棕榈科植物在海南园林造景中的应用研究

介绍了棕榈科植物的观赏价值及应用现状,并从孤植、对植、丛植、列植、群植、盆植等方面,分析了棕榈科植物在园林造景中的配置方式。探讨了棕榈科植物在道路绿化、庭院环境绿化、校园环境绿化、公园与广场环境绿化、专类园设计、滨水及湿地绿化中的应用。基于对海南棕榈科植物景观的观察研究,探讨了棕榈科植物在海南的主要应用方式及配置类型,指出棕榈科植物在海南植物造景中的不足,并提出了相关建议,以期更好地发挥棕榈科植物的造景功能。     

棕榈科植物在岭南园林中的应用

棕榈科植物在岭南园林的植物配置上别具特色,且应用越来越广泛,但如何运用棕榈科植物来发扬岭南园林特色,成为研究岭南园林植物造景的一个新方向。对棕榈科植物在岭南园林中应用的情况进行了调查研究,就棕榈科植物景观应用等方面进行了探讨。     

棕榈科植物在园林绿化中的应用

本文分析了国内外棕榈科植物应用的历史、现状及前景,探讨棕榈科植物在园林绿化中的应用以及发展棕榈科植物应注意的问题。     

中国棕榈科植物引种与园林应用研究进展

通过查阅棕榈科植物相关文献,运用文献分析法系统归纳了中国棕榈科植物资源与引种、园林建设以及在医药、生活等方面应用的研究现状．通过构建“１＋２”维度分析框架后发现,棕榈科植物应用研究进展呈现为总体波动上升状态,并归纳了中国棕榈科植物在温带边缘地区引种栽培情况．最后提出了目前棕榈科植物利用方面的存在问题和未来研究展望,旨在对中国棕榈科植物的理论研究与应用实践提供参考．     

关于几种棕榈科植物在长沙的应用研究

棕榈科植物形态优美,充满浓郁的热带风情。随着现代园林绿化事业的发展,棕榈科植物作为重要的园林绿化植物,被广泛运用于园林造景建设中,带给人们不同的视觉享受。笔者经过多年景观行业植物设计工作的总结,对引种到长沙地区种植的棕榈科植物进行了调研,详列了几种可以在长沙地区露地越冬的棕榈科植物,这几种华南地区应用普遍的棕榈科植物,都可以很好的适应长沙的气候条件。通过简单介绍,探讨其在园林绿化中的景观表现及应用形式,以供参考。     

棕榈科植物在园林中的应用

从棕榈科植物的生物学特征及园林美学特征等方面入手,探讨了棕榈科植物在园林绿化中的应用情况及在园林设计中的配置方式,得出棕榈科植物完全符合园林绿化的需要,应大力开发与利用.     

昆明的棕榈科植物(1)

1棕榈科植物概况 1.1棕榈科植物的种类 棕榈科植物属于单子叶植物纲,棕榈科常绿植物.目前全世界已知的棕榈科植物有200多属,3 200余种.中国原产的有8属,近100余种,主要产于云南、广西、广东、福建、台湾等省区.     

云南地区棕榈科植物多样性的空间分布格局

以大尺度的物种分布信息为基础,探讨了云南地区棕榈科植物多样性的地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区的棕榈科植物大多数为狭域分布物种;在海拔梯度上,从低海拔到高海拔,棕榈科植物多样性呈递减趋势;在纬度梯度上,从南到北,该科植物多样性亦呈逐渐递减的分布格局。棕榈科植物的多样性分布格局与该科植物起源于热带地区以及由此决定的生态特性有关。     

棕榈科植物在茂名城区园林景观中的应用

对茂名城区公园绿地棕榈科植物应用现状、分布、使用频率,以及与其他植物的配置形式等进行调查研究,总结了棕榈科植物在茂名城区公园绿地中应用的种类和特点,为棕榈科植物在茂名乃至粤西地区公园绿地景观植物配置提供参考依据。     

棕榈科观赏植物在绵阳市的应用状况调查

为使棕榈科观赏植物在绵阳市园林绿化的合理应用,调查了棕榈科观赏植物在绵阳的应用状况。调查表明,绵阳市已经引种栽培的棕榈科植物有10属14种,其中应用较多的有刺葵属的加拿利海藻、蒲葵属的裂叶蒲葵、棕榈属的棕榈、棕竹属的细叶棕竹和多裂棕竹。大部分引种栽培的棕榈科植物能适应绵阳的气候和环境,生长基本正常,这表明绵阳在引种栽培棕榈科植物方面具有良好的自然条件和发展潜力。棕榈科植物在绵阳居住区、道路、广场、公园等地方均有应用。     

水椰八角铁甲在海南的风险性分析

水椰八角铁甲[Octodonta nipae(Maulik)]是椰子等棕榈科植物的主要害虫,国外主要分布马来西来和泰国等地,国内分布于海南(已除灭)、广东、广西、福建、云南等省。为尽早预防该虫传入,简要描述了水椰八角铁甲的生物生态学特性,并运用有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis,PRA)方法,对水椰八角铁甲入侵海南的可能性进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,水椰八角铁甲在海南省的风险评估值R=2.01,属于高风险的林业有害生物。     

Mapping and identifying basal stem rot disease in oil palms in North Sumatra with QuickBird imagery

The application of remote sensing technology and precision agriculture in the oil palm industry is in development. This study investigated the potential of high resolution QuickBird satellite imagery, which has a synoptic overview, for detecting oil palms infected by basal stem rot disease and for mapping the disease. Basal stem rot disease poses a major threat to the oil palm industry, especially in Indonesia. It is caused by Ganoderma boninense and the symptoms can be seen on the leaf and basal stem. At present there is no effective control for this disease and early detection of the infection is essential. A detailed, accurate and rapid method of monitoring the disease is needed urgently. This study used QuickBird imagery to detect the disease and its spatial pattern. Initially, oil palm and non oil palm object segmentation based on the red band was used to map the spatial pattern of the disease. Secondly, six vegetation indices derived from visible and near infrared bands (NIR) were used for to identify palms infected by the disease. Finally, ground truth from field sampling in four fields with different ages of plant and degrees of infection was used to assess the accuracy of the remote sensing approach. The results show that image segmentation effectively delineated areas infected by the disease with a mapping accuracy of 84%. The resulting maps showed two patterns of the disease; a sporadic pattern in fields with older palms and a dendritic pattern in younger palms with medium to low infection. Ground truth data showed that oil palms infected by basal stem rot had a higher reflectance in the visible bands and a lower reflectance in the near infrared band. Different vegetation indices performed differently in each field. The atmospheric resistant vegetation index and green blue normalized difference vegetation index identified the disease with an accuracy of 67% in a field with 21 year old palms and high infection rates. In the field of 10 year old palms with medium rates of infection, the simple ratio (NIR/red) was effective with an accuracy of 62% for identifying the disease. The green blue normalized difference vegetation index was effective in the field of 10 years old palms with low infection rates with an accuracy of 59%. In the field of 15 and 18 years old palms with low infection rates, all the indices showed low levels of accuracy for identifying the disease. This study suggests that high resolution QuickBird imagery offers a quick, detailed and accurate way of estimating the location and extent of basal stem rot disease infections in oil palm plantations.     

Trypanosomatid flagellate in the Phloem of diseased coconut palms

Ultrastructural observations of the phloem of coconut palms affected by "hartrot" disease in Suriname have revealed the presence of the plant-infecting flagellate Phytomonas in mature sieve tubes. The occurrence of these flagellates during the earliest symptoms of the disease and the correlated increase and spread of the flagellates in the phloem as the disease progresses suggest that the organisms may be pathogenic to the palms.     

不同质量等级食用仙人掌扦插生根试验

对不同质量等级米邦塔食用仙人掌进行扦插生根对比试验,结果表明:质量等级小的掌片生根迅速,质量大的生根缓慢;质量小的掌片根长显著大于质量大的,但质量大的掌片生根的数量、重量和粗度都明显高于质量小的掌片。     

浅谈棕榈植物在园林绿化中的应用

主要介绍了园林设计中如何恰当地选用棕榈植物,以及棕榈植物如何与其他植物合理搭配。     

广东不同地区引种油棕叶片解剖结构对油棕抗寒力的影响

为进一步评价早期引种到广东深圳、东莞、茂名、化州、湛江和雷州6个地区(居群)的油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)大树的低温适应能力,以其中38株油棕为对象,对其叶片解剖结构和低温半致死温度(LT_(50))进行观测,并比较分析植株和居群的叶片解剖结构特征与LT_(50)的相关性及影响油棕抗寒力的主要因素。结果表明,油棕叶片解剖结构特征和LT_(50)存在显著的植株间和居群间(中脉维管束长度和细胞结构疏松度除外)差异;油棕植株的叶片中脉维管束宽度以及油棕居群的叶片上角质层厚度、下内皮层厚度、下表皮层厚度、中脉维管束长度和宽度与其他解剖结构之间无显著相关性;油棕植株和居群的叶片解剖结构与LT_(50)之间均无显著相关性;油棕居群的叶片上角质层厚度和植株的叶片海绵组织厚度对LT50分别具有最大的正、负直接影响。     

Automatic acoustic detection of the red palm weevil

The red palm weevil (RPW) is a key pest of horticultural and ornamental palm species in Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, currently dispersing in Mediterranean European countries, endangering the landscape. The RPW larvae bore deep into palm crowns, trunks and offshoots, concealed from visual inspection until the palms are nearly dead. Traded palm trees are intensively transported between and within countries, spreading the pest worldwide. Consequently, an urgent need exists to identify and monitor concealed RPW larvae. Acoustic signals of boring RPW larvae can be recorded from the infested palms using off-the-shelf recording devices, but the resolution of the signals emitted by healthy palms is often difficult to discriminate. The purpose of this research was to develop a mathematical method to automatically detect acoustic activity of RPW in offshoots and implement it in a prototype setup. The methodology applied was similar to techniques used in the field of speech recognition, utilizing Vector quantization (VQ) or Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM). The algorithm successfully achieved detection ratios as high as 98.9%. The study shows that it is feasible to detect RPW sounds using the mathematical method of speech recognition and commercial recording devices, which could be utilized to monitor trade and transportation of offshoots.     

红棕象甲生物防治研究进展

红棕象甲是我国棕榈科植物的重要外来入侵害虫,具有隐蔽钻蛀的危害特点,对其进行防治具有一定 难度。在我国,对红棕象甲生物防治的研究还很少报道,为对我国红棕象甲的生物防治研究提供科学参考及建议,综 述了昆虫病原线虫、昆虫病原真菌、昆虫病原细菌以及其他天敌对红棕象甲生物防治的研究进展。     

中国椰子耐寒生理研究进展与展望

低温是限制椰子种植业发展的主要因素,严重制约着中国椰子产业的发展。综述了寒害对中国椰子产业的影响,以及椰子抗寒生理的研究现状,并根据已经开展的棕榈科植物抗寒生理研究的情况,对椰子抗寒生理的研究进行了展望。     

Erratum

In Eliot Marshall's News & Comment article "Fallout from Pacific reaches Congress" (14 July, p. 123), Rongelap Atoll is described as "three-tenths of a square mile of sand and coconut palms." The atoll actually contains about 4 square miles of land surfaces. In addition, the lagoon encompassed by the atoll covers approximately 350 square miles.