武汉市宠物犬狂犬疫苗免疫效果评价

为评价武汉市内宠物犬狂犬疫苗的免疫情况,为制定狂犬病的防制对策提供依据,采用间接ELISA法,对325只宠物犬进行狂犬病毒抗体捡测。结果在325只被检测的宠物犬中,抗体阳性的犬有153只,占47.1%,抗体阴性的犬有172只,占52.9%;其中抗体阳性犬只有38只犬能够产生保护性狂犬病毒抗体(即抗体强阳性),占总数的11.7%;假阳性或潜在感染狂犬病毒的宠物犬7只,占2.2%。     

乌鲁木齐市犬狂犬病免疫抗体调查

为掌握乌鲁木齐市流浪犬及宠物犬狂犬病感染及疫苗免疫情况,新疆农业大学动物医学学院采用IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂盒,检测某校园流浪犬、动物中心医院就诊宠物犬以及某流浪犬基地犬只共41份血清样品。结果表明,校园内流浪犬抗体阳性率为20%,动物中心医院就诊宠物犬抗体阳性率为78.6%,流浪犬基地抗体阳性率为37.5%。     

西安地区猫弓形体抗体调查报告

近年来,国内应用间接血凝试验诊断家畜弓形体病以及家畜弓形体抗体调查的研究报道较多,但有关猫的感染情况报道甚少。为了解家猫弓形体病感染程度,我们应用滤纸干血滴供检的间接血凝试验,对西安地区猫弓形体抗体做了检测。现报告如下:     

宾夕法尼亚州猎杀的白尾鹿血清中抗鼠弓形体抗体的检测

应用改良的凝集试验检测宾夕法尼亚州被猎杀的５９３头白尾鹿血清样本中抗鼠弓形体抗体，结果表明６０％（３５７／５９３）鹿抗鼠弓形体抗体阳性，１０％鹿抗体效价为２５．２３％鹿抗体效价为５０．２７％鹿抗体效价≥５００，性别间的特异性差异没有检测。     

厦门市宠物犬狂犬病的血清学调查

为掌握厦门市宠物犬狂犬病感染和免疫情况,厦门市动物疫病预防控制中心于2013年8月对厦门市宠物犬进行了狂犬病血清学调查。结果显示：抽检的145份犬血清样品中,检出疑似狂犬病阳性犬4只,同时在流浪犬中也检测到抗体阳性犬4只;在已免疫狂犬病疫苗的86只犬中,有3只是新办证免疫的宠物犬,免疫率为82.7%,免疫抗体合格率为56.6%,疫苗接种频率与抗体保护水平显著关联,免疫接种超过1次的犬只,抗体保护水平是免疫接种1次的犬只的3倍（P＜0.05）。     

用肌肉、淋巴结替代血清检测弓形体抗体的研究

上市白条肉弓形体病快速准确的诊断问题，笔者试用肌肉、淋巴结替代血清，进行微量IHA弓形体抗体国定。现将试验情况报告如下1原理：动物有机体全身肌肉都分布有血管，动物有机体的抗原存在于血液中，它通过毛细血管与组织间液进行物质交换，从而分布于全身各部组织，因此形成动物体中的肌肉或淋巴结带有抗体，根据抗原抗体特异性反应的原理，以此为依据用微量1ilA试验，可检测到肌肉或淋巴结中的抗体，这样用已知的猪弓形体抗原通过微量IHA试验，即可用于检验猪白条由中的弓形体病。2村温与方法2．l材料：弓形体IHA抗原（批号920820）…     

用间接荧光抗体与间接血凝试验检出猪弓形体血清抗体的比较

间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT)近几年广泛应用于弓形体病血清抗体的调查。Gelosa(1970)推荐此法应作为弓形体病的一个基本血清学诊断方法。间接血凝试验(IHAT)Jacobs(1957)早已用在人的弓形体病血清     

放射免疫法检测急性弓形体病猪血清中循环免疫复合物和抗体

本文用放射免疫法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测急性弓形体病猪血清110份,经感染后第五天血清中出现明显的弓形体特异性抗体和免疫复合物,而健康对照猪血清10份全部阴性。此种抗体与免疫复合物连续测定26天,其结果一直保持在阳性范围之内。急性弓形体病的临床期诊断尤其对人的弓形体病更为重要。目前国内外都采用血清学方法检测康复后血清抗体,但是此法未能做出快速确诊,从而拖延时间影响了对症治疗。放射免疫法以抗原和抗体特异性免疫反应为基础,是一种超微量分析技术,它能够探测101~(-12)克水平元素,其方法具有灵敏、精密度高,特异性强等的优点。上述研究将为今后建立快速诊断弓形体病提供新的测试手段,值得推广使用。     

给宠物犬注射人用狂犬苗免疫效果好

近日湖北省疾控中心对325只宠物进行狂犬病抗体检测，按正常程序给宠物犬进行狂犬病免疫的，只有38只(仅只11．7％)能够产生保护性狂犬病毒抗体(即抗体强阳性)，可以起到有效阻止狂犬病毒感染。因此，按照注射疫苗的宠物犬多数不能保护其不被狂犬病病毒感染，更不能误认为给狗注射了疫曲，人狗相处就安然无恙了。要想真正让宠物犬接种后达到保护效果，宠物     

兔源弓形体囊弱毒株的分离

近年来由于我国对家畜弓形体病的不断发现和研究,以及其在肉品卫生上的重要性,已越来越被有关领域的注意和关心。根据本地区抗体调查表明,家畜弓形体感染是很广泛的,在家畜中均有一定的阳性率。为进一步调查研究这些外表完全健康而抗体阳     

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including human beings. Infection in cats is of particular interest because Felidae (domestic and wild) are the only known definitive hosts for T. gondii and thus are the main reservoirs of infection. Clinical and public health aspects of T. gondii infections in cats and dogs are discussed in this article.     

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs of the city of Campina Grande, state of Paraiba, Northeast region of Brazil. For this purpose, 286 blood samples were collected from dogs during the rabies vaccination campaign, in September 2003, and on this occasion questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects of the infections were given to each dog owner. The sera were analyzed for anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests. Of the total of 286 dogs, 129 were positive for T. gondii (titer16) with a prevalence value of 45.1% (95% CI=39.24-51.07%). For N. caninum, 24 dogs were positive (titer50), with a prevalence value of 8.4% (95% CI=5.45-12.23%). Antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum were found simultaneously in 14 dogs (4.9%; 95% CI=2.7-8.08%). For T. gondii infection, the risk factors associated with seroprevalence was the age of the animals, with dogs older than one year presenting higher values of odds ratio, and co-habitation of cats in the household. For N. caninum infection, dogs that have street contact had higher odds of seropositivity than dogs that remained exclusively in a domestic environment.     

成都市区犬猫狂犬病病毒和弓形虫感染的调查

为了解四川省成都市区家养犬、猫狂犬病病毒及弓形虫的感染情况,采用商品化狂犬病病毒和弓形虫抗原快速检测试纸卡,对2010年8～10月间来自成都市区的103份家养犬以及75份家猫的唾液和血液样品进行检测;同时采用文献报道的PCR方法对家养犬血液样品中的弓形虫核酸进行检测。结果显示,103份家养犬唾液样品狂犬病病毒抗原均为阴性,而75份家猫唾液样品中,检出阳性样品5份(阳性率6.7%),可疑样品7份;103份家养犬血液样品弓形虫抗原阳性样品33份(32.0%),可疑样品22份,75份家猫血液样品中,检出阳性样品2份(阳性率2.7%),可疑样品3份。弓形虫核酸PCR检测结果显示,96份家养犬血液样品弓形虫核酸阳性样品57份(阳性率59.4%),与弓形虫抗原阳性和可疑样品总和所占比例基本一致(53.4%)。提示应重视源于家猫的狂犬病病毒和家养犬弓形虫对人的威胁。     

Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite and is closely related to Toxoplasma gondii, but they are antigenically different. N. caninum and T. gondii infection in a variety of animals such as cattle, dogs, and cats has been reported, but there is little information on the infection of these parasites in domestic yaks. Seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum in yaks (Bos grunniens) from eight regions of Qinghai, China were investigated by the indirect agglutination test (IAT) and ELISA, respectively. A total of 112 (11.8%) of 946 serum samples were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 21 samples (2.2%) were positive to N. caninum. Two of the yaks had antibodies to both parasites. There was no apparent association of T. gondii infection with age of the animals. The results indicate that T. gondii infection is prevalent in Chinese yaks in most parts of Qinghai province and N. caninum infection rate in the same species is relatively low. This is the first large study showing the infection of T. gondii and N. caninum in domestic yaks.     

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Trinidad and Tobago

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii agglutinins and to investigate the relationship between various risk factors and occurrence of toxoplasmosis in dogs in Trinidad. Of a total 250 dogs, comprising domestic, hunting and stray dogs, 80 (32.0%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins at a titre of > or =1:32 using a latex agglutination test. Stray dogs (60.5%) had statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis than hunting dogs (30.5%) and domestic dogs (25.5%). Amongst dogs whose ages were known, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was significantly highest (P=0.037) in dogs in the >2-3 years age group compared with other age groups. Dogs that consumed home-cooked foods had a seroprevalence of 32.9% compared with those fed commercial dog foods (17.2%) and dogs fed both home-cooked and commercial foods (21.0%). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05; chi(2)). The rather high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in stray dogs is a good indication of the extent of the infection in the environment.     

Nested PCR-based detection of Toxoplasma gondii in German shepherd dogs and stray cats in South Korea

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was surveyed by using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that was targeted to T. gondii B1 gene in German shepherd dogs and stray cats. Sixty-four (46.3%) out of 138 German shepherd dogs and 50 (47.2%) out of 106 stray cats were tested positive by the nested PCR assay, respectively. There was no significant difference in gender or age in German shepherd dogs and stray cats. In the five positive dogs and five positive cats, the nucleotide partial sequence of the T. gondii B1 gene was identified by direct sequence analysis. All the sequences were identical to each other and the corresponding sequence, T. gondii B1 gene (Accession No. AF179871). The results suggest that the prevalence of T. gondii is high, and the nested PCR assay is useful for early detection of T. gondii for asymptomatic dogs and cats.     

A survey for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in deer and other wildlife on a sheep range.

Blood samples were obtained from native mammals and birds on a sheep range (Hopland Field Station) in northern California. Serums were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. Of 382 deer that were tested from 1964 to 1973, 77 (20%) were seropositive for T gondii. Among 36 serums representing 6 species of wild carnivores (badgers, bobcats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks), 18 (50%) were seropositive. All of the 5 bobcats tested were seropositive, with antibody titers ranging from 1:65,536. The testing of 175 serums from small wild mammals indicated antibody prevalence of 8% among jackrabbits, 6% among brush rabbits, and 2% among squirrels. None of the native mice tested was seropositive for T gondii. Of 120 native birds tested, 6 (5%) were seropositive. Of the resident domestic species of animals tested, antibodies were found in 1 of 7 domestic cats, 1 of 5 feral cats, 1 of 2 dogs, and 54 (13%) of 405 sheep.     

Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in ovine from São Paulo State, Brazil

Serum samples from 597 sheep from S?o Paulo State, in the southeastern region of Brazil, were tested to determine the prevalence of antibodies directed against Toxoplasma gondii (> or = 1:64) and Neospora caninum (> or = 1:50) using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The animals were divided into three groups based on their age: < or = 1 year, 1-4 years, and > or = 4 years. Antibodies to T. gondii were observed in 34.7% of the samples with titers ranging from 64 to 16,384 and IgG antibodies directed against N. caninum were observed in 9.2%, with titers ranging from 50 to 3200. Only 3.5% of the sheep were positive for both agents. All farms had at least one positive animal for T. gondii, and 26 of the 30 farms had at least one positive animal for N. caninum. An association between seroprevalence and age was observed for T. gondii (P = 0.001), but not to N. caninum (P = 0.343). It was not possible to associate seroprevalence to T. gondii and the presence of domestic or feral cats, since in all farms there was at least one positive sheep. There was no association between seropositivity to N. caninum and the presence of domestic (P = 1.000) and feral dogs (P = 0.550).     

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from Vietnam suggests their South American origin

Dogs are considered a potential risk for transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans because they can mechanically transmit oocysts to people and in certain parts of the world dog meat is consumed by humans. The prevalence of T. gondii in 42 dogs from rural Vietnam was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test, and found in 21 (50%) of 42 dogs with titers of 1:20 in six, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in two, 1:160 in two, 1:320 in two, 1:640 in one, and 1:1280 or higher in one. Hearts, tongues and brains of 21 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in cats, mice or both. Tissues from eight seropositive dogs were fed to eight T. gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. T. gondii was isolated from eight dogs by bioassay in cats. Genotyping of these eight T. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and a new SAG2, and an apicoplast marker Apico revealed two genotypes. Both genotypes were previously identified from the dog isolates in Colombia, suggesting their South America origin. However, they are different from the predominant Type I, II and III lineages that are widely spread in North America and Europe. This is the first report of isolation of viable T. gondii from any host in Vietnam.