儋州鸡体尺性状全基因组关联分析

【目的】 挖掘影响地方鸡体尺性状的有效SNP位点及功能基因, 给儋州鸡育种工作提供有效的数据基础和理论支撑。【方法】 共采集200只儋州鸡血样并提取基因组DNA, 利用10×全基因组重测序技术获得全基因组SNP标记并对试验个体基因型进行分型。使用EMMAX软件基于混合线性模型对70日龄的儋州鸡体尺性状(胫长、胫围、体斜长、胸宽、髋骨宽、胸深、龙骨长)进行全基因组关联分析。【结果】 共发现与胫长性状和胫围性状基因组水平显著相关的SNPs位点有12和8个, 与胫长性状相关SNPs分别定位于1、2、4和8号染色体上; 与胫围性状相关的SNPs定位于2、4、8和13号染色体上。预测与胫长相关的候选基因为KCNA1、TPK1、EZH2、FSTL5和AMY2A基因, 与胫围相关的候选基因为TPK1、FSTL5、AMY2A、TGFBI、LECT2和IL-9。通过KEGG通路分析和GO注释发现, 8个基因参与钾离子跨膜转运、硫胺素新陈代谢、细胞增殖、钙离子结合、骨骼肌卫星细胞维持与骨骼肌再生、细胞受体相互作用、生长因子活性等生物学进程。【结论】 本研究发现了20个与儋州鸡体尺性状关联的SNPs位点, 并筛选到8个目标性状候选基因, 为儋州鸡育种提供候选的分子标记, 为地方鸡标记辅助选择提供新的思路。     

Allelic frequencies and association with carcass traits of six genes in local subpopulations of Japanese Black cattle

Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is expected to accelerate the genetic improvement of Japanese Black cattle. However, verification of the effects of the genes for MAS in different subpopulations is required prior to the application of MAS. In this study, we investigated the allelic frequencies and genotypic effects for carcass traits of six genes, which can be used in MAS, in eight local subpopulations. These genes are SCD, FASN and SREBP1, which are associated with the fatty acid composition of meat, and NCAPG, MC1R and F11, which are associated with carcass weight, coat color and blood coagulation abnormality, respectively. The frequencies of desirable alleles of SCD and FASN were relatively high and that of NCAPG was relatively low, and NCAPG was significantly associated with several carcass traits, including carcass weight. The proportions of genotypic variance explained by NCAPG to phenotypic variance were 4.83 for carcass weight. We thus confirmed that NCAPG is a useful marker for selection of carcass traits in these subpopulations. In addition, we found that the desirable alleles of six genes showed no negative effects on carcass traits. Therefore, selection using these genes to improve target traits should not have negative impacts on carcass traits.     

Progress of genome wide association study in domestic animals

ABSTRACT: Domestic animals are invaluable resources for study of the molecular architecture of complex traits. Although the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for economically important traits in domestic animals has achieved remarkable results in recent decades, not all of the genetic variation in the complex traits has been captured because of the low density of markers used in QTL mapping studies. The genome wide association study (GWAS), which utilizes high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), provides a new way to tackle this issue. Encouraging achievements in dissection of the genetic mechanisms of complex diseases in humans have resulted from the use of GWAS. At present, GWAS has been applied to the field of domestic animal breeding and genetics, and some advances have been made. Many genes or markers that affect economic traits of interest in domestic animals have been identified. In this review, advances in the use of GWAS in domestic animals are described.     

家畜全基因组关联分析研究进展

全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）是一种研究经济性状候选基因的分析方法。近年来,随着家畜全基因组测序的完成,大量的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）被标识,GWAS也越来越多地应用于家畜重要性状的研究领域中,在动物遗传育种中,通过对家畜基因组进行GWAS分析研究,找到控制家畜主要经济性状的重要SNPs,从而挖掘重要经济性状的候选基因。作者详细综述了GWAS的分析方法及其在重要家畜育种中的研究进展。GWAS分析方法包括基因组控制法（genommic control）、分层分析法（stratification analysis）、主成分分析法（principal components analysis,PAC）和混合线性模型分析法（mixed-linear-model association,MLMA）,通路分析方法包括非核算法（基因功能富集分析（gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA）和分层贝叶斯优取（hierarchical Bayes prioritization,HBP））和核算法。依据不同的目标性状选择合理的分析方法,提高GWAS分析结果的准确性,为进一步利用GWAS分析各种性状的遗传基础提供合理的借鉴。