50%保蕾铃田间药效试验

５０％保蕾铃田间药效试验①张启明汤瑞香安徽省颍上县病虫测报站颍上２３６２００棉花生理失调是造成蕾铃脱落的主导因素之一。探索防脱落与促生长相结合的有效措施，合理调控棉花生长，仍是当前棉花生产实践中亟待解决的技术难题。为此，我们于１９９６年作了复合多效植...     

棉花高产稳产的关键—科学施肥

棉花蕾铃的脱落是一个普遍的现象,特别是棉株生长旺盛的田块,中、下部蕾铃的大量脱落是直接影响棉花高产稳产的一个关键问题。如何使棉株下、中、上部多座铃达到高产稳产呢?中国科学院植物生理研究所激素室,根据全国各地在棉花蕾铃脱落上所做过的工作,以及在总结农民丰产经验的基础上,运用前期少施化肥控制生长,重施花铃肥防止后期早衰的科学施肥措施,连续二年获得亩产皮棉151～193斤的结果。1982年,与南汇县农科所协作的二块棉花高产稳产示范田,虽在7月10日至24日连续阴雨的     

科学施肥是棉花高产稳产的关键

在1982年《中国棉花》第二期上《从棉花蕾铃脱落生理谈棉花的高产稳产》一文中,我们论述了蕾铃脱落的生理机制,并通过调查研究和植棉经验总结,运用宽窄行种植,前期少施氮素化肥控制生长,重施花铃肥防止后期早衰等措施,1964～1965年,在上海县马桥公社和本所农场分别获得     

应用酶制剂防治棉花蕾铃脱落试验总结

在地、县科委的重视和支持下,《应用酶制剂防治蕾铃脱落试验》的课题,经过五年三个点试验,已经告一段落,现将该项试验总结如下: 棉花的蕾铃脱落是生产中的一个普遍现象,脱落率一般在60～70％,严重的高达80％,影响棉花产量。因此,认识蕾铃脱落的原因和研究减少蕾铃脱落的途径,对提高棉花单位面积产量有着重要的意义。棉花蕾铃脱落的机理,国内外有许多学者,做过研究,曾提出一些假设和学说。例如英国植物     

棉花蕾铃脱落与中后期管理

棉花蕾铃脱落与中后期管理闵友信陈学智朱继鸿刘淑毓秦淑琴伍维模彭祠勇塔里木农垦大学农学系８４３３００棉花蕾铃脱落是生产中一个普遍而严重的现象，南疆地膜棉脱落率也在７０％以上，严重的影响了棉花产量。因此，研究棉花蕾铃脱落的原因和探讨减少蕾铃脱落途径，对提...     

1994年棉花蕾铃脱落加重原因浅析

１９９４年棉花蕾铃脱落加重原因浅析徐京三，陈玉杰山东省潍坊市棉花办公室２６１０４１棉花蕾铃脱落是长期以来围绕棉花生产的一个突出问题。虽经多年的研究和实践，但在生产中因脱落造成减产的情况仍为常见，尤以生理脱落预防难度较大。１９９４年，棉花蕾铃脱落在潍坊...     

棉花结铃性统计分析及其实践意义

本文运用数理统计方法，系统地分析了棉花单株结铃性组成因素间的作用和关系，研究结果指出：单株蕾铃脱落率高低是决定单株成铃数的重要因素，单株勒花量与成铃数之间的相关性一般是不高的，有的品种甚至很低，单株蕾铃脱落率主要是受外罪环境条件的影响。提出了通过选育具有中壮丰产、高光效株型的棉花品种，采取合理栽培措施来达到减少蕾铃脱落率，提高产量的目的。     

赣中棉区加强肥水管理是减少蕾铃脱落的有效措施

棉花是江西省的主要经济作物，在江西省占有非常重要的地位，但历年来棉花产量提高不快，其中一个重要的制约因素就是棉花蕾铃脱落问题。据统计，正常情况下，一般蕾铃脱落率为70％左右。因此，了解蕾铃脱落规律，寻求减少脱落的有效途径，对于提高产量有着非常重要的意义。     

陕西关中棉区棉花蕾铃脱落的因素及预防措施

大荔县是陕西省的主产棉区,在棉花生产中常出现大量蕾铃脱落的现象,调查显示,2000～2010年棉花生长的后期平均脱落率为58.6%.通过对比,当脱落率超过70%时,棉花皮棉产量低于975 kg/hm2.可见,蕾铃脱落是制约棉花稳产、高效的因子之一.探究棉花蕾铃脱落的原因,系统地掌握科学植棉技术,并对症施治,是改善棉田小气候环境,加强棉花营养条件,增蕾保铃,实现棉花高产高效的重要保障.     

棉花缺硼症状及硼肥施用技术

棉花缺硼症状在苗期、蕾期开始有表现，主要是叶片变厚、增大、变脆、色泽暗绿无光泽，顶芽发育停滞；至蕾铃期蕾铃脱落严重，“蕾而不花”。当土壤严重缺硼时，棉花植株矮化，各组织器官也表现不同的症状：     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。