War and trees: The destruction and replanting of the urban and peri-urban forest of Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina

The early-1990s’ war in former Yugoslavia led to severe damage to the urban and peri-urban forests of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Siege of Sarajevo (April 1992–March 1996), after the energy supplies to the city had been cut off, over three-quarters of all urban trees and nearly all peri-urban trees within the siege line were cut down for firewood by the desperate residents. After the war, the city trees were quickly and effectively replanted, and Sarajevo provides a useful case study of urban forest recovery. This study presents the observations and measurements, of trees that survived the war and the trees planted after the war, made in Sarajevo in May 2008. We summarize the lessons learned from the Sarajevo experience, regarding both damage and replanting, which include the close relationship between the urban tree damage and the specifics of military operations, the importance of the initial planting stock, and the advantages of collaboration between academic researchers and urban forest managers.     

大棚西甜瓜药肥减用的新思维与关键点

为了促进东台市西甜瓜安全生产,在分析江苏沿海地区大棚西甜瓜农药、化肥使用现状的基础上,得出过量使用化学肥料和化学农药是导致土壤连作障碍的主要原因,也是农产品质量安全和品牌创建与维护的障碍,提出加大政策与财政支持力度,引导实施化学农药与化肥的减量使用;构建农民自治组织,引导农民通过自我约束与相互监督促成化学农药与化肥的减量使用;强化社会化服务与科技支撑,推进精确定量生产技术的普及等建议,并总结了当前苏北西甜瓜产地药肥减量栽培的关键点5个,即优化生产环境;积极选择使用优质、高产、抗逆性强种苗;简化生产模式,优化管理环节;强化标准化普及应用;加快促进先进用肥用药技术的推广应用。     

PTEN and signal transduction and tumor

PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor which has sequence homology withdual-specifici-ty phosphatase. PTEN is a multifunctional protein endowed with a phosphatase activity capable of dephosphory-lating both tyrosine phosphate, serine/threonine phosphate residues on proteins and phospholipids of the phosphati dylinositol pathway. PTEN appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in several types of humantumors, including those frombrain, breast, endometrium, and prostate. PTEN play an important role in pathogenesis of tumor, tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the chemical structure of PTEN, its phosphatase activity, the ability of affecting signal transduction, and its mutational status in cancer.     

野生珍稀花卉翠雀、角蒿的引种栽培与园林应用

通过引种方法筛选出适宜在石家庄栽培的野生花卉翠雀和角蒿对其进行研究,并加以人工保存,从中选育出适合园林应用的优良品系,以期在园林绿化中得到广泛应用,从而增加城市的自然美,创造自然和谐的生态景观。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源的收集、评价及开发利用

国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心共收集苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源1070份。按食用器官分类，共分为七大类数十个种类，显示出我国蔬菜遗传资源的多样性。分析测定了703份野生蔬菜的营养成分。针对目前我国在野生蔬菜资源的基础研究和开发利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。     

酵母浸膏蛋白胨与pH对草菇培养与生物学效率影响

研究了酵母浸膏、蛋白胨和pH对草菇菌丝生长与生物学效率的影响。试验结果表明,在PDA培养基中加入酵母浸膏和蛋白胨能促进菌丝生长,最适添加质量浓度分别为0.30%酵母浸膏和0.50%蛋白胨。在栽培过程中,对菌丝体表面最佳喷施溶液组合为0.50%蛋白胨、0.30%酵母浸膏,调节溶液pH9.0,对比空白对照能提高生物学效率13.56%。     

鲜食观赏两用桃研究现状及发展前景

依据已报道的相关文献对国内外鲜食观赏两用桃育种工作的现状和已取得的成果进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了探讨,为鲜食两用桃种质资源创新、育种目标实现和生产应用提供参考。同时建议今后应加强该领域品种资源收集、保存和利用工作,并积极采用现代育种手段,提高育种效率。     

育苗基质和穴盘规格对辣椒及茄子幼苗生长发育的影响

选用苏椒五号、扬茄1号作试材,采用江苏地区生产上应用的3种不同基质和5种不同规格的穴盘组成15种处理,对多个辣椒、茄子幼苗质量性状进行了研究,分析了不同育苗基质种类和穴盘规格对幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:基质种类对辣椒、茄子幼苗生长发育的影响较大,其中药渣对幼苗的生长发育最为有利,而穴盘规格对幼苗的生长发育的差异不明显。     

Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design

The twenty-first century global population will be increasingly urban-focusing the sustainability challenge on cities and raising new challenges to address urban resilience capacity. Landscape ecologists are poised to contribute to this challenge in a transdisciplinary mode in which science and research are integrated with planning policies and design applications. Five strategies to build resilience capacity and transdisciplinary collaboration are proposed: biodiversity; urban ecological networks and connectivity; multifunctionality; redundancy and modularization, adaptive design. Key research questions for landscape ecologists, planners and designers are posed to advance the development of knowledge in an adaptive mode.     

蝗虫蛋白及其功能成分的开发利用研究

蝗虫在我国有着悠久的食用历史。随着全球蛋白质的紧缺和新资源食品的开发,蝗虫蛋白质再一次被人们关注。本文叙述了蝗虫蛋白的含量、组成、营养价值以及功能蛋白质,并且介绍了蝗虫蛋白质的提取方法,以期为蝗虫食品的研究开发提供指导。     

Cultivar identification and genetic diversity analysis of broccoli and its related species with RAPD and ISSR markers

A total of 18 genotypes of broccoli were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis. Seventy-four RAPD and eight ISSR primers generated 344 and 67 polymorphic bands, respectively. All broccoli genotypes could be distinguished with two-primer combinations, indicating that RAPD and ISSR markers can be used to efficiently identify broccoli cultivars. These 18 broccoli genotypes could be separated into two major sub-groups. The first major sub-group (A) included 13 genotypes and the second major sub-group (B) was comprised of five genotypes belonging to early-maturating cultivars. Genetic diversity analysis was performed on the 18 broccoli genotypes, one radish genotype, and six related Brassica accessions. All accessions could be clustered into two groups (radish and Brassica) based on the unweighted pair group of arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The UPGMA analysis indicated that broccoli is most closely related to cauliflower, than to cabbage and Chinese cabbage.     

苹果轮纹病害流行研究及防控

检索1994～2010年主题为"苹果轮纹病"的论文,逐篇统计论文的发表时间、发病地点及病害发生强度、规律、防治方法等不同变量。结果表明:我国苹果轮纹病的发生逐年加重,各苹果主产区发生较不均衡,但有从东向西逐渐扩散的趋势;从文献内容上看,对轮纹病的防治和药剂试验等内容较多,而病害的基础研究和规律、预测、预报等方面较少;该文在详细分析的基础上提出了苹果轮纹病的防控建议。     

Xylem conductivity and vulnerability in cultivars and races of avocado

Anatomical vessel features of Guatemalan, Mexican and West Indian races and cultivars Colı́n V-33, Fuerte and Hass of Persea americana Mill. were studied in 10-year-old trees grown in the field under similar environmental and management conditions with the main purpose to get insight on anatomical variation among genotypes. The cultivars differed anatomically from the races, showing an inverse relationship between races and cultivars with respect to vessel frequency and diameter, however, relative conductivity was similar among cultivars suggesting an adjustment between vessel diameter and frequency that maintains a similar relative conductivity among genotypes. The three races had the higher vessel frequency and the narrower vessel diameters as well as the lowest vulnerability index values compared to Hass and Fuerte cultivars. An important finding in this study was that cultivar Colı́n V-33, a dwarf genotype, had intermediate anatomical characteristics between races and the other cultivars suggesting a better adapted hydraulic system to water deficits.     

居住区绿化树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效应研究

以青岛市居住区广泛应用的14种植物为材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统进行了光合生理生态指标的测定.并对其固碳释氧与降温增湿效应进行了量化研究.结果表明:14种植物的固碳释氧量由高到低排列为榆叶梅、悬铃木、绦柳、月季、紫叶桃、火棘、丁香、紫叶李、国槐、海桐、樱花、女贞、金叶女贞、红枫.降温增湿能力由高到低为榆叶梅、悬铃木、绦柳、月季、紫叶桃、火棘、丁香、紫叶李、国槐、海桐、樱花、女贞、金叶女贞、红枫.同时对各树种固碳释氧量的趋势进行了分析,以期为居住区绿化树种的选择与配置提供科学依据.     

Seeding rate and seed spacing modulate root yield and recovery of slicer and dicer carrots differently

Field experiments were conducted on carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus), involving a slicer variety, Caro choice; and a dicer variety, Red Core Chantenay (RCC), to determine the interactive effects of seeding rates (SR) and line spacings (LS), to identify optimal SR and LS and to understand the influence of various seed spacings on yield and root recovery. Caro choice and RCC were sown at various seeding rates: 18, 22, 27, 33 (slicer); 9, 12, 14, 18 (dicer) seeds 30 cm⁻¹ at three different line spacings: 2.5, 3.8 and 5.7 cm. The interaction between SR and LS on total root yield and yield of supreme quality roots (1.9–3.1 cm diameter) was not significant whereas, the interaction for recovery of root grades was significant for Caro choice. In contrast, the interaction between SR and LS was marginally significant for the total yield and for the yield of supreme quality roots (3.8–5.1 cm diameter) but not for the recovery percentage of any of the root grades in RCC. A line spacing of 3.8 cm and SR of 22 seeds 30 cm⁻¹ for Caro choice, and LS of 5.7 cm and SR of 18 seeds 30 cm⁻¹ for RCC were optimal to obtain the highest total and supreme quality root yield, respectively. Seed spacing between the range of 4.6–38 cm² exhibited a significantly negative relationship with total root yield and marginally significant positive relationship with the recovery percentage of 1.9–3.8 cm roots in Caro choice. Neither total yield nor recovery percentage of 3.8–5.1 cm roots showed any significant relationship with seed spacing in RCC, suggesting that RCC may be less sensitive to the spatial variations compared to Caro choice and would adjust physiologically and/or morphologically to equalize yield.     

承德乡村振兴发展现状与对策分析

实施乡村振兴策略是我国发展到新阶段、新时期的必然要求,对我国全面实现小康社会具有重要意义,也是当前乃至今后一段时间农业农村工作的重点。作为山区的承德市有独特的自然环境优势,但社会发展滞后,经济欠发达等给当地乡村振兴带来了诸多难题,因此必须认真面对、加强研究,寻求自身的发展路径,探索出更多更好的发展模式,推进乡村振兴进程。本文以承德市为例,通过对该市乡村振兴工作重点和难点的分析,探讨了乡村振兴的发展对策。     

Naturally occurring auxins and inhibitor and their role in fruit growth and drop of mango ‘Dashehari’

The pattern of fruit growth in mango ‘Dashehari’ (Mangifera indica L.) was sigmoid. Pollinated ovaries and young fruits dropped in two main waves: 0–14 days and 28–35 days. A third wave, a mild one, was continuous and irregular from 35 days after pollination to maturity of the fruit.One acidic and one non-acidic auxin and one acidic inhibitor were detected in the immature fruit. The increase in the levels of auxin corresponded with a period of rapid fruit growth, while high levels of inhibitor tended to correspond with a high rate of fruit drop from pollination to 42 days. The auxins appear to play a major role in the growth of the fruit, whereas the inhibitor appears to cause fruit drop.     

小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。