广州东山湖公园水生植物景观营造实践

自然群落式水生植物景观在城市公园中深受欢迎。由于东山湖公园水生植物景观营造取得良好效果,文章基于该工程实践,总结了植物选择、景观组织、功能协调、工程措施等方面经验,探讨了水生植物景观营造原则和自然群落式水生植物景观营造要点,并进一步提出优化技术措施的建议。     

景观生态学教学内容体系构建的若干思考

基于国内外景观生态学的研究进展、教材建设成果和森林资源类本科专业的特点,该文提出,景观生态学教学的整体目标是围绕景观空间、景观规划和景观生态建设3大理论,组织理论教学和完成实践教学;景观生态学教学内容体系的构建应考虑5个基本原则,即整体现、基础性与前沿性、景观空间构型描述模式与景观功能和动态变化的关系、景观演变驱动力与景观管理的内在联系以及景观多重实践的价值;并在此基础上,筛选出景现生态学的知识点,遴选出实习内容和必须掌握的基本技能,构建景观生态学的教学内容体系。     

龙爪桑嫁接育苗技术

龙爪桑具有姿态优美、耐旱、抗风、抗寒力强的特点，是优秀的景观树种，但繁殖困难。章介绍了通过实践总结出的快繁龙爪桑的方法，实生砧苗的培育、嫁接是此方法的关键环节，具有很好的应用效果。     

居住区开放空间中硬质景观的规划与设计

本文在城市开放空间硬质景观理论和实践的发展基础上，提出城市居住区开放空间硬质景观的概念及其对于城市的深刻意义，通过对我国居住区开放空间硬质景观的调查研究，结合规划设计相关理论，提出硬质景观的设计原则，即空间组织立意原则，体现地方特征原则，硬质景观与软质景观的关系。同时对硬质景观的设计要素做出分析，综合基础理论解析硬质景观设计的美学要素，人性空间的特点。     

民族村镇景观评价指标体系的构建

在简述民族村镇景观特征及其评价指标体系构建原则的基础上,从民族文化、社会效应、生态效应、美学质量等4个方面构建民族村镇景观评价指标体系,并通过专家问卷调查法和层次分析法获得评价因子的权重并进行分析,揭示现存问题和确定村镇未来发展的方向。     

华电科技园旧厂区绿地景观改造中的去与留

通过对旧工业厂区、厂区绿地景观及景观元素的分析,总结出需要保留和摒弃的景观元素,以及景观元素摒弃与保留的原则及手段。结合南京华电科技园旧厂区绿地景观改造的实际案例,应用相关理论,尝试性地解决了在旧工业厂区绿地景观改造过程中,如何对景观元素进行摒弃与保留的相关具体问题,并从理论与实践两方面出发,对旧工业厂区绿地景观改造出新中去与留的问题进行了总结思考。     

徐汇滨江带景观生态格局优化设计研究

指出了城市滨水区处于特殊的水陆交际地带,既属于城市生态敏感地带,又具有自然景观和人文景观交织共存的特征。以上海徐汇滨江区块为例,结合景观生态学理论和实践调查,分析了徐汇滨江地带的景观价值和景观问题,并有针对性地提出了基于景观生态学原则的徐汇滨江区域景观设计途径与方法。     

森林景观恢复的基本特征与应用原则探讨

森林景观恢复是目前全球广泛关注和采用的生态恢复理念之一。许多国家和地区开展了森林景观恢复的研究和应用实践工作。由于对森林景观恢复的基本特征缺乏清晰的认识,经常有人将其等同于森林恢复、恢复大面积森林、生态恢复等。国内外的案例表明,未能遵循森林景观恢复的应用原则甚至经常导致相关恢复项目的重大缺陷或失败。目前还没有学者对森林景观恢复的基本特征和应用原则进行较为系统的阐释和探究。文中介绍了森林景观恢复具有过程性、致力于恢复生态完整性、谋求增进人类福祉和在景观尺度上实施4个基本特征。同时,基于国内外文献,归纳总结并详细阐释了森林景观恢复的8个应用原则,即注重景观、恢复生态功能、多重效益并重、多种技术措施平衡、相关利益方参与、因地制宜、避免减少天然林、循序渐进。通过对上述特征和原则的分析和探究,期望对我国森林景观恢复的相关研究起到积极的促进作用,同时对于促进森林景观恢复理念在实践中的科学应用也具有积极的指导意义。     

低碳景观与城市园林绿化——浅析怀化市湖天南大道绿化改造中低碳景观的应用

低碳景观是基于全球气候明显变化和传统石化能源短缺后的低碳意识形成而提出的。低碳景观模式是建立可持续的园林景观的有效手段。本文通过对怀化市湖天南大道低碳景观营造的分析,阐述了低碳园林绿化景观的构建方法并提出了建造可持续园林景观的建议。湖天南大道园林绿化景观在继承和发扬传统园林造景手法的基础上融入了低碳理念,采用非低碳排除法设计原则和低碳施工,为建造可持续的低碳城市园林景观进行了有益的实践。     

城市滨水环境景观设计

指出了城市滨水区作为城市滨水环境区,具有亲水性的空间要素、历史文化景观要素、整体性与开放性的空间要素,分析了在城市滨水区建设中,为了创造优美的环境,在设计时应该遵循以下设计原则:系统与区域原则、空间线路便利性原则、景观生态性原则、多目标兼顾原则,并通过景观功能配置、景观环境要素因素作用、景观空间结构设计探讨了特色景观的塑造.     

欧美生态墓园发展初探

欧美生态墓园经过20余年的发展,形成了许多值得我们学习借鉴的经验,而国内对于欧美生态墓园的研究几乎为零。文章梳理了欧美国家生态墓园理论与实践的发展历程,介绍了生态墓园的主要内容和最重要的2种分类管理方法,期望通过对此3个基础内容的探索,为我国生态墓园的发展提供启示作用。     

美国森林健康与可持续林业的引进实践

通过对美国森林健康与森林可持续经营技术引进,并在中美合作森林健康经营示范区项目建设的基础上,提出用森林健康经营的理念指导我国开展森林健康标准研究、制定森林多目标培育技术标准和规范森林可持续经营活动的思考。     

Douglas-fir planted forests

A combination of superior wood quality and high productivity has made Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) one of the premier timber trees in the world. As such, it is grown as a plantation species in several countries in Europe, South America, New Zealand, and Australia, as well as throughout its extensive natural range in western North America. Decades of experience with the silviculture of young stands have demonstrated that practices such as planting, the use of genetically improved seedlings, precommercial and commercial thinning, and fertilization may dramatically increase the yield of industrial products over that of natural forests. Further, such silviculture is compatible with the production of desired amenities. Vigorous implementation of such practices wherever Douglas-fir is cultivated will increase the world's timber resources, and be an effective strategy for reducing the pressure, occasioned by the world's rapidly increasing population, to harvest the fragile tropical and boreal forests.     

河南省平原绿化的资源模式及功能

平原绿化具有显著的生态功能、经济功能和社会功能。平原绿化资源、绿化模式是功能效益的基础,而其功能效益是绿化资源、绿化模式的体现。本文概括阐述了河南省平原地区的自然条件、资源状况和绿化模式,分析了平原绿化产生的功能效益。在此基础上,以科学发展观为指导,研究提出了巩固河南省平原绿化成效与进一步提高质量、提升功能的政策措施。     

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus: lessons for its current range expansion in South America and invasive pest management in general

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a plant feeding insect believed to be native to Southern Asia or Australia. This mealybug has become established in many regions throughout the world (including the Caribbean and North America) in the past 100 years and is currently expanding its range in South America. Because this insect is of concern as a potential pest of many plant species, this review is provided to summarize knowledge of M. hirsutus based on past research that may be most useful for addressing the current invasion of South America by the species, and to identify gaps in information that may need to be addressed to inhibit the spread of the insect and improve management methods for this and similar organisms. In most areas into which M. hirsutus has expanded its range it is commonly suppressed by native or introduced natural enemies. Therefore, besides preventing introduction, establishment and spread of this potential pest, efforts should be made to determine if natural enemies of M. hirsutus are present in areas of concern (i.e., where the mealybug may be introduced and become established). Such information will enable determination of the need for introduction or augmentation of biological control agents in response to possible entry and establishment of the mealybug in new areas. Methods developed in response to the recent invasion of the Caribbean and North America by M. hirsutus may serve as models for addressing the threat of this and similar invasive pests in South America and elsewhere.     

Comparisons of Mayan forest management, restoration, and conservation

Numerous communities associated with at least five distinct ethnic Mayan groups in southern Mexico and Central America continue to rely upon forested areas as integral components of their agricultural systems. They carefully manage these areas so that forests provide food, raw materials, and animals. Management practices include removing and planting of woody and herbaceous species, apiculture, and seed harvest. Mayan agroforestry systems in geographically and ecologically distinct areas of Mesoamerica were evaluated to better understand traditional agroforestry system components and how indigenous Mayan agroforestry could be a part of regional forest conservation and restoration. Systems were within Mexican land grant areas (ejidos) or on contested land. Although these systems rely upon different woody species and management techniques, common among them are: (1) the use of multi-stage and successional pathways with forest as a part of the larger system, (2) species that are believed by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) to accelerate forest regeneration - more than 30 tree species are recognized and managed as potential facilitators of forest regeneration and (3) direct human consumption of forest products at all stages of regeneration.     

Thinning effect on light regime and growth of underplanted red oak and black cherry in post-agricultural forests of south-eastern Canada

New Forests - Over the last century, north-eastern North America has seen the gradual abandonment of much agricultural land that had become unsuitable for modern practices. This shift in land-use...     

森林认证的影响分析

以美国林业机构2002年所做的邮件调查为数据来源,对通过FSC认证的北美地区土地经营者进行影响评估分析。结果表明,认证成本和效益对比表现出很大的不确定性。     

检疫性害虫中对长小蠹在中国的适生区

【目的】中对长小蠹是一种已在我国海南建立种群的外来有害生物,预测其在中国的潜在入侵分布区,可为阻断其传播和早期监测提供参考。【方法】基于我国动植物检验检疫信息资源平台,对中对长小蠹在我国入境口岸的截获记录进行检索和统计。根据中对长小蠹现有分布记录,选取2组(5个环境变量和9个环境变量)相关性的气候变量,将中对长小蠹的本土生态空间与中国的生态空间进行对比,测试其在我国入侵过程中生态位保守性,然后基于2组环境变量在本土中美洲地区分别构建生态位模型,将其转移至我国和世界其他国家和地区来检测模型,并预测其在我国的适宜生态空间和潜在分布区。【结果】我国中对长小蠹的截获主要在长三角和珠三角地口岸,从木制品进口中截获。生态空间比对发现中对长小蠹在我国与其本土所占有的生态空间具有较大的重叠,其在我国的入侵过程中的生态位是保守的,然而与本土空间相比,我国所占有的生态空间存在较大的生态位空缺,表明中对长小蠹在我国的潜在入侵风险较大。在生态位模型预测中,与基于9个环境变量模型的预测相比较,基于5个环境变量的模型预测较为保守,基于2组变量的模型结果均显示中对长小蠹的适生区主要分布于中美洲、南美洲中部、非洲中部、澳洲北部和亚洲中部以及东南亚地区。中对长小蠹在我国的适生区主要在海南、台湾、广东等地,此外云南和广西南部等地的适生性亦较高。【结论】中对长小蠹在我国海南、台湾、广东等大部分地区存在入侵风险。本次预测结果与当前分布范围一致,这些潜在分布区多聚集在沿海地区,贸易活动频繁,有利于该害虫在入侵地建立种群并扩散;这些高风险地区应开展预警与监测,防止其从海南向大陆扩张或二次入侵。综合潜在分布分析和截获记录统计,我国广东珠江三角地区入侵风险最高,需要密切监控。     

The scope and potential of agroforestry in Central America

Although agroforestry practices have been used in Central America since pre-Columbian times, scientific initiatives in agroforestry began only about 15 years ago in this region. This paper describes the evolution of agroforestry in the Central American region, and discusses the relative merits of generating new procedures or encouraging traditional practices. This is followed by an analysis of several particularly promising practices—use of N-fixing trees to shade cacao and coffee, timber trees in pastures, and living fenceposts. Finally, a list of research gaps and recommendations for future efforts is presented. It is concluded that, from the perspective of scientific knowledge, agroforestry in Central America has taken off but the link between scientific knowledge and effective field application is still lacking.