nating the obstacle of shaping a unified

tic market are the key realm of the Eleventh Five-Year program.As our institution of allocating and balancing fiscal assets,the transfer payment should be perfected in accordance with the public finance.It's necessary to learn from international experiences to adjust the imbalance of fiscal resources and realize the equalization of the public service step by step.transfer payment;Australia;regional development;the view of scientific development0桂海论丛Guihai Tribune33-35F816.11;F812.45J158;2;33;G;J;J158_33;J158_2;杨聪杰;27-29农村金融服务失效的成因及对策分析陈峰燕;南通市委党校 江苏南通226007农村金融;;失效成因;;创新农村金融服务对农民增收具有重要的促进作用。当前,农村经济对金融服务的需求呈现日益扩大及多元化的趋势,但农村金融服务不论是在体制设计,还是在需求的满足程度上,都存在缺陷,已经成为农民增收、农村经济发展、彻底解决“三农”问题的一大制约因素。为此要进行农村金融服务的创新,完善农村金融体系,引导各类金融机构增加对“三农”的支持力度,提高服务效率,为农民增收提供完善的金融服务     

The effect of tebuthiuron on the vegetation of the thorn Bushveld of the Northern Cape – a preliminary report

Abstract

Two formulations of tebuthiuron i.e. Graslan 20P and Graslan 40P are currently being evaluated in the Molopo area. Tebuthiuron was applied aerially at ten application rates, in combination with two application dates.

After only two seasons, the chemical has already shown a reasonable selectivity for the woody species. Of these, Acacia mellifera, A. reficiens and Grewia flava are very sensitive while A. erioloba and Dichrostachys cinérea are less sensitive and Boscia albitrunca seems almost resistant to the lower application rates (<1,0 kg a.i./ha).

The standing crop of grass on the treated plots increased by between 220 and 740 per cent. Changes in the total grass density and botanical composition can be ascribed to an increased density of Eragrostis lehmanniana.

At this stage of the trial, its selectivity in favour of the more desirable woody species, suggests that tebuthiuron shows great promise for controlling bush encroachment in the Northern Cape, although a final conclusion would only be possible 5 years after its application.     

Which anatomical region determines a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse?

Reasons for performing study: The flexion test is used routinely as part of lameness and prepurchase examinations. However, little is known about the mechanisms that cause a positive response to a flexion test. Objective: To determine which anatomical regions play a role in a positive outcome of a flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse. Methods: Eight clinically sound Dutch Warmblood horses were subjected to a standardised flexion test (force 250 N, time 60 s) inducing a consistent lameness. To discriminate between different areas of the distal aspect of a forelimb, effects of various nerve blocks on the outcome of the flexion test were investigated. Low palmar digital, palmar at the abaxial aspects of the base of the proximal sesamoids, high palmar, ulnar and low 4‐point nerve blocks were performed. Flexion test induced lameness was scored before and after each nerve block in separate sessions. Results: The low palmar digital nerve blocks and nerve blocks of the palmar nerves at the abaxial aspect of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones had no significant effect on the flexion test induced lameness score. The ulnar, high palmar and, most dramatically, the low 4‐point nerve blocks all caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the flexion test induced lameness score. Conclusions: Anatomical structures (soft tissue nor synovial structures) located distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute only minimally to the outcome of a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a clinically nonlame horse. The structures in the region of, and including, the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute most to a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse. Potential relevance: The flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb may be sensitive for investigating the metacarpophalangeal joint region in horses free from lameness, but may be less relevant for structures distal to this region.     

Is the Santa Inês sheep a typical non-seasonal breeder in the Brazilian Southeast?

This study aimed to characterize the annual reproductive cycle of Santa Inês sheep in the Fluminense lowland region (latitude 22° 27′ 45″ south, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between September 2011 and August 2012. Ten ewes were maintained in a semi-intensive system under natural photoperiods with access to pasture and shelter. Blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to determine plasma progesterone concentrations. The body condition score (BCS) was determined each month. There was no seasonal variation in the plasma progesterone concentration from the months of September to January, April, and May to August. In the months of February and April, the plasma hormone levels were higher than August to November. Seventy percent (7/10) of the sheep studied had short seasonal anestrus. The periods of anestrus were concentrated between the months of September and December (spring season) in 85.7 % (6/7) of the cases evaluated. In these cases, 57.1 % (4/7) also had short periods of reproductive inactivity during other months of the year. The progesterone values obtained in the spring corroborate the higher reproductive anestrus observed in this season. Higher plasma progesterone values were found in summer and autumn with reduction in the winter to lower values in the spring. No changes in the BCS during the study period were observed. Under the studied conditions, the Santa Inês sheep showed a low degree of reproductive seasonality. However, some individual ewes had seasonal anestrus during the spring. Further studies that include management techniques are needed to improve reproductive efficiency without hormone therapy in this breed under tropical conditions.     

Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs: a comparison of the LigaSure™ and the SonoSurg™ systems

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical times for removal of ovaries, and the frequency of intra‐operative complications with two different instruments used for canine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Methods : A randomised prospective clinical study. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed under general anaesthesia on 10 healthy female dogs admitted for elective ovariectomy. Each ovary was randomly assigned to removal by use of either a SonoSurg? ultrasonic surgical device (Olympus), or a LigaSure? vessel‐sealing system (Valleylab/Covidien). Surgical time for removal of each ovary was measured and the frequency of intra‐operative complications was recorded. A follow‐up was made by interview with the owners, 2·5 years after surgery. Results : The two techniques did not statistically differ with regard to surgical time, or frequency of complications. All owners were very satisfied with the procedure. Clinical Relevance : Both the SonoSurg? and the LigaSure? devices appear to be effective, safe and easy to use when performing laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs.     

Is There a Two‐Humped Stage in the Embryonic Development of the Dromedary?

It has been postulated that the one‐humped (Arabian) dromedary and the two‐humped (Bactrian) camel originated from a single ancestor. Consequently, the dromedary was considered a breed of the two‐humped camel, based on an anatomical study by Lombardini L, 1879: Ann. Del. Universita Toscane, 259 , 147, who described a reduced second hump like structure in foetal and adult dromedaries. To resolve this lingering issue, we analysed dromedary foetuses and calves. In contrast to the situation in two‐humped camels, we never observed any rudimentary second hump in the dromedary foetuses or calves.