reproductive ability in another post-death cloned cow (Heuk Woo Sunee) using cloned sperm for artificial insemination (AI). There were no differences in sperm motility or developmental potential of in vitro fertilized embryos between the post-death cloned bull and its extinct nuclear donor bull; however, the embryo development ratio was slightly higher in the cloned sperm group than in the nuclear donor sperm group. After one attempt at AI, the post-death cloned JBC cow became pregnant, and gestation proceeded normally until day 287. From this post-death cloned sire and dam, a JBC male calf (Heuk Woo Dolee) was delivered naturally (weight, 25 kg). The genetic paternity/maternity of the cloned JBC bull and cow with regard to their offspring was confirmed using International Society for Animal Genetics standard microsatellite markers. Presently, Heuk Woo Dolee is 5 months of age and growing normally. In addition, there were no significant differences in blood chemistry among the post-death cloned JBC bull, the cow, their offspring and cattle bred by AI. This is the first report showing that a pair of cattle, namely, a post-death cloned JBC bull and cow, had normal fertility. Therefore, SCNT can be used effectively to increase the population of endangered JBC.     

Effects of calving induction on subsequent milk yield and reproductive performance of cows from seasonally mated New Zealand dairy herds

AIM: To identify some production and reproductive effects of calving induction in seasonally calving herds. METHODS: Forty seasonally calving herds entered on the DairyMAN management information system and whose milk yield and reproductive data were recorded, including pregnancy diagnosis results, were included in the study. Cows with an induced parturition were compared with normally calving contemporaries that had the same lactation number and calved at the same time. RESULTS: Milk yield was 1.2 +/- 0.2 litres/cow/day less over the entire lactation for cows induced to calve, with the greatest difference being 2.5 +/- 0.4 litres/cow/day measured in early lactation. The effects on milkfat and protein yield were similar, with 0.04 +/- 0.01 kg/cow/day less milkfat (p < 0.0001) and 0.03 +/- 0.01 kg/cow/day less protein (p < 0.0001). A higher milkfat percentage (+ 0.09 +/- 0.04 %) (p < 0.0001) and protein percentage (+ 0.10 +/- 0.02%) (p < 0.0001) for cows that were induced to calve reduced the effect of a lower milk yield on milkfat and protein production. The first service conception rate for cows induced to calve was 54.4 +/- 3.3%, which was significantly less (p = 0.03) than for cows that calved normally (59.5 +/- 3.3%). Cows induced to calve had a pregnancy rate at the end of mating of 91.4 +/- 2.1%, which was also significantly less (p <0.0001) than for cows that calved normally (93.6 +/- 1.7%). The 21-day submission rates were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that, under some New Zealand management conditions, the induction of calving is associated with reduced daily milk yield and inferior reproductive performance.     

灌胃不同奶样对BALB/c小鼠致敏性的影响

本试验研究了驼奶、牛奶和人奶对BALB/c小鼠的致敏性强弱,将60只小鼠随机分为5组,每组12只,分别为β-乳球蛋白（β-lg）组（阳性对照组）、牛奶组、驼奶组、人奶组和空白组（阴性对照组）,每组分别灌胃1 mg/g体重的样品和0.3 μg/g体重的霍乱弧菌毒素（CT）,空白组灌胃PBS和CT,每周1次。灌胃6周后,通过观察过敏症状,检测血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和IgG1、血浆组胺水平及血管通透性等指标,比较几种奶源的致敏性强弱。结果显示,驼奶组、人奶组和空白组小鼠体重正常增长,而β-lg组和牛奶组的体重增长有减慢的趋势。与空白组相比,β-lg组和牛奶组的血清特异性IgE和IgG1水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,组胺水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,血管通透性增加,过敏症状明显;而驼奶组小鼠血清IgE和IgG1水平极显著低于牛奶组（P<0.01）,但与人奶组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,过敏症状轻微,表明驼奶的致敏性明显低于牛奶,且与人奶相似。     

Effects of Different Milk Samples on Sensitization in BALB/c Mice

In order to study the allergenicity of camel milk,cow milk and human milk,sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) group (positive control group),cow milk group,camel milk group,human milk group and blank group (negative control group). Each group of mice received 1 mg/g BW samples and 0.3 μg/g cholera toxin (CT) per week,while mice in control group were received PBS and CT. After six weeks of intragastric administration,some allergic symptoms,the serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels,plasma histamine levels and vascular permeability were detected. The results showed that the body weight of mice in camel milk,human milk and blank groups were normally increased,while that in β-lg and cow milk groups tended to slow down. The serum-specific IgE,IgG1 levels and histamine level in β-lg and cow milk groups were extremely significantly higher than blank group (P<0.01),the vascular permeability was increased,and the allergy symptoms were obvious. While the specific IgE and IgG1 levels of camel milk group were extremely significantly lower than cow milk group (P<0.01),but there were no significant difference with human milk group (P>0.05),and the allergy symptoms were mild. This study showed that the sensitization of camel milk was lower than cow milk,and similar to human milk.     

一例荷斯坦奶牛双胎难产的处置与护理

奶牛的双胎难产不仅会导致犊牛窒息死亡,还可能会引起母牛的死亡。临床上对难产奶牛实施助产时,若操作不当,引起产道拉伤还会引发后续的生产性疾病,影响母牛的生产性能。为了在临床上解决奶牛双胎难产的问题,实验阐述了1例双胎犊牛同时为倒生的难产奶牛的助产处置和产后护理。结果表明助产处置后,成功产下两公犊牛,均存活;经过产后护理,双胎难产母牛胎衣正常排出,产后10 d内体温正常,血酮值稳定,肝功能指标和能量指标正常,无异常状况。说明正确的助产和有效的产后护理方式,可以减少双胎难产奶牛母畜子畜的死亡,预防母畜产后疾病的发生。     

Swelling of cattle heel horn by urine

OBJECTIVES: To understand the likely mechanisms responsible for heel horn softening when cattle stand in their own effluent. To examine the effectiveness of some footbath chemicals in preventing heel horn softening. PROCEDURE: Shavings from the heels of cattle were used in a laboratory test to examine the swelling effects of cow urine, urea, sulphide and ammonia. Formalin, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, alum, tannic acid and a compound containing nitrocellulose plus nylon, were compared for their ability to prevent swelling in heel shavings induced by urea plus 2-mercaptoethanol. RESULTS: Cow urine caused heel horn to swell. Urea caused swelling at concentrations normally found in cow urine. Sulphide caused swelling at concentrations normally found in cow slurry. Low concentrations of ammonia solution also resulted in swelling. Formalin and glutaraldehyde prevented swelling induced by high concentrations of urea plus 2-mercaptoethanol. Copper sulphate had a moderate anti-swelling effect. Zinc sulphate, alum, tannic acid, and nitrocellulose plus nylon were relatively ineffective in preventing swelling. CONCLUSIONS: Cow urine can cause degradation of heel horn in cattle feet. The chemical agents that cause this could be urea, sulphide anions and ammonia. Degradation by urine can be prevented by pretreating heel horn with formalin. Glutaraldehyde may be an effective noncarcinogenic alternative to formalin.     

Congenital brucellosis in cattle associated with localisation in a hygroma.

A heifer born to a cow experimentally infected with Brucella abortus strain 544 and reared in isolation from its birth was found infected. Antibodies appeared when it was 10 months old. The heifer calved normally. Brucella abortus of the same characteristics as strain 544 was recovered from a hygroma and from lymph nodes and udder. Five heifers out of 55 (about 10 per cent) born to infected dams and reared in isolation from their birth were found to be infected.     

Benzene hexachloride poisoning in cattle.

Of 174 cattle dipped in an emulsified preparation of benzene hexachloride labeled for plant use, 18 were fatally poisoned. The preparation contained 0.14% active ingredient, gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride (BHC), a normally safe concentration for cattle. Analyses revealed 0.08% gamma BHC in the used dip and 0.5, 7.9, and 198 ppm in liver, kidney, and hairskin specimens, respectively, from a fatally affected cow. Microscopic examination of the freshly prepared dip demonstrated emulsion droplets ranging from 5 to 60 mu in diameter.     

奶牛日粮配合饲喂试验

本文研究了在奶牛日粮中添加冬牧-70黑麦草和奶牛专用预混料作为奶牛配合精料能提高奶牛产奶量9％。经过方差分析，对产奶量的影响差异极显著。     

奶牛酮病的研究进展

奶牛酮病是目前集约化养殖场多发的一种营养代谢病,主要与能量代谢相关,但由于其发病机理的复杂性,并没有全面性的分析奶牛酮病。本文对奶牛酮病的分类、机理及存在的问题进行综述,为进一步研究奶牛酮病奠定理论基础。     

提高母牛冻配受胎率的措施和方法

从加强母牛的饲养管理、检查治疗母牛的繁殖疾病、掌握母牛发情鉴定水平、输精时间、输精方法、冻精解冻的温度、时间和精子活力检测、技术培训和养牛综合配套技术等方面来如何提高母牛冻配受胎率进行生产实践的总结。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的病因与综合防制

奶牛子宫内膜炎是影响奶牛生产效益的一种常见疾病。本文通过对引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病微生物、引发奶牛子宫内膜炎的常见因素、奶牛子宫内膜炎的类型及诊断特征、奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗方法和预防措施进行了详细的阐述,旨在为广大奶牛养殖者提供参考。     

Behavioral aspects of electronic bull separation and mate allocation in multiple-sire mating paddocks

Controlling spatial positioning of cattle through use of electronic collars could provide new ways to farm under extensive conditions. This study examined the potential for bulls to be controlled during mating using mild electric shocks delivered through radio-controlled collars. Eighteen Belmont Red bulls were fitted with collars containing the Global Positioning System and that were able to emit a mild electric shock (500 mW) at the top of the neck behind the poll. Eighteen Belmont Red cows were fitted with Global Positioning System collars only. The experiment was replicated 3 times in 3 paddocks. Each paddock contained 2 bulls and 1 cow in induced estrus. On d 1, the bulls were either assigned to the cow or not assigned to the cow, and on d 2, the assignments were reversed, and bulls received the other treatment using a new cow. Treatments were applied for 2 h on each day. The nonassigned bull received a mild electric shock on approach to either the cow or to a bull, whereas the assigned bull received a mild electric shock on approach to the other bull only. The electric shock was applied when the bulls were within approximately 10 m and moving toward the nonallowed animal. The electric shock was terminated when the animal responded by stopping movement toward the nonallowed animal. In the first 10 min, nonassigned bulls spent less time within 5 m of the cow (P = 0.03) than assigned bulls. Assigned bulls spent more time close to the cow during the entire 120 min on d 1 than on d 2 (P = 0.014). On d 1, the assigned bulls moved more toward the cow and the nonassigned bull than they did on d 2 (P = 0.02). Assigned bulls displayed more sexual behaviors than nonassigned bulls (P = 0.004). Nonassigned bulls were sometimes observed not to approach the cow despite a change in its location. This suggests that the bull associated the electric shock with the cow and not with the location in which it received the electric shock. Instances were observed in which the cow pursued the nonassigned bull, in which case the bull did not receive an electric shock, and this may reflect the preference of the cow. This study demonstrated that bulls can be separated and prevented from approaching a cow in estrus using a mild electric shock. However, mate allocation was not completely successful due to the potential for cow preference for certain bulls.     

Unusual phenomena during pregnancy in the cat and cow.

Unusual situations were observed during examination of pregnant uteri from a cat and a cow. The feline specimen revealed three corpora lutea at the surface of each ovary with three fetuses developing normally in the left and two in the right uterine horn. The right horn had been ruptured between two of the locular enlargements but the damage was sealed by the omentum. Three conceptuses were present in the cow's uterus. Two of these embryos, each with its individual allantois, were developing within a single chorion within one uterine horn. The adjacent tips of these allantoic vesicles were entangled into a complex knot which could provide opportunity for vascular anastomosis.     

生物制剂在奶牛乳房炎防治中的应用

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见、防治最难、花费最多的疾病之一，给奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。作者就细胞因子、溶菌酶和疫苗等生物制剂在奶牛乳房炎防治中的作用逐一进行了分析，为奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据。     

奶牛粪污资源化利用模式推广

我国奶牛粪污产量高、成分复杂、处理难度大、污染风险高,对大气、土壤和水环境具有巨大危害。奶牛粪污的科学处理和资源化利用是处理好农牧业生态循环发展的重要一环,能减少病原菌传播和对自然环境的破坏。本文梳理了奶牛场粪污资源化利用模式,主要包括奶牛粪污全量收集还田利用、专业化能源利用、粪便垫料回用、异位发酵床、污水肥料化利用,以期提高奶牛粪污的利用价值,实现变废为宝。     

西门塔尔杂种母牛适宜级进杂交代次的线性模型分析

利用最小二乘线性模型对西门塔尔杂种母牛各杂交代次的产奶量及其产犊效果进行评估,确定了在丰定县饲养条件下的西门塔尔杂种母牛适宜级进杂交代数为３代,从而为西门塔尔母牛产奶和产犊的综合利用,以及西门塔尔牛的杂交改良奠定了理论基础。     

过瘤胃氯化胆碱在泌乳奶牛上的应用

将14头荷斯坦奶牛完全随机分为2组,每组7头。试验组从围产前期开始至产后1个月内每天每头饲喂10 g过瘤胃氯化胆碱,测定所有供试牛产后第1个泌乳月内日均产奶量;同时分别在产前1周、产后24 h、产后1、2、3、4周共6个时间点采血,测定血清中血糖、D₃ 羟丁酸、血脂（甘油三酯、总胆固醇, 包括高密、低密、极低密）、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂过瘤胃氯化胆碱的奶牛产后第1个月内日均产奶量比对照组提高1.7%（P>0.05）;围产期及泌乳初期血糖能维持在相对稳定的水平;D₃ 羟丁酸含量降低（P>0.05）,血脂、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,围产期饲喂过瘤胃氯化胆碱能缓解奶牛产后能量负平衡状态,预防酮病,帮助奶牛快速恢复健康,提前进入产奶高峰期,提高牛场经济效益。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断及其防治措施

子宫内膜炎是奶牛养殖过程中常见的繁殖类疾病,会推迟奶牛的发情时间,影响配种率.本文首先对急性、慢性奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床症状及其直肠检测结果进行概述,然后从中西医结合、内外兼治的角度提出奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗方法,该方法能有效缩短疗程,提高治愈率,最后提出加强日常管理、做好产后护理、中药调理精血、掌握好发情规律、适时配种和...