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1.
Bosmans T Schauvliege S Gasthuys F Duchateau L Steblaj B Gadeyne C Polis I 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(5):494-504
ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiovascular effects of a preload of hydroxyethylstarch 6% (HES), preceding an epidural administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in isoflurane anaesthetized dogs.AnimalsSix female, neutered Beagle dogs (mean 13.3 ± SD 1.0 kg; 3.6 ± 0.1 years).Study designRandomized experimental cross-over study (washout of 1 month).MethodsAnaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air. All dogs were anaesthetized twice to receive either treatment HESR (continuous rate infusion [CRI] of 7 mL kg?1 HES started 30 minutes [T-30] prior to epidural administration of ropivacaine 0.75% 1.65 mg kg?1 at T0) or treatment R (no HES preload and similar dose and timing of epidural ropivacaine administration). Baseline measurements were obtained at T-5. Heart rate (HR), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) and systolic (SAP) invasive arterial pressures, cardiac output (Lithium dilution and pulse contour analysis) and derived parameters were recorded every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed on five dogs, due to the death of one dog.ResultsClinically relevant decreases in MAP (<60 mmHg) were observed for 20 and 40 minutes following epidural administration in treatments HESR and R respectively. Significant decreases in MAP and DAP were present after treatment HESR for up to 20 minutes following epidural administration. No significant within-treatment and overall differences were observed for other cardiovascular parameters. A transient unilateral Horner's syndrome occurred in two dogs (one in each treatment). One dog died after severe hypotension, associated with epidural anaesthesia.Conclusions and clinical relevanceA CRI of 7 mL kg?1 HES administered over 30 minutes before epidural treatment did not prevent hypotension induced by epidural ropivacaine 0.75%. Epidural administration of ropivacaine 0.75% in isoflurane anaesthetized dogs was associated with a high incidence of adverse effects in this study. 相似文献
2.
Larissa B Cardozo DVM Ricardo M Almeida† DVM PhD Diplomate CBCAV Levi C Fiúza‡ DVM & Paula D Galera DVM PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):396-400
Objective To evaluate the quality of brachial plexus blockade with 0.75% ropivacaine in domestic chickens.
Study design Prospective experimental trial.
Animals Six 30-week-old female chickens, weighing 4.5 ± 0.4 kg.
Methods Six brachial plexus injections were performed after anesthetic induction with isoflurane. After achieving adequate muscle relaxation, the animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency and injected with ropivacaine (1 mL kg−1 ). The birds recovered and assessments of motor function and response to pinch were scored every 5 minutes for 180 minutes. The scores were from zero (no response) to three (greatest response). The scores over time were analyzed using a Wilcoxon nonparametric test with statistical significance accepted if p ≤ 0.05.
Results There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) from 15 to 130 minutes and 15 to 120 minutes for motor and sensory blocks, respectively. The onset of both blocks took 15 minutes and the effective periods of sensory and motor anesthesia were 105 and 115 minutes, respectively. Comparison between blocks at different times did not demonstrate significant differences ( p > 0.05).
Conclusions and clinical relevance No complications were observed after the technique. Brachial plexus blockade with 0.75% ropivacaine is a simple and effective technique for procedures on the thoracic limb of domestic chickens. 相似文献
Study design Prospective experimental trial.
Animals Six 30-week-old female chickens, weighing 4.5 ± 0.4 kg.
Methods Six brachial plexus injections were performed after anesthetic induction with isoflurane. After achieving adequate muscle relaxation, the animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency and injected with ropivacaine (1 mL kg
Results There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) from 15 to 130 minutes and 15 to 120 minutes for motor and sensory blocks, respectively. The onset of both blocks took 15 minutes and the effective periods of sensory and motor anesthesia were 105 and 115 minutes, respectively. Comparison between blocks at different times did not demonstrate significant differences ( p > 0.05).
Conclusions and clinical relevance No complications were observed after the technique. Brachial plexus blockade with 0.75% ropivacaine is a simple and effective technique for procedures on the thoracic limb of domestic chickens. 相似文献
3.
Ignacio A Gomez de Segura DMV DrMedVet Diplomate ECVAA Antonella Menafro DMV Paloma García-Fernández DMV DrMedVet Silvia Murillo DMV & Elba M Parodi† MD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):485-494
Objective To compare the analgesic and motor-blocking effects of epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in the conscious dog.
Study design Prospective, randomized, cross-over study.
Animals Six adult female Beagle dogs.
Methods Each animal received three doses of levobupivacaine or bupivacaine (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg−1 ; concentrations 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) in a total volume of 0.2 mL kg−1 by means of a chronically implanted epidural catheter. Onset, duration (through pinch response in the sacral, lumbar and toe areas) and degree of analgesia and motor-blocking status was determined with a scoring system and at regular intervals over 8.5 hours before (baseline) and after drug administration.
Results Epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine had a similar dose-dependent analgesic action with no significant differences in onset (range: 5–8 minutes), duration (bupivacaine: 42 ± 28, 135 ± 68 and 265 ± 68 minutes, and levobupivacaine: 28 ± 33, 79 ± 55 and 292 ± 133 minutes; 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) or maximum degree of analgesia. However, levobupivacaine tended to produce a shorter duration of motor block than bupivacaine and the difference in the motor to nociceptive blockade times was significant at the highest dose.
Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine produced an analgesic action similar to that of bupivacaine.
Clinical relevance Epidural levobupivacaine is suitable for clinical use in dogs, mostly at the highest dose if a high degree of analgesia is required. 相似文献
Study design Prospective, randomized, cross-over study.
Animals Six adult female Beagle dogs.
Methods Each animal received three doses of levobupivacaine or bupivacaine (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg
Results Epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine had a similar dose-dependent analgesic action with no significant differences in onset (range: 5–8 minutes), duration (bupivacaine: 42 ± 28, 135 ± 68 and 265 ± 68 minutes, and levobupivacaine: 28 ± 33, 79 ± 55 and 292 ± 133 minutes; 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) or maximum degree of analgesia. However, levobupivacaine tended to produce a shorter duration of motor block than bupivacaine and the difference in the motor to nociceptive blockade times was significant at the highest dose.
Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine produced an analgesic action similar to that of bupivacaine.
Clinical relevance Epidural levobupivacaine is suitable for clinical use in dogs, mostly at the highest dose if a high degree of analgesia is required. 相似文献
4.
Lídia M Matsubara MV MSc Valéria N L S Oliva† MV PhD Daniela T Gabas MV MSc Guillermo C V Oliveira MV & Maria L Cassetari‡ MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):407-413
Objective To investigate the effects of a low-dose constant rate infusion (LCRI; 50 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) and high-dose CRI (HCRI; 200 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) lidocaine on arterial blood pressure and on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (Sevo), in dogs.
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg−1 saline loading dose or lidocaine (2 mg kg−1 intravenously) was administered over 3 minutes, followed by saline CRI or lidocaine LCRI or HCRI. The sevoflurane MAC was determined using a tail clamp. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and plasma concentration of lidocaine were measured. All values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL−1 for HCRI. Seventy-five percent of HCRI dogs vomited during recovery.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
5.
PW Hellyer L Bai J Supon C Quail AE Wagner KR Mama KR Magnusson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):111-111
Ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, has been shown to provide analgesia in some species. To target the NMDA receptor specifically and to potentially minimize some untoward side-effects, ketamine had been used epidurally. The objective of this study was to determine the analgesic effect of epidurally administered ketamine in dogs with chemically induced synovitis.
Sixteen healthy dogs were used. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol (4 mg kg−1 IV). Synovitis was induced by injecting 1 mL of sodium urate crystal solution (10 mg mL−1 ) into the right stifle. Dogs were allowed to recover and the synovitis was allowed to develop for 12 hours. The dogs were then anesthetized again using propofol (4 mg kg−1 IV). Lumbosacral epidural injections were performed with each dog receiving either 2 mg kg−1 of ketamine (20 mg mL−1 ) or an equal volume of placebo (sterile water containing not more than 0.1 mg mL−1 benzethonium chloride). Analgesia was assessed at baseline and then at 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 24 hours after induction of synovitis. Ground reaction forces (peak vertical force and impulse area) and overall pain were measured using a force platform and a pain scoring system (numerical rating scale).
Analysis of the data by Repeated Measures anova showed that the dogs developed a significant lameness between the baseline and 12 hours. However, no significant difference in ground reaction forces or total pain score was demonstrated between the treatment and control groups at any other time.
In conclusion, ketamine administered epidurally at a dose of 2 mg kg−1 did not provide significant analgesia in dogs with chemically induced synovitis. 相似文献
Sixteen healthy dogs were used. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol (4 mg kg
Analysis of the data by Repeated Measures anova showed that the dogs developed a significant lameness between the baseline and 12 hours. However, no significant difference in ground reaction forces or total pain score was demonstrated between the treatment and control groups at any other time.
In conclusion, ketamine administered epidurally at a dose of 2 mg kg
6.
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro DVM PhD Adolfo Rodrigues Junior DVM Hemir Martins Quirilos Assis DVM Daniela Campagnol† DVM MSc & Juliany Gomes Quitzan DVM MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):25-33
Objective To compare the effects of morphine (MOR), methadone (MET), butorphanol (BUT) and tramadol (TRA), in combination with acepromazine, on sedation, cardiorespiratory variables, body temperature and incidence of emesis in dogs.
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Six adult mixed-breed male dogs weighing 12.0 ± 4.3 kg.
Methods Dogs received intravenous administration (IV) of acepromazine (0.05 mg kg−1 ) and 15 minutes later, one of four opioids was randomly administered IV in a cross-over design, with at least 1-week intervals. Dogs then received MOR 0.5 mg kg−1 ; MET 0.5 mg kg−1 ; BUT 0.15 mg kg−1 ; or TRA 2.0 mg kg−1 . Indirect systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate ( f R ), rectal temperature, pedal withdrawal reflex and sedation were evaluated at regular intervals for 90 minutes.
Results Acepromazine administration decreased SAP, HR and temperature and produced mild sedation. All opioids further decreased temperature and MOR, BUT and TRA were associated with further decreases in HR. Tramadol decreased SAP whereas BUT decreased fR compared with values before opioid administration. Retching was observed in five of six dogs and vomiting occurred in one dog in MOR, but not in any dog in the remaining treatments. Sedation scores were greater in MET followed by MOR and BUT. Tramadol was associated with minor changes in sedation produced by acepromazine alone.
Conclusions and clinical relevance When used with acepromazine, MET appears to provide better sedation than MOR, BUT and TRA. If vomiting is to be avoided, MET, BUT and TRA may be better options than MOR. 相似文献
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Six adult mixed-breed male dogs weighing 12.0 ± 4.3 kg.
Methods Dogs received intravenous administration (IV) of acepromazine (0.05 mg kg
Results Acepromazine administration decreased SAP, HR and temperature and produced mild sedation. All opioids further decreased temperature and MOR, BUT and TRA were associated with further decreases in HR. Tramadol decreased SAP whereas BUT decreased f
Conclusions and clinical relevance When used with acepromazine, MET appears to provide better sedation than MOR, BUT and TRA. If vomiting is to be avoided, MET, BUT and TRA may be better options than MOR. 相似文献
7.
The effect of pre-anaesthetic medication on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia in cats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. P. Walsh BVetMed CertVA MRCVS J. C. Brearley MA VetMB DVADip ECVA K. S. Cullum-Hanshaw Dip AVN. 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2000,27(1):45-49
Objective To compare the incidence of arrhythmias in cats receiving either acepromazine or diazepam for pre-anaesthetic medication prior to halothane anaesthesia.
Study design A blinded, randomized clinical study.
Animals Forty-six healthy cats undergoing surgery.
Methods Animals were allocated to one of two groups for pre-anaesthetic medication. Group 1 received diazepam (0.2 mg kg−1 ). Group 2 received acepromazine (0.02 mg kg−1 ). The trial drug was administered intramuscularly in combination with buprenorphine (0.01 mg kg−1 ) 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with propofol (approximately 5 mg kg−1 ). Anaesthesia was maintained using halothane: delivered concentration was 1–2% carried in oxygen and nitrous oxide via an endotracheal tube attached to an Ayre's T-piece (with Jackson-Rees modification) breathing system. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was determined by continuously monitoring the electrocardiogram from the time of induction until recovery occurred. Demographical group characteristics were compared using analysis of variance. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was compared by the Chi squared test. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level.
Results The two groups were similar in weight, age, length and type of procedure undertaken. The incidence of arrhythmias was the same in each group (3/23 cases) ( p = 1.0).
Conclusions The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in this study did not appear to be influenced by the nature of pre-anaesthetic medication.
Clinical relevance The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias under halothane anaesthesia was 13% in this study. Acepromazine did not appear to exert an anti-arrhythmic effect. This may not be the case in a larger scale study. 相似文献
Study design A blinded, randomized clinical study.
Animals Forty-six healthy cats undergoing surgery.
Methods Animals were allocated to one of two groups for pre-anaesthetic medication. Group 1 received diazepam (0.2 mg kg
Results The two groups were similar in weight, age, length and type of procedure undertaken. The incidence of arrhythmias was the same in each group (3/23 cases) ( p = 1.0).
Conclusions The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in this study did not appear to be influenced by the nature of pre-anaesthetic medication.
Clinical relevance The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias under halothane anaesthesia was 13% in this study. Acepromazine did not appear to exert an anti-arrhythmic effect. This may not be the case in a larger scale study. 相似文献
8.
Bosmans T Schauvliege S Gasthuys F Duchateau L Marcilla MG Gadeyne C Polis I 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(2):146-157
ObjectiveTo compare the cardiovascular effects of four epidural treatments in isoflurane anaesthetised dogs.Study designProspective, randomized. experimental study.AnimalsSix female, neutered Beagle dogs (13.3 ± 1.0 kg), aged 3.6 ± 0.1 years.MethodsAnaesthesia was induced with propofol (8.3 ± 1.1 mg kg?1) and maintained with isoflurane in a mixture of oxygen and air [inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO2) = 40%], using intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Using a cross-over model, NaCl 0.9% (P); methadone 1% 0.1 mg kg?1 (M); ropivacaine 0.75% 1.65 mg kg?1 (R) or methadone 1% 0.1 mg kg?1 + ropivacaine 0.75% 1.65 mg kg?1 (RM) in equal volumes (0.23 mL kg?1) using NaCl 0.9%, was administered epidurally at the level of the lumbosacral space. Treatment P was administered to five dogs only. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables, blood gases, and oesophageal temperature were recorded at T-15 and for 60 minutes after epidural injection (T0).ResultsMean overall heart rate (HR in beats minute?1) was significantly lower after treatment M (119 ± 16) (p = 0.0019), R (110 ± 18) (p < 0.0001) and RM (109 ± 13) (p < 0.0001), compared to treatment P (135 ± 21). Additionally, a significant difference in HR between treatments RM and M was found (p = 0.04). After both ropivacaine treatments, systemic arterial pressures (sAP) were significantly lower compared to other treatments. No significant overall differences between treatments were present for central venous pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery and arterial oxygen content (CaO2). Heart rate and sAP significantly increased after treatment P and M compared to baseline (T-15). With all treatments significant reductions from baseline were observed in oesophageal temperature, packed cell volume and CaO2. A transient unilateral Horner’s syndrome occurred in one dog after treatment R.Conclusions and clinical relevanceClinically important low sAPs were observed after the ropivacaine epidural treatments in isoflurane anaesthetised dogs. Systemic arterial pressures were clinically acceptable when using epidural methadone. 相似文献
9.
EH Hofmeister CB Mosunic BT Torres AG Ralph PA Moore MR Read 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):11-12
Ketamine has been implicated as causing increases in intraocular pressure. The purpose of this study is to document the effects of ketamine, diazepam, and their combination on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal, unpremedicated dogs. Random-source dogs were assigned to one of five groups of 10 dogs each: ketamine 5 mg kg–1 (KET5), ketamine 10 mg kg–1 (KET10), diazepam 0.5 mg kg–1 (VAL), ketamine 10 mg kg–1 with diazepam 0.5 mg kg–1 (KETVAL), saline 0.1 mL kg–1 (SAL), all given intravenously. A baseline IOP was measured before injection, immediately after injection, and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes following injection. IOP was increased over baseline immediately after injection in the KET5, KET10, and KETVAL groups; at 5, 10, and 15 minutes in the KET5 group; and at 20 minutes in the KETVAL group. The mean IOP change compared to SAL increased immediately after injection and at 5 minutes in the KET5, KET10, and KETVAL groups; at 10 and 15 minutes in the KET5 group, and at 20 minutes in the KETVAL group. The mean IOP increased up to 5.7, 3.2, and 3.1 mm Hg over mean baseline in the KET5, KET10, and KETVAL groups, respectively. All dogs in the KET5 group and the majority in the KETVAL and KET10 groups had an increase in their IOP over baseline. Ketamine caused a clinically and statistically significant elevation in IOP over baseline and compared to SAL. The concurrent addition of diazepam did not blunt this increase. Ketamine should be avoided in dogs with corneal trauma, glaucoma, or in those undergoing intraocular surgery. 相似文献
10.
Robert J. Brosnan DVM PhD Diplomate ACVA & Eugene P. Steffey VMD PhD Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):421-425
Objective We hypothesized that propofol can produce rapidly-reversible, dose-dependent standing sedation in horses.
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Twelve healthy horses aged 12 ± 6 years (mean ± SD), weighing 565 ± 20 kg, and with an equal distribution of mares and geldings.
Methods Propofol was administered as an intravenous bolus at one of three randomized doses (0.20, 0.35 and 0.50 mg kg−1 ). Cardiovascular and behavioral measurements were made by a single investigator, who was blinded to treatment dose, at 3 minute intervals until subjective behavior scores returned to pre-sedation baseline values. Continuous data were analyzed over time using repeated-measures anova and noncontinuous data were analyzed using Friedman tests.
Results There were no significant propofol dose or temporal effects on heart rate, respiratory rate, vertical head height, or jugular venous blood gases (pHv , Pv O2 , Pv CO2 ). The 0.35 mg kg−1 dose caused mild sedation lasting up to 6 minutes. The 0.50 mg kg−1 dose increased sedation depth and duration, but with increased ataxia and apparent muscle weakness.
Conclusions and clinical relevance Intravenous 0.35 mg kg−1 propofol provided brief, mild sedation in horses. Caution is warranted at higher doses due to increased risk of ataxia. 相似文献
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Twelve healthy horses aged 12 ± 6 years (mean ± SD), weighing 565 ± 20 kg, and with an equal distribution of mares and geldings.
Methods Propofol was administered as an intravenous bolus at one of three randomized doses (0.20, 0.35 and 0.50 mg kg
Results There were no significant propofol dose or temporal effects on heart rate, respiratory rate, vertical head height, or jugular venous blood gases (pH
Conclusions and clinical relevance Intravenous 0.35 mg kg
11.
Elizabeth A Leece BVSc CertVA Diplomate ECVAA MRCVS Nicolas M Girard† DVM CertVA MRCVS & Kieren Maddern BVSc MACVSc MRCVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):480-484
Objective To evaluate the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia using alfaxalone following pre-anaesthetic medication with romifidine and butorphanol in ponies undergoing castration in the field.
Study design Prospective clinical study.
Animals Seventeen male ponies weighing 169 ± 29 kg.
Methods The ponies were sedated with romifidine and butorphanol intravenously (IV). Induction time was recorded following administration of alfaxalone 1 mg kg−1 and diazepam 0.02 mg kg−1 IV. If movement during surgery occurred, alfaxalone 0.2 mg kg−1 was administered IV. The quality of anaesthetic induction, and recovery were scored on a subjective scale of 1 (good) to 5 (poor). The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency and standing, quality of recovery and times from induction to end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded.
Results Induction quality was good [median score (range) 1 (1–3)] with a mean ± SD time of 29 ± 6 seconds taken to achieve lateral recumbency. Ten ponies required incremental doses of alfaxalone during surgery. Mean times to the end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were 26 ± 9 minutes, 31 ± 9 minutes, 33 ± 9 minutes and 34 ± 9 minutes respectively. The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency was 1(1–1) and to attain standing was 1(1–2). Quality of recovery was good, with a recovery score of 1(1–2).
Conclusions and clinical relevance Alfaxalone provided smooth induction and recovery characteristics and was considered suitable for maintenance of anaesthesia for castration in ponies. 相似文献
Study design Prospective clinical study.
Animals Seventeen male ponies weighing 169 ± 29 kg.
Methods The ponies were sedated with romifidine and butorphanol intravenously (IV). Induction time was recorded following administration of alfaxalone 1 mg kg
Results Induction quality was good [median score (range) 1 (1–3)] with a mean ± SD time of 29 ± 6 seconds taken to achieve lateral recumbency. Ten ponies required incremental doses of alfaxalone during surgery. Mean times to the end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were 26 ± 9 minutes, 31 ± 9 minutes, 33 ± 9 minutes and 34 ± 9 minutes respectively. The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency was 1(1–1) and to attain standing was 1(1–2). Quality of recovery was good, with a recovery score of 1(1–2).
Conclusions and clinical relevance Alfaxalone provided smooth induction and recovery characteristics and was considered suitable for maintenance of anaesthesia for castration in ponies. 相似文献
12.
Stegmann GF 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2010,81(3):143-147
The cardiovascular effects of non-abdominal and abdominal surgery during isoflurane anaesthesia (A-group) or isoflurane anaesthesia supplemented with either epidural ropivacaine (AR-group; 0.75 % solution, 0.2 ml/kg) or morphine (AM-group; 0.1 mg/kg diluted in saline to 0.2 ml/kg) were evaluated in 28 healthy pigs with a mean body weight of 30.3 kg SD +/- 4.1 during surgical devascularisation of the liver. Anaesthesia was induced with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was deepened with intravenous propofol to enable tracheal intubation and maintained with isoflurane on a circle rebreathing circuit. The vaporiser was set at 2.5% for the A-group and 1.5% for the AR- and AM-groups. Differences between treatment groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) for any of the variables. Differences between AM- and AR-groups were marginally significant heart rate (HR) (P = 0.06) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P = 0.08). Within treatment groups, differences for the A-group were statistically significant (P < 0.05) between non-abdominal and abdominal surgery for HR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DIA) and MAP. Within the AM-group differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for DIA and MAE and within the AR group differences for all variables were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that in isoflurane-anaesthetised pigs, the epidural administration of ropivacaine decreased heart rate and improved arterial blood pressure during surgery. 相似文献
13.
The effects of metaraminol bitartrate on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in dogs anesthetized with halothane. Forty-five healthy, adult, mixed-breed dogs, of both sexes, were divided into three groups of 15 dogs each (GI, GII and GIII) and maintained under general anesthesia with halothane after tranquilization with levomepromazine and induction with thiopental. Saline (0.9%) was administered intravenously (IV) to GI through continuous infusion, at a velocity of 0.125 mL kg−1 min−1 . GII and GIII received metaraminol 0.004% IV, at a dose of 5 μg kg−1 min−1 , at 0.125 mL kg−1 min−1 and at a dose of 2 μg kg−1 min−1 , at 0.06 mL kg−1 min−1 , respectively. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry (Tono-Pen) before and during anesthesia. Results showed that IOP decreased in GI, increased in GII, and remained at basal levels in GIII. Continuous infusion of metaraminol at 2 μg kg min−1 maintained IOP at pretest levels, while infusion at 5 μg kg−1 min−1 produced an elevation of IOP. 相似文献
14.
Pancuronium bromide, a neuromuscular blocking agent, was evaluated in canine cataract surgical patients under general anesthesia to determine its effects on respiratory function and globe position. Two paralytic, anesthetic regimes were studied: one using a standard dosage of 0.066 mg kg−1 pancuronium bromide, given intravenously while providing the patient with ventilatory support, and one using a dosage of 0.022 mg kg−1 in which no ventilatory support was provided. Eye position and anterior vitreal position/displacement were recorded by a surgeon who was blinded as to treatment group. Physiological parameters indicative of respiratory function were monitored. Both dosages of pancuronium produced comparable, neutral globe position within 30 s following administration which lasted for 20–30 min. All patients in the standard dose group experienced uneventful anesthetic episodes with physiological parameters well within the normal ranges. Within 5 min after administration, all patients in the low-dose group developed a pronounced respiratory acidosis (mean arterial pH = 7.07 ± 0.08; mean PaCO2 = 79.8 ± 10.7 mmHg), which exceeded a set of predetermined safety limits, and subsequently these dogs received ventilatory support. We conclude that 0.022 mg kg−1 pancuronium rapidly produces an unacceptable level of respiratory acidosis and, as a result, patients receiving neuromuscular blocking agents should routinely receive ventilatory support. 相似文献
15.
Joy L. Barbet Tara Snook†¶ John M. Gay‡ Katrina L. Mealey‡ 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(2):111-114
Twenty-two dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis were treated with milbemycin oxime (MO) because of poor response to previous therapies or because the dog was a breed known to be susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis. Fifteen of the 22 dogs were herding breeds. Doses of MO ranged from 1.0 to 2.2 mg kg−1 day−1 per os. Cheek swab samples were obtained in order to determine each dog's ABCB 1 genotype. Adverse drug reactions were recorded for each dog by the owners and/or veterinarians. The ABCB 1-1Δ genotype was significantly associated with the development of an adverse reaction (neurological toxicity) after treatment with MO. None of the 19 dogs with the wild-type ABCB1 allele experienced adverse reactions, whereas two dogs homozygous for the ABCB1-1Δ mutation developed ataxia. Assessing the ABCB1-1Δ genotype prior to MO administration may prevent neurological toxicity in these patients. 相似文献
16.
Honkavaara JM Raekallio MR Kuusela EK Hyvärinen EA Vainio OM 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(5):409-413
Objective To investigate the influence of L-659,066, a peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on dexmedetomidine-induced sedation and reduction in pulse rate (PR) in dogs.
Study design Randomized, cross-over.
Animals Six healthy laboratory Beagles.
Methods All animals received dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg−1 IV, DEX) alone or in combination with L-659,066 (250 μg kg−1 IV, DEX + L) with a 7-day rest period between treatments. Sedation was assessed using a composite sedation score and PRs were recorded. Atipamezole (50 μg kg−1 IM, ATI) was administered to reverse the sedation. Overnight Holter-monitoring was carried out to obtain a minimum heart rate (MHR) at rest.
Results Bioequivalence was shown for clinical sedation between DEX and DEX + L. Heart rate was significantly higher with DEX + L during the period of sedation. Bioequivalence was demonstrated between MHR and PR in the DEX + L group during the period of sedation. Recoveries after ATI were uneventful.
Conclusions L-659,066 did not affect the quality of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation whilst it attenuated the reduction in PR. Thus, L-659,066 could prove a useful adjunct to reduce the peripheral cardiovascular effects attributed to dexmedetomidine in dogs.
Clinical relevance The clinical safety of α2-adrenoceptor agonists could be markedly improved with less peripheral cardiovascular effects. 相似文献
Study design Randomized, cross-over.
Animals Six healthy laboratory Beagles.
Methods All animals received dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg
Results Bioequivalence was shown for clinical sedation between DEX and DEX + L. Heart rate was significantly higher with DEX + L during the period of sedation. Bioequivalence was demonstrated between MHR and PR in the DEX + L group during the period of sedation. Recoveries after ATI were uneventful.
Conclusions L-659,066 did not affect the quality of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation whilst it attenuated the reduction in PR. Thus, L-659,066 could prove a useful adjunct to reduce the peripheral cardiovascular effects attributed to dexmedetomidine in dogs.
Clinical relevance The clinical safety of α2-adrenoceptor agonists could be markedly improved with less peripheral cardiovascular effects. 相似文献
17.
Objective To determine how a combination of anesthetic drugs; including pre-medication, induction agents and inhalational agents; affect colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the presence and absence of isotonic fluid administration. Secondarily, to determine if changes in total plasma protein (TPP) correlate with COP in anesthetized patients.
Study Design Prospective, randomized clinical study.
Animals Ten female dogs, 4 months to 4 years of age and >8 kg undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.
Methods All dogs were anesthetized in a similar fashion. After induction, five dogs received lactated ringer's solution (LRS) at 10 mL kg−1 hour−1 and five dogs received no fluid therapy during anesthesia. Blood samples were collected prior to pre-medication, prior to induction, immediately post-induction/prior to the inhalational agent, 30 minutes post-induction, at the time of recovery and 45 minutes post-discontinuation of inhalant. TPP and COP were measured from each sample.
Results Administration of fluids resulted in a decrease in COP and TPP over time that did not return to baseline by 45 minutes after recovery. Anesthesia without the administration of fluids also resulted in a significant decrease in COP over time, that was rebounding by recovery (but still significantly less than baseline). TPP had variable correlation with COP at different time points with or without fluid administration.
Conclusions and clinical relevance Anesthetic drugs alter COP similarly in the presence and absence of isotonic fluids. These changes in COP did not have a simple relationship to TPP and so the latter could not be used to predict COP in this patient population. 相似文献
Study Design Prospective, randomized clinical study.
Animals Ten female dogs, 4 months to 4 years of age and >8 kg undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.
Methods All dogs were anesthetized in a similar fashion. After induction, five dogs received lactated ringer's solution (LRS) at 10 mL kg
Results Administration of fluids resulted in a decrease in COP and TPP over time that did not return to baseline by 45 minutes after recovery. Anesthesia without the administration of fluids also resulted in a significant decrease in COP over time, that was rebounding by recovery (but still significantly less than baseline). TPP had variable correlation with COP at different time points with or without fluid administration.
Conclusions and clinical relevance Anesthetic drugs alter COP similarly in the presence and absence of isotonic fluids. These changes in COP did not have a simple relationship to TPP and so the latter could not be used to predict COP in this patient population. 相似文献
18.
Pharmacokinetics of a new long acting endectocide formulation containing 2.25% ivermectin and 1.25% abamectin in cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Borges FA Cho HS Santos E Oliveira GP Costa AJ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(1):62-67
The objective of this study was to determine the kinetic parameters of a new formulation that contained 2.25% ivermectin combined with 1.25% abamectin in bovine plasma. The results for 2.25% ivermectin: C max (37.11 ng/mL ± 7.42), T max (16 days ± 5.29), T 1/2 (44.62 days ± 53.89), AUC (928.2 ng·day/mL ± 153.83) and MRT (36.73 days ± 33.64), and for 1.25% abamectin: C max (28.70 ng/mL ± 9.54), T max (14 days ± 4.04), T 1/2 (15.40 days ± 11.43), AUC (618.05 ng·day/mL ± 80.27) and MRT (20.79 days ± 8.43) suggest that this combination of 2.25% ivermectin + 1.25% abamectin possesses properties that give this pharmaceutical formula a longer activity time than two of the commercial products tested (1% ivermectin and 1% abamectin), and showed similarity to 3.15% ivermectin. 相似文献
19.
Tarrant JM Stokol T Blue JT McDonough SP Farrell P 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(1):19-24
Abstract: Chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed in a 3.5-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever. The diagnosis was based on persistent leukocytosis (>73.0×103 /μL), composed of a proportionate left shift to pro-granulocytes with no evidence of underlying inflammation, infection, or neoplasia. Marked dysplasia was evident in neutrophils and platelets in peripheral blood. Bone marrow and splenic aspirates were dominated by mature and immature neutrophils with < 2% myeloblasts. Cytochemical and flow cytometric assays confirmed that cells in the peripheral blood and spleen were of committed neutrophil lineage. The dog responded initially to treatment with hydroxyurea, but developed acute undifferentiated leukemia approximately 83 days after initial presentation. 相似文献
20.
Lynette K. Cole Mark G. Papich† Kenneth W. Kwochka‡ rew Hillier Daniel D. Smeak§ Amy M. Lehman¶ 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(1):51-59
The purpose of this study was to measure the concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin following intravenous administration of enrofloxacin in the plasma and ear tissue of dogs with chronic end-stage otitis undergoing a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. The goals were to determine the relationship between the dose of enrofloxacin and the concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and determine appropriate doses of enrofloxacin for treatment of chronic otitis externa and media. Thirty dogs were randomized to an enrofloxacin-treatment group (5, 10, 15 or 20 mg kg−1 ) or control group (no enrofloxacin). After surgical removal, ear tissue samples (skin, vertical ear canal, horizontal ear canal, middle ear) and a blood sample were collected. Concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the plasma and ear tissue were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Repeated measures models were applied to log-transformed data to assess dosing trends and Pearson correlations were calculated to assess concentration associations. Ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than plasma concentrations. Each 5 mg kg−1 increase in the dose of enrofloxacin resulted in a 72% and 37% increase in enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations, respectively. For bacteria with an minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.12–0.15 or less, 0.19–0.24, 0.31–0.39 and 0.51–0.64 µg mL−1 , enrofloxacin should be dosed at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1 , respectively. Treatment with enrofloxacin would not be recommended for a bacterial organism intermediate or resistant in susceptibility to enrofloxacin since appropriate levels of enrofloxacin would not be attained. 相似文献