拟南芥悬浮细胞系的构建研究

以拟南芥生态型种子为实验材料,研究其悬浮细胞愈伤组织继代培养效果。结果表明:在MS培养基上加入不同激素对拟南芥愈伤组织的诱导和继代培养产生显著影响,用最佳激素配比的MS培养基构建了良好的悬浮细胞培养体系。其中拟南芥愈伤组织最佳诱导配方为MS+3.0 mg.L-1 2,4-D+0.3 mg.L-1 6-BA;愈伤组织继代配方为MS+1.5 mg.L-1 2,4-D+0.3 mg.L-1 6-BA+1000 mg.L-1 CH;悬浮培养配方为MS+1.5 mg.L-1 2,4-D+0.3 mg.L-1 6-BA+1000 mg.L-1CH。     

杜仲细胞的悬浮培养技术

杜仲外殖体在MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L的培养基上可诱导出生长速度快、离散性好、适合于悬浮培养的愈伤组织;愈伤组织在MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L CH300mg/L的液体培养基上进行振荡培养,经3~4次继代,即可建立起悬浮细胞系;悬浮细胞的形状为长形、椭圆形、圆形和“月牙”形。     

降香黄檀的悬浮细胞培养

本研究比较了不同生长调节物质配比诱导降香黄檀愈伤组织和悬浮细胞的结果表明:嫩叶是获得愈伤组织的最佳材料,MS附加2.0mg/L2,4-D,0.2mg/LKT有利于形成大量结构疏松的愈伤组织;MS附加0.2mg/L2,4-D,0.2mg/L6-BA有利于悬浮细胞生长。     

人参叶片愈伤组织诱导数学模型分析

取人参叶片作为外植体诱导愈伤组织,利用二元二次通用旋转组合设计数学模型筛选植物激素浓度组合,结果表明:2,4-D与KT对人参叶片外植体诱导愈伤组织方程为:Y=0.653 30+0.229 63X1+0.140 85X2-0.130 83X12-0.197 48X22+0.100 00X1X2;叶片诱导愈伤组织最佳培养基为MS附加7 mg·L-12,4-D和0.9 mg·L-1KT,诱导率最高可达80%以上。     

几种作用因子对多年生黑麦草组织培养影响的研究

以多年生黑麦草成熟种子为外植体进行了愈伤组织诱导和分化的研究。结果表明:dicamba替代2,4 D,蔗糖替代麦芽糖可以显著提高愈伤组织诱导率和植株再生率;在一定的浓度范围内(3～9mg·L-12,4 D)2,4 D浓度的升高可明显提高愈伤组织的诱导率,但同时却降低了分化率;在愈伤诱导培养基中同时使用两种生长激素(2,4 D和NAA)的效果要好于单独使用一种生长激素(2,4 D)的效果;水解酪蛋白、脯氨酸和谷氨酰胺浓度的增加并没有促进植株再生率的升高。     

野生唐古特白刺悬浮细胞系的建立及生长特性

以野生唐古特白刺的茎段、叶片为外植体,研究了NaClO对外植体的消毒效果和激素2,4-D、NAA和6-BA对愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织形态的影响,并利用疏松型愈伤组织建立了白刺悬浮细胞系,对其生长特征进行了分析。结果表明:对茎段和叶片用2%的NaClO消毒10 min最适宜,时间过长或过短均会影响成活率;3种激素对愈伤组织的相对生长量和形态均有影响,其中,2,4-D是主要影响因子,且茎段诱导出的愈伤组织相对生长量比叶片的高;根据愈伤组织的生长速度和形态,适宜用浅黄色疏松型愈伤组织构建唐古特白刺悬浮细胞系,最佳试验组合为MS+2,4-D 1.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L^-1+6-BA 0.4 mg·L^-1,最佳继代接种量为7.5 mL母液,生长曲线呈"S"型,培养第7天细胞分裂指数达最大值(5.1%),培养第3天细胞活力最强(吸光值为0.69),存活率在细胞生长延迟期和稳定期较对数期下降略快,但均保持在84% 93%间。     

真菌诱导子促进白桦悬浮细胞三萜的积累

将促进白桦三萜积累的拟茎点霉属的内生真菌诱导子添加到白桦悬浮培养体系中,研究40,100,400μg·mL-1的真菌诱导子对生长初期、指数生长期和生长末期的悬浮细胞干质量和三萜积累的影响。结果表明:真菌诱导子的不同诱导方案均促进白桦悬浮细胞中三萜的积累,而细胞干质量积累却被抑制;其中最佳诱导条件为在指数生长期的白桦细胞中添加40μg·mL-1的真菌诱导子诱导1天,诱导后细胞中的三萜含量达29.47mg·g-1,比对照增长78%。在优化诱导条件下,考察培养液pH和电导率、细胞苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,发现真菌诱导后6～10h内,引发培养液的碱化和电导率的升高,特别是白桦细胞中PAL和POD酶活性均显著高于对照,分别是对照的5.70倍和5.74倍。研究结果初步说明真菌引发白桦悬浮细胞的防御反应,苯丙烷类代谢途径和氧迸发可能参与真菌诱导三萜的合成。     

外源激素对日本落叶松体细胞胚发生不同阶段的影响

【目的】探究外源激素对日本落叶松体细胞胚发生不同培养阶段的影响,优化日本落叶松的体细胞胚发生条件并提高体细胞胚的质量,为研究外源激素调控落叶松体细胞胚发生的生理机制提供数据支持,为落叶松的规模化繁育和遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】首先确定生长曲线的延迟期、对数期和平台期,然后根据生长曲线,采用正交设计研究胚性胚柄团在2,4-D 0.15、0.30、0.50 mg·L-1、6-BA 0、0.15、0.30 mg·L-1和ABA 0、0.50、1.00 mg·L-1浓度下培养7天、14天、21天的鲜质量增长情况和14天的体胚发生能力,采用析因设计研究悬浮细胞在2,4-D 0.15、0.30、0.50 mg·L-1和6-BA 0、0.15、0.30 mg·L-1浓度下培养7天、14天、21天的细胞鲜质量增长情况和14天的体胚发生能力,结合鲜质量增长和体胚发生能力2种结果确定胚性胚柄团增殖和悬浮细胞生长的最佳激素浓度。最后,以不含GA3、IAA的体细胞胚诱导培养基为对照,分别研究了GA3和IAA 0、10、20、30、40 mg·L-1对体细胞胚发生的影响。【结果】7、14、21天分别处于日本落叶松胚性胚柄团增殖和悬浮细胞生长的延迟期、对数期和平台期。在胚性愈伤组织增殖阶段,2,4-D、6-BA、ABA对胚性胚柄团增殖和体胚发生能力的影响显著(P0.05),最佳的激素浓度是2,4-D 0.15 mg·L-1+ABA0.50 mg·L-1;在悬浮培养阶段,2,4-D、6-BA组合对悬浮细胞生长和体胚发生能力的影响显著(P0.05),最佳激素浓度是2,4-D 0.15 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.15 mg·L-1; GA3、IAA对成熟子叶胚的数量的影响均显著(P0.05),10～20 mg·L-1GA3或IAA时成熟子叶胚数量显著升高,而更高的GA3或IAA浓度将会抑制体胚发生。【结论】外源激素可有效调控日本落叶松的体细胞胚发生,适宜增殖阶段胚性胚柄团增殖和体胚发生能力保持的激素组合为2,4-D 0.15 mg·L-1+ABA 0.50 mg·L-1,适宜悬浮培养阶段细胞生长和体胚发生能力保持的激素组合为2,4-D 0.15 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.15 mg·L-1,添加GA3或IAA 10～20 mg·L-1可以显著提高成熟子叶胚的数量。     

落叶松胚性愈伤组织悬浮培养体系的优化

【目的】以落叶松胚性系为研究对象,建立和优化适合落叶松胚性愈伤组织增殖的悬浮培养体系,在此基础上对悬浮组织进行体细胞胚的成熟诱导。旨在为实现落叶松胚性愈伤组织的快速增殖及体细胞胚的规模化繁育奠定基础。【方法】对已诱导获得的长白落叶松、兴安×日本杂种落叶松及日本×长白杂种落叶松胚性愈伤组织进行继代培养,取新鲜增殖的组织进行悬浮培养。采用L9(34)正交试验设计,以胚性愈伤组织的增殖量及增殖率为响应值对悬浮培养条件进行筛选和优化,并对选出的最适培养条件进行验证。以悬浮增殖的胚性组织进行体细胞胚成熟培养,统计体胚发生量。【结果】在落叶松胚性愈伤组织的悬浮培养过程中,接种量、震荡强度及培养时间对胚性组织增殖具有显著的影响。在一定范围内,落叶松胚性组织的增殖量及增殖率随初始接种量的增加而降低,随震荡强度的升高呈先增加后下降,而随培养周期的延长而增加。以4 g·L~(-1)接种于含2,4-D 0.15 mg·L~(-1)、6-BA 0.05 mg·L~(-1)及KT 0.05 mg·L~(-1)的BM培养基(SCM),在120 r·min~(-1)避光条件下悬浮培养,3个落叶松胚性系的胚性组织均能快速、稳定地增殖,培养15天的增殖率分别为2 569.42%、4 189.96%及3 001.67%,表现出较明显的种间差异。成熟培养方式对落叶松胚性悬浮组织的体胚发生量影响极显著(P=0.000)。悬浮培养获得的胚性组织接种到含琼脂6.0g·L~(-1)的固体增殖培养基(PCM)上继代15天后,转接到添加肌醇10 g·L~(-1)且无生长调节剂的1/4BM过渡培养基(TCM)上培养14天,再转入含有ABA 20 mg·L~(-1)、Ag NO35 mg·L~(-1)、PEG400080 g·L~(-1)的体胚成熟培养基上培养8周,体胚发生量显著提高(P=0.000)。在此条件下,3个落叶松胚性系OO-A1、GK-F1及KO-H的体胚发生量分别为(101.69±11.19)、(93.09±9.34)及(5.78±1.47)个·g~(-1)。【结论】悬浮培养能在短期内获得大量分散均匀、质量较高的落叶松胚性愈伤组织,且不会影响体细胞胚的发生和成熟。在BM液体培养基(SCM)中,接种量为4 g·L~(-1)、震荡强度为120 r·min~(-1)、暗培养15天,落叶松胚性组织的鲜质量可增加26.99~42.90倍。悬浮培养获得的胚性组织经固体增殖培养基(PCM)继代15天及过渡培养基(TCM)预培养14天后,再进行体胚成熟诱导可明显提高其体胚发生量。     

邓恩桉的体细胞胚胎发生

迄今为止已有3个桉树种报道过体细胞胚胎发生。本文报道第4个桉树种,即邓恩桉(为巴西南部种植的两个主要种之一)的体细胞胚胎诱导首次获得成功。诱导采用单一苯已酸(5.5或16.5μM)或其与2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(4.5μM)配合以3天大的种苗为材料进行。不论是加入10％椰乳(V/V)还是加入1g/l水解酪蛋白的无生长素培养基均能诱导体细胞胚胎的发生。缩写:2,4-D—2,4——二氯苯氧乙酸,B5——Gamborg等人发明的(1968)培养基;MS——Murashige及Skoog(1962)发明的培养基;NhA——α—萘乙酸;BA——苄基腺嘌呤。     

Establishment of cell suspension line of Populus tomentosa Carr

Leaves of fine Populus tomentosa genotype TC152 were used as explants to establish cell suspension lines. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction and establishment of cell suspension lines were studied. The callus induction rate was the highest on a MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D. A cell suspension line could be obtained by inoculating calli which were not subcultured into a MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D. The best subculture medium was MS + 0.8 mg...     

Establishment of cell suspension line of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis> Carr.

Leaves of fine Populus tomentosa genotype TC152 were used as explants to establish cell suspension lines. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction and establishment of cell suspension lines were studied. The callus induction rate was the highest on a MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D. A cell suspension line could be obtained by inoculating calli which were not subcultured into a MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D. The best subculture medium was MS ＋ 0.8 mg＇L-1 2,4-D ＋ 30 g·L^-1 sucrose with a subculture cycle of seven days.     

南方红豆杉细胞组织培养技术

介绍南方红豆杉细胞组织培养方法,包括外植体选择、诱导培养、继代培养和生根培养等技术环节。悬浮细胞培养可有效提高南方红豆杉紫杉醇产量。通过添加激素、前体物质和诱导子能很好的解决愈伤组织褐化问题并且是提高紫杉醇产量的关键。     

Nitraria sibirica cell suspension culture:establishment,characterization and application

Nitraria sibirica Pall.is a shrub that grows in saline-alkali soil and has traditional medicinal value and potential commercial value.The objectives of this study include induction and multiplication of callus,establishment of a suspension cell line,and isolation of protoplasts from cell suspensions.Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium was used for callus induction from mature seeds of N.sibirica.Seed-derived calluses were further multiplied on MS medium augmented with 0.5 mgL~(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA) and 1.0 mgL~(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy(2,4-D) acetic acid.Suspension cultures of N.sibirica were initiated by transferring friable calli to the same liquid multiplication medium.Characterization of the suspension culture was assessed based on fresh mass,dry mass,cell viability and p H value of the culture.A typical growth curve was observed after inoculating 1.5 g of callus in 40 mL liquid medium,including a lag phase,an exponential growth phase,a stationary phase,and a negative acceleration phase.The effect of factors such as pre-plasmolysis,enzyme combination,enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration,on the isolation of cell-derived protoplasts were evaluated to determine the usefulness of suspension cultures.The maximum yield(9.79 9 106 cells/g) and highest viability(79.97%) of protoplast were reached when approximately 1 g of cell suspension(cultured for 6 days) was inoculated for 12 h in cell and protoplast washing solution made of 0.8 molL~(-1) mannitol mixture solution,cellulose onozuka R-10 2%(w/v),hemicellulose 0.2%,macerozyme R-10 1%,and pectolyase Y-23 0.5%.Protoplast yield was significantly influenced by pre-plasmolysis and cellulose onozuka R-10(P0.05).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitraria sibirica</Emphasis> cell suspension culture: establishment,characterization and application

Nitraria sibirica Pall. is a shrub that grows in saline-alkali soil and has traditional medicinal value and potential commercial value. The objectives of this study include induction and multiplication of callus, establishment of a suspension cell line, and isolation of protoplasts from cell suspensions. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for callus induction from mature seeds of N. sibirica. Seed-derived calluses were further multiplied on MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg L^?1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg L^?1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy (2,4-D) acetic acid. Suspension cultures of N. sibirica were initiated by transferring friable calli to the same liquid multiplication medium. Characterization of the suspension culture was assessed based on fresh mass, dry mass, cell viability and pH value of the culture. A typical growth curve was observed after inoculating 1.5 g of callus in 40 mL liquid medium, including a lag phase, an exponential growth phase, a stationary phase, and a negative acceleration phase. The effect of factors such as pre-plasmolysis, enzyme combination, enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration, on the isolation of cell-derived protoplasts were evaluated to determine the usefulness of suspension cultures. The maximum yield (9.79 × 10⁶ cells/g) and highest viability (79.97%) of protoplast were reached when approximately 1 g of cell suspension (cultured for 6 days) was inoculated for 12 h in cell and protoplast washing solution made of 0.8 mol L^?1 mannitol mixture solution, cellulose onozuka R-10 2% (w/v), hemicellulose 0.2%, macerozyme R-10 1%, and pectolyase Y-23 0.5%. Protoplast yield was significantly influenced by pre-plasmolysis and cellulose onozuka R-10 (P < 0.05).     

金银花发根诱导初探

研究了发根农杆菌的菌株类型、菌种浓度、浸染时间、预培养和共培养时间等对金银花发根诱导的影响。结果表明:农杆菌R1000培养OD600至0．6左右,稀释40倍浸染4 min时,诱导率最高,诱导率达58％。金银花外植体预培养5 d,与农杆菌共培养3 d,然后转入含500 mg／L羧苄青霉素的培养基杀菌培养是最适合的。     

国外竹类植物组织培养研究最新进展

组织培养技术已经成为竹类植物快速繁殖的重要手段之一。文章概述了近10年来国外在竹类植物组织培养研究方面的最新进展,包含了基于固体、液体培养基所开展的以芽繁芽、愈伤组织诱导、体细胞胚胎发生等途径的繁殖研究,以及细胞悬浮培养与种质保存、次生代谢物质诱导与分离等应用研究。对外植体的选择与消毒、组培种苗产权保护和试管开花与转基因育种等进行了讨论。     

桉树体细胞培养研究进展

体细胞培养能获得稳定的遗传材料,还能通过变异获得抗性的育种材料。在现代科学技术的支撑下,通过体细胞培养来获得次生代谢物和进行细胞育种的技术不断完善。本文从桉树愈伤组织培养、原生质体培养、悬浮培养、体细胞胚胎发生和人工种子等五个方面对二十世纪八十年代以来桉树体细胞培养的研究进展进行了综述。     

林木悬浮细胞系建立过程中的影响因素

笔者就植物细胞悬浮培养技术以及现阶段林木悬浮系建立过程中的影响因素做了综述性概括,认为培养材料、培养成分、培养条件和方式是影响林木悬浮细胞系建立的三大主要因素,以期为林木细胞悬浮培养提供理论依据。