用间接荧光抗体染色法检查家畜中军团菌属菌种抗体的血清学应答

用嗜肺性军团菌血清群1—5型、博杰曼军团菌、杜莫芝夫军团菌、高曼军团菌与米克达德军团菌制成沟加热灭菌抗原,以间接荧光抗体技术检查直观健康的家畜血清标本196份(其中牛50份、绵羊48份、猪50份、马48份)。结果有绵羊2例(1％)与嗜肺性军团菌血清型有反应,其滴度为256。另有29％的马与24％的绵羊至少对嗜肺性军团菌以外的军团菌属其他品系有反应。在滴度128时,有72％的猪、56％的绵羊与50％的马至少对一种军团菌品系的抗原有反应。在试验中,虽然检出了对军团菌属抗原高滴度抗体,但军团菌对动物感染的确诊,尚待进一步研究。     

内蒙古哲盟牲畜军团菌自然感染的调查

内蒙古哲盟牲畜军团菌自然感染的调查于秀英亢丽华（内蒙古哲里木盟兽医工作站）军团菌病是一种人畜共患病。关于家畜中军团菌感染情况，国内外资料报道很少，为了解我地区家畜中军团菌感染及感染菌型，我们于１９８８年至１９９０年对盟内部分地区的家畜进行了嗜肺型军团...     

南京地区家畜禽五种（12型）军团菌自然感染状况调查

自从1985年我国新疆报告从瘫痪羊羔脾脏分离出两株 Lp1,1986年以色列从2只死亡牛犊肺组织中培养出 Lp1后,人们开始注意到军团病是一种人兽共患疾病。关于健康家畜禽中军团菌感染情况,国内外仅见零星报告,调查菌型谱局限于个别种(型),对其临床和流行病学意义认识肤浅。为了解南京地区家畜禽中多种(型)军团菌自然感染和传播特点,我们于1987年10月和1988年3月对南京地区部分猪、鸡、鸭进行了嗜肺军团菌1—8血清型(Lp1—8)、博兹曼军团菌(Lb)、米克达德军团菌(Lm)、杜莫夫军团菌(Ld)和高曼军团菌(Lg)自然感染的血清流行病学调查。现将结果报告如下。     

云南省部分地区动物嗜肺军团菌抗体调查

嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila,LP)是引起人类军团病的主要病原菌,动物也存在军团菌的感染。为了解云南省动物中军团菌的感染情况,我们用微量凝集试验对云南省耿马县、华坪县的鼠、狗、马、骡、驴、黄牛、水牛、山羊血清进行了LP-1、LP-3和LP-6的血清学调查,现将结果报告如下。     

内蒙古哲盟地区畜间军团菌自然感染状况调查

内蒙古哲盟地区畜间军团菌自然感染状况调查于秀英亢丽华左军（内蒙古哲里木盟兽医工作站，通辽０２８０００）军团菌病是一种人畜共患疾病。为了解本地区家畜中是否感染与感染菌型，我们于１９８８～１９９０年对哲里木盟部分地区的家畜进行了嗜肺型军团菌ＬＰ１型和ＬＰ...     

沈阳地区七种家禽,家畜军团菌的血清学调查

用微量凝集试验(MAT),对沈阳地区鸡、鸭、鹅、牛、羊、猪、狗等七种动物进行嗜肺军团菌LP_1、LP_6型血清学调查,结果军团菌Lp_1、LP_6型抗体阳性率为4.5—55.5%,牛的阳性率最高为55.5%,高于国     

山东部分地区畜禽军团菌感染情况的调查

采用微量凝集试验对山东省济南等4个市县的4种动物进行了军团菌LP_(1-14)型及Lm血清学调查。结果表明,山东部分地区的畜禽存在着军团菌感染,抗体阳性率分别为:鸡19.61％;羊25.53％;牛14.52％;猪(兖州)22.03％和(莒南)26％。血清型分布广泛,鸡以LP_1型占优势;羊以LP_1、LP_12型居多;牛以LP_1、LP_10和LP_12型较高,兖州和莒南县猪均以LP_10型为主。     

山东部分地区畜禽军团菌感染情况的调查

采用微量凝集试验对山东省济南等４个市县的４种动和进行了军团菌ＬＰ１－１４型及Ｌｍ血清学调查。结果表明，山东部分地区的畜禽存在着军团菌感染，抗体阳性率分别为：鸡１９．６１％；羊２５．５３％；牛１４．５２％；猪（兖州）２２．０３％和（菖南）２６％。血清型分布广泛，鸡以ＬＰ１型占优势；羊以ＬＰ１，ＬＰ１２型居多，牛以ＬＰ１，ＬＰ１０和ＬＰ１２型较高，兖州和菖南县猪均以ＬＰ１０型为主。     

成都地区畜禽嗜肺军团菌抗体水平检测报告

1988年初,对成都地区510份畜禽嗜肺军团菌(Lp-1)血清抗体水平检测结果,鸭、鹅、鸡、猪总的感染率为1.96％,其中猪为3.33％,鸭为2.14％,鹅为1.48％,鸡为0.95％,经x~2检验,P>0.05。     

大环类酯类抗菌药物的分类及研究进展

大环内酯类抗生素是一类具有大环内酯这一基本化学结构和相似抗菌谱的抗菌药物。大环内酯类抗生素主要作用于革兰阳性菌和阴性球菌、厌氧菌、军团菌、衣原体和支原体细菌等,在临床治疗中发挥了重要作用。本文就大环内酯类药物的发展历史和分类进行了综述,并对临床上常用的几种动物专用大环内酯类抗生素进行简单介绍。     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Studies on some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin

A total of 49 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin were studied for biochemical characteristics. Coagulase production, clumping factor, haemolytic activity, pigment production and fermentation of maltose and mannitol were employed to differentiate S. aureus from S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Out of 49 isolates, 97.95, 93.87, 93.87, 89.79, 95.91, 100.0, 95.91, 59.18, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 89.79, 91.83 and 100.0% isolates were positive for coagulase production, protein-A production, haemolysin production, thermostable nuclease production, deoxyribonuclease production, tellurite reduction, nitrate reduction, lipase production, phosphatase production, mannitol fermentation, glucose fermentation, M.R. test, V.P. test and pigment production respectively. The only isolate from which coagulase production could not be detected, however, showed haemolytic activity, protein-A productivity, pigmentation and mannitol fermentation. One of the protein-A negative isolate was coagulase positive and showed mennitol fermentation, pigmentation and haemolytic activity. The study revealed that the biochemical characteristics of S. aureus of buffalo mammary origin did not differ from those of cattle origin. Coagulase, haemolysin, thermostable nuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, lipase, tellurite and nitrate reduction closely related with protein-A. The presence of protein-A seems to be as reliable an indicator for S. aureus of buffalo origin as is coagulase production.     

几种草坪草和牧草在兰州地区的引种适应性研究

国外引进的6个优良草坪草品种：Bardur(百舵)、Barfina(百妃娜)、Barcotsa、Barkole(百克星)、BarLp95-1和BarPc74及牧草品种——紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)在中国兰州(寒冷半干旱带)进行品种的评定和适应性研究,结果表明：除在气候异常、高温多雨的夏季,Barcorsa表现不佳外,6个草坪草品种适宜在中国寒冷半干旱带推广;紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)的植株高大,产量高、抗寒、抗倒伏,与当地品种相比,优势明显;并且在兰州地区1年刈割4次,可收到更好的增产效果。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

犬瘟热,细小病毒,腺病毒三联弱毒疫苗的研究

以犬瘟热（ＣＤＶＡ）、猫细小病毒（ＦＰＶ）、犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ１）三个弱毒株为毒种,用ＳＰＦ鸡胚成纤维细胞、ＣＲＦＫ细胞、ＭＤＣＫ细胞分别增毒制苗,按一定比例与冻干保护剂混合,经冻干工艺精制成冻干三联弱毒疫苗。试验对制苗工艺参数、半成品与成品的检验、疫苗的安全性与免疫原性、疫苗的临床应用等内容进行了研究。结果显示：三联苗对犬、貉、狐等动物预防三种病毒性传染病效果显著。     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.