The human gene encoding GM-CSF is at 5q21-q32, the chromosome region deleted in the 5q- anomaly

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22,000-dalton glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid progenitor cells and acts directly on mature neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding human GM-CSF was used as a probe to screen a human genomic library and isolate the gene encoding human GM-CSF. The human GM-CSF gene is approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs in length with at least three intervening sequences. The GM-CSF gene was localized by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to human chromosome region 5q21-5q32, which is involved in interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. An established, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, contains a rearranged, partially deleted GM-CSF allele and a candidate 5q- marker chromosome, indicating that the truncated GM-CSF allele may reside at the rejoining point for the interstitial deletion on the HL60 marker chromosome.     

斑点鲶鱼的基因图谱及遗传标记选育研究

本文主要总结斑点鲶鱼基因组学研究的最新动态。斑点鲶鱼和蓝色鲶鱼是杂交可育的两个近缘种 ,这一杂交体系不仅为数量性状的表型带来最大的变异 ,同时也为基因型的多样性提供了最大的可能性。利用 AF L P、RAPD、微卫星顺序标记、EST以及 DNA单体多样性标记 ,以建立遗传连锁图。旨在克隆抗病基因、生长基因、抗逆基因、以及控制食物转化率、产肉率、收获率数量性状的基因。另外还对于适合于鲶鱼基因组研究的 DN A指纹技术进行了评估。并通过极端表型、基因型的分析鉴定出了与生长速度、食物转化率及抗病性有连锁的遗传标记。使用基因型分析、辐射细胞溶合及 BA C基因库 ,以建立斑点鲶鱼的遗传连锁图及物理图 ,并用基因薄膜技术、基因芯片技术 ,以进一步掌握在特定生理条件下的基因调控     

A DNA segment encoding two genes very tightly linked to Huntington's disease

The discovery of D4S10, an anonymous DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease (HD), introduced the capacity for limited presymptomatic diagnosis in this late-onset neurodegenerative disorder and raised the hope of cloning and characterizing the defect based on its chromosomal location. Progress on both fronts has been limited by the absence of additional DNA markers closer to the HD gene. An anonymous DNA locus, D4S43, has now been found that shows extremely tight linkage to HD. Like the disease gene, D4S43 is located in the most distal region of the chromosome 4 short arm, flanked by D4S10 and the telomere. In three extended HD kindreds, D4S43 displays no recombination with HD, placing it within 0 to 1.5 centimorgans of the genetic defect. Expansion of the D4S43 region to include 108 kilobases of cloned DNA has allowed identification of eight restriction fragment length polymorphisms and at least two independent coding segments. In the absence of crossovers, these genes must be considered candidates for the site of the HD defect, although the D4S43 restriction fragment length polymorphisms do not display linkage disequilibrium with the disease gene.     

Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the actions of male sex steroids. Human AR genomic DNA was cloned from a flow-sorted human X chromosome library by using a consensus nucleotide sequence from the DNA-binding domain of the family of nuclear receptors. The AR gene was localized on the human X chromosome between the centromere and q13. Cloned complementary DNA, selected with an AR-specific oligonucleotide probe, was expressed in monkey kidney (COS) cells and yielded a high-affinity androgen-binding protein with steroid-binding specificity corresponding to that of native AR. A predominant messenger RNA species of 9.6 kilobases was identified in human, rat, and mouse tissues known to contain AR and was undetectable in tissues lacking AR androgen-binding activity, including kidney and liver from androgen-insensitive mice. The deduced amino acid sequence of AR within the DNA-binding domain has highest sequence identity with the progesterone receptor.     

水稻长穗颈基因eui2(t)共分离SSR标记的获得

 水稻长穗颈突变体(eui2)是通过人工诱变获得的,突变基因已经被初步定位在水稻第10染色体的长臂中部。本研究以含有eui2(t)基因的籼稻品系协青早eB2与粳稻品种中花14杂交的F2代(8000个单株)作为定位群体,借助已发表的水稻SSR标记及根据GenBank中的水稻基因组序列设计的SSR标记,找到1个与eui2(t)基因共分离的标记RZH38,为eui2(t)基因的辅助育种提供了分子标记。     

Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping

An understanding of the basic defect in the inherited disorder cystic fibrosis requires cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene and definition of its protein product. In the absence of direct functional information, chromosomal map position is a guide for locating the gene. Chromosome walking and jumping and complementary DNA hybridization were used to isolate DNA sequences, encompassing more than 500,000 base pairs, from the cystic fibrosis region on the long arm of human chromosome 7. Several transcribed sequences and conserved segments were identified in this cloned region. One of these corresponds to the cystic fibrosis gene and spans approximately 250,000 base pairs of genomic DNA.     

Cystic fibrosis locus defined by a genetically linked polymorphic DNA marker

A polymorphic DNA marker has been found genetically linked, in a set of 39 human families, to an autosomal recessive gene that causes cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease affecting one in 2000 Caucasian children. The DNA marker (called D0CRI-917) is also linked to the PON locus, which by independent evidence is linked to the CF locus. The best estimates of the genetic distances are 5 centimorgans between the DNA marker and PON and 15 centimorgans between the DNA marker and the CF locus, meaning that the location of the disease gene has been narrowed to about 1 percent of the human genome (about 30 million base pairs). Although the data are consistent with the interpretation that a single locus causes cystic fibrosis, the possibility of genetic heterogeneity remains. The discovery of a linked DNA polymorphism is the first step in molecular analysis of the CF gene and its causative role in the disease.     

Construction of a Fosmid genomic library of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63

To clone the antibiotic biosynthesis gene cluster of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63, we constructed a Fosmid genomic library. The genomic DNA of the strain Men-myco-93-63 was isolated by the modified CTAB procedure, and the size of most genomic DNA fragments was larger than 150 kb. Then, a Fosmid genomic library containing more than 6000 clones was constructed. The average size of the inserted DNA in recombinant plasmids was 38.1 kb, and the probability of harboring any gene in the genome of the strain Men-myco-93-63 was 99.99%. The library coverage was at least a 10-fold genome equivalent. Therefore, the constructed Fosmid library meets the requirements as a standard genomic library     

棉花深棕色纤维基因Lc1的遗传定位

 【目的】研究棉花棕色纤维的遗传规律,寻找并定位与棕色纤维基因连锁的分子标记,为进一步在棉花基因组学水平上定位、克隆棕色纤维基因和棕色棉纤维品质改良奠定基础。【方法】基于陆地棉显性多基因标记系T586（具有深棕色纤维基因Lc1）与海岛棉新海16配制的海岛棉×陆地棉杂交F2群体,结合色彩色差仪对棕色纤维色泽的分类进行分析,并充分利用棉花基因组分子标记遗传连锁图谱信息、多态性分子标记筛选和图位克隆的方法,定位与棕色棉纤维基因Lc1连锁的分子标记。【结果】根据T586与新海16杂交后代F2群体（443个有效纤维单株）深棕色纤维、棕色（中间色）和洁白色纤维的分离比例,将Lc1定位于棉花基因组A亚组第7染色体微卫星标记NAU4030和CGR5119之间约8 cM的遗传距离内,其中,Lc1与标记CGR5119的遗传距离约为2.8 cM,与NAU4030之间的遗传交换距离约为5.1 cM,构建了Lc1位点的遗传连锁图谱。【结论】棉花深棕色纤维性状由单基因控制并呈现半显性遗传方式,Lc1位点附近的分子标记信息可在棕色棉分子标记辅助育种中得以利用。     

A new DNA marker tightly linked to the fragile X locus (FRAXA)

The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of familial mental retardation. Genetic counseling and gene isolation are hampered by a lack of DNA markers close to the disease locus. Two somatic cell hybrids that each contain a human X chromosome with a breakpoint close to the fragile X locus have been characterized. A new DNA marker (DXS296) lies between the chromosome breakpoints and is the closest marker to the fragile X locus yet reported. The Hunter syndrome gene, which causes iduronate sulfatase deficiency, is located at the X chromosome breakpoint that is distal to this new marker, thus localizing the Hunter gene distal to the fragile X locus.     

2个低直链淀粉含量籼稻突变体的遗传分析

对2个空间诱变低直链淀粉含量籼稻突变体XLA-1和XLA-2进行了遗传分析和分子生物学研究.结果表明:XLA-1低直链淀粉遗传特性受2对隐性基因控制,这2对基因具有连锁关系和互补作用,任何1对基因隐性纯合都将导致直链淀粉含量降低;XLA-2低直链淀粉遗传特性受1对隐性主效基因控制,该基因可能为Wx的等位基因,同时受微效基因的修饰.XLA-1和XLA-2蜡质基因(CT)n微卫星多态性与糯稻相同,但其直链淀粉质量分数分别为14.42%和11.59%,说明除Wx基因外确实还有其他影响直链淀粉含量的遗传因素,这与遗传分析结果相符.     

Evidence for genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease to chromosome 10q

Recent studies suggest that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in neurons and microglia degrades Abeta, the principal component of beta-amyloid and one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses of seven genetic markers on chromosome 10q, six of which map near the IDE gene, in 435 multiplex AD families. These analyses revealed significant evidence of linkage for adjacent markers (D10S1671, D10S583, D10S1710, and D10S566), which was most pronounced in late-onset families. Furthermore, we found evidence for allele-specific association between the putative disease locus and marker D10S583, which has recently been located within 195 kilobases of the IDE gene.     

玉米矮秆主效QTL qph1-4的精细定位

利用1份在玉米自交系87-1的遗传背景上综3的染色体单片段代换系(Single segment substitution line,SSSL) SSSL-Y7为试验材料,3年3点的株高表现型鉴定表明,SSSL-Y7的株高均显著矮于受体亲本87-1,且加性效应百分率均在-10％以下,推测在该SSSL内的位于第1染色体长臂上SSR分子标记umcl122附近的目标代换片段上存在可以使玉米株高致矮的主效QTL.在该SSSL与87-1杂交构建的F2分离群体中,高秆与矮秆的株数符合3∶1的分离比例,推测其矮秆表现型由1对隐性基因控制,将该基因命名为qph1-4.qph1-4基因来源于供体自交系综3,位于Bin 1.07区域,在SSR标记MPH147和umc2396之间,距两标记的遗传距离分别为1.5和0.3 cM.与qph1-4基因连锁的SSR标记还有MPH164,umc1122,MPH162,MPH9,qph1-4与之间的遗传距离分别是2.2,2.0,2.0和2.5 cM,这些SSR标记与qph1-4基因在染色体上的排列顺序为MPH164-umc1122-MPH162-MPH147-qph1-4-umc2396-MPH9.     

用RFLP技术检测水稻染色体片段的来源

利用已定位的28个RFLP标记为探针,测定了IR8及其亲本在9种限制性内切酶酶切条件下的RFLP表现,以此来判断IR8品种中这些标记所在的染色体片段来源。结果,有18个标记揭示了品种间的RFLP存在。根据RFLP图谱,IR8品种中9个标记的图谱相同于Peta,5个标记的图谱相同于低脚乌尖（DGWG）,这表明这些标记所在的染色体片段分别来自Peta和DGWG。另外3个标记显示了IR8特有的RFLP图谱,表明IR8中这些标记所在的染色体片段的DNA顺序已经发生了重组。在IR8不同个体的测定中,发现了一个不与RG365标记DNA杂交的个体,该个体可能是缺少RG365标记同源顺序的突变体。RG237标记的EcoRV酶切条件下,也揭示了个体间的RFLP存在。     

The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5

The inherited genetic defect in adenomatous polyposis has been localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 5. Sixteen DNA marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the chromosome. When five kindreds segregating a gene for adenomatous polyposis coli were characterized with a number of the markers, significant linkage was found between one marker and the disease gene. Linkage analysis determined the location of the defective gene within a primary genetic map of chromosome 5.     

Derivation of clones close to met by preparative field inversion gel electrophoresis

The molecular analysis of genes identified by mutations is a major problem in mammalian genetics. As a step toward this goal, preparative field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was used to selectively isolate clones from the environment of genetically linked markers, and to select a subset of these clones containing sequences next to specific restriction sites rare in mammalian DNA. This approach has been used to generate a library highly enriched in sequences closely linked to the cystic fibrosis marker met. One clone derived from the end of a Not I restriction fragment containing the met sequence was analyzed in detail and localized within a long range map to a position 300 kilobase pairs 5' of the metD sequence.     

Genomic and genetic definition of a functional human centromere

The definition of centromeres of human chromosomes requires a complete genomic understanding of these regions. Toward this end, we report integration of physical mapping, genetic, and functional approaches, together with sequencing of selected regions, to define the centromere of the human X chromosome and to explore the evolution of sequences responsible for chromosome segregation. The transitional region between expressed sequences on the short arm of the X and the chromosome-specific alpha satellite array DXZ1 spans about 450 kilobases and is satellite-rich. At the junction between this satellite region and canonical DXZ1 repeats, diverged repeat units provide direct evidence of unequal crossover as the homogenizing force of these arrays. Results from deletion analysis of mitotically stable chromosome rearrangements and from a human artificial chromosome assay demonstrate that DXZ1 DNA is sufficient for centromere function. Evolutionary studies indicate that, while alpha satellite DNA present throughout the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome appears to be a descendant of an ancestral primate centromere, the current functional centromere based on DXZ1 sequences is the product of the much more recent concerted evolution of this satellite DNA.     

Interferon-beta-related DNA is dispersed in the human genome

Interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) complementary DNA was used as a hybridization probe to isolate human genomic DNA clones lambda B3 and lambda B4 from a human genomic DNA library. Blot-hybridization procedures and partial nucleotide sequencing revealed that lambda B3 is related to IFN-beta 1 (and more distantly to IFN-alpha 1). Analyses of DNA obtained from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids that were probed with DNA derived from lambda B3 showed that lambda B3 is on human chromosome 2. Similar experiments indicated that lambda B4 is not on human chromosomes 2, 5, or 9. The finding that DNA related to the IFN-beta 1 gene (and IFN-alpha 1 gene) is dispersed in the human genome raises new questions about the origins of the interferon genes.     

QTL Mapping of Hard Seededness in Wild Soybean Using BSA Method

【Objective】 Hard seededness of wild soybean is an important effector that limits the utilization of wild resources in soybean genetic improvement. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related with hard seededness in soybean, which laid a foundation for effective utilization of wild soybean germplasm in cultivated soybean improvement. 【Method】 F₂ and F₇ segregation populations were constructed from a cross between cultivated soybean Zhonghuang39 and wild soybean NY27-38. Uniformly sized seeds were selected from each line, and 30 seeds were soaked in a petri dish with 30 mL distilled water for 4 hours at 25℃. The assay was replicated 3 times. The number of permeable and impermeable seeds were counted. In F₂ population, the first DNA pool was constructed from 22 individuals with permeable seeds (imbibition rate ＞90%), and second DNA pool was constructed from 16 individuals with impermeable seeds (imbibition rate ＜10%). In F₇ population, 20 lines with permeable seeds (100% imbibition) and 20 lines with impermeable seeds (no imbibition) were used to construct two DNA pools, respectively. To detect genomic regions associated with hard seededness, these DNA bulks were genotyped with 259 polymorphic SSR markers to identify markers linked to QTL. A linkage map was constructed with 192 SSR markers, QTLs related with hard seededness were identified by composite interval mapping in F₇ segregation population. 【Result】 Out of 259 SSR loci polymorphic between Zhonghuang39 and NY27-38, 10 and eight polymorphic SSR markers between the permeable and impermeable pools were detected in 16.3 Mb interval on chromosome 2 and 23.4 Mb interval on chromosome 6, respectively, in F₂ population. The QTL region (276.0 kb) located between Satt274 and Sat_198 on chromosome 2 contained previously cloned gene GmHs1-1, the QTL explained 17.2% of the total genetic variation. The other QTL was mapped on chromosome 6 flanked by BARCSOYSSR_06_0993 and BARCSOYSSR_06_1068, accounting for 17.8% of the total genetic variation. In F₇ population, eleven, nine and four SSR polymorphic markers between the permeable and impermeable pools were detected in 27.4 Mb interval on chromosome 2, 27.8 Mb interval on chromosome 6, 18.2 Mb interval on chromosome 3, respectively. A linkage map of 192 SSR markers and covering 2 390.2 cM was constructed through composite interval mapping in F₇ population. Three QTLs related with hard seededness were detected. The QTL on chromosome 2 located between Satt274 and Sat_198, explained 23.3% of the total genetic variation; the QTL on chromosome 6 flanked by Sat_402 and Satt557, explained 20.4% of the total genetic variation; the QTL on chromosome 3 flanked by Sat_266 and Sat_236 accounted for 4.9% of the total genetic variation. 【Conclusion】 In this study, three QTLs related to soybean hard seededness were identified by both BSA and traditional linkage mapping, indicating that BSA is an effective strategy for identifying QTLs in soybean.