Physiological Mechanism of Different Varieties and Potassium Application Amounts on Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt

[Objective] It has theoretical guiding significance for the comprehensive control technology of Verticillium wilt of cotton to explore the effect of potassium nutrition on mechanism of cotton Verticillium wilt resistance under the condition of pathogen stress of Verticillium dahliae. [Method] Three cotton cultivars Jimian 11 (JM-11 as susceptible cultivar), Zhongzhimian 2 (ZZM-2 as control cultivar), Nongda 601 (ND-601 as resistant cultivar) were adopted, and each cultivar had 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg· hm－2 potassium levels represented by K0, K75, K150, K225, K300. Two factors split plot experiment was designed under artificial nursery inoculated Verticillium dahlia, to observe disease index of Verticillium wilt, and researched resistance associated substances content and enzyme activity. [Result] (1) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activity in leaves or roots of JM-11 were more greatly influenced by Verticillium wilt compared with ZZM-2, ND-601; the crucial disease resistance substances and enzymes were lignin, total phenol and PAL for JM-11, total phenol for ZZM-2 and ND-601. (2) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activities of JM-11 were more sensitive to root potassium than ND-601, but weaker than that of ZZM-2. The sensitivity of POD, PAL activities in functional leaves of JM-11 to potassium were more sensitive than ND-601 and ZZM-2. (3) The best effect of potash fertilizer for relieving disease index for JM-11, ZZM-2, ND-601 were 32.5%, 26.4%, 16.5%, and corresponding potassium application amounts were 290.5 kg·hm－2, 253.5 kg·hm－2 and 229.5 kg·hm－2, respectively. [Conclusion] Application of potassium could increase the resistance to Verticillium wilt and reduce the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt.     

基于叶绿素荧光参数的滴灌棉花氮素营养估测模型

【目的】建立基于叶绿素荧光参数的棉花叶片氮素营养监测模型,为棉花高效施氮及植株生长状况的无损监测提供方法。【方法】在水肥一体化滴灌条件下,以新陆早58号为试验材料,设置4个施氮水平,测定了棉花生长关键时期顶2(从顶部数起)至顶5叶的叶绿素荧光参数和氮素含量,分析了棉花叶片氮素含量与荧光参数的关系。【结果】(1)棉花出苗70 d后,叶片氮素含量以及光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)潜在光化学活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ潜在最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv’/Fm’)均随着棉花生长呈逐渐下降趋势。(2)不同氮素处理下,各叶片氮素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和Fv’/Fm’均随施氮量的增加而上升,其中N2(240 kg·hm-2)处理下各荧光参数值最大。(3)叶片氮含量与Fv、Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ都呈现极显著正相关关系,与荧光参数ΦPSⅡ、Fv’/Fm’间呈现较好的指数函数关系,与荧光参数Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0呈现良好的线性函数关系。顶5叶可变荧光(Fv)与叶片氮素含量建立的关系模型(y=0.0022x+1.6243)的模拟效果最好,决定系数达到0.928,相关系数达到0.963,呈极显著正相关。【结论】适量施氮(240 kg·hm-2)能够提高PSⅡ的活性及PSⅡ反应中心开放部分的比例,进而改善棉花叶片光合能力。顶5叶氮素含量与叶绿素荧光参数Fv构建的模型精确度和拟合效果较其他荧光参数好,因此可以选用荧光参数Fv来监测棉花叶片氮素含量,进而监测植株的氮素营养状况。     

遮光对谷子光合性能及快速叶绿素荧光动力学特征的影响

为探讨弱光胁迫下谷子光合生理响应,以衡谷13号为材料,在幼苗期设置7种不同遮光处理（遮光0、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、70%）,在拔节期和灌浆期测定叶绿素含量、叶面积、净光合速率、产量和快速叶绿素荧光动力学参数的变化。结果表明,谷子叶绿素含量、叶面积、净光合速率、产量在遮光率高于20%时开始下降。荧光参数暗适应后初始荧光（F_o）、最大荧光（F_m）和可变荧光（F_v）在遮光后增大,PSⅡ反应中心最大光能转换率（F_v/F_m）、PSⅡ反应中心潜在活性（F_v/F_o）、光合性能指数（Pi_Abs）先随着遮光率的增大逐渐上升,遮光率为30%时达到最高,之后下降,遮光率为70%时低于对照。非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ_Lss）随着遮光程度的增大逐渐降低。     

氮肥对大麦灌浆期叶片光合性能的影响及其相关性分析

为探究氮肥对春大麦叶片光合性能的影响,以蒙啤3号和蒙啤5号两个品种为材料,研究不同施氮水平下内蒙古东部灌区春大麦灌浆期间叶片叶绿素（Chl）含量,叶绿素荧光参数（最大荧光F_m、最大光化学效率F_v/F_m、光化学猝灭系数q_P）,光合参数（净光合速率P_n、气孔导度G_s、蒸腾速率T_r）的动态变化及其相关性。结果表明:随着灌浆时间延长,不同氮肥处理两品种大麦叶片Chl含量、F_m、F_v/F_m、q_P均呈先升高后降低的趋势,P_n、G_s、T_r均呈下降趋势;随着施氮水平升高,叶片Chl含量、F_m、F_v/F_m、q_P、P_n、G_s、T_r均逐渐升高。相关分析结果显示,叶片Chl含量、F_m、F_v/F_m、q_P、P_n、G_s、T_r间均呈极显著正相关关系。显示增施氮肥可促进大麦灌浆期间叶片光合性能。本研究为优质高产大麦生产实践提供理论依据。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

为探究外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及光合特性的调控效应,以绥玉13（低温敏感型）和郑单958（耐低温型）为试验材料,于三叶一心期叶面喷施20mg/L ALA,在昼/夜温度为14℃/5℃的低温条件下培养48h,恢复常温48h后取样,分析外源ALA对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、光合作用参数及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：低温胁迫显著抑制两个玉米品种幼苗的株高、叶面积、鲜重和干重。低温处理导致幼苗SPAD值下降,叶片净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、最大荧光（F_m）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、潜在光化学效率（F_v/F_o）及光化学猝灭系数（q_P）水平降低,初始荧光（F_o）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）升高。外源ALA能够促进低温胁迫下玉米幼苗形态建成与物质积累,叶片SPAD值增加。外源ALA能够缓解由低温胁迫导致的叶片P_n、T_r、G_s和C_i下降,提高F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o及q_P水平,降低F_o和NPQ水平。由此可见,外源ALA能够促进叶片光合作用,提高PSⅡ反应活性,促进物质积累,增强玉米苗期的抗低温能力,且对低温敏感型玉米品种的缓解低温伤害效果更好。     

花铃期短期渍水和高温对棉花叶片光合特性、膜脂过氧化代谢及产量的影响

渍水和高温是长江中下游地区棉花生育中后期的主要气象灾害。2011和2012年在桶栽栽培条件下,研究了棉花花铃期功能叶光合特性、膜脂过氧化代谢对渍水(土表积水2~3 cm,7 d)、高温(7 d,每天持续6 h)及其复合胁迫的响应差异及其与产量的关系。结果表明,渍水、高温单独处理均增加了棉花主茎倒4叶超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量。渍水和高温共同处理导致SOD活性降低,POD活性迅速增强和MDA含量急剧增加。渍水、高温及渍水+高温均降低了叶片SPAD值、光系统II最大光化学量子产量(Maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II,F_v/F_m)和潜在光化学活性(Potential photochemical activity of photosystem II,F_v/F_0);同时降低了叶片净光合速率(Net photosynthesis rate,P_n)、气孔导度(Stomatal conductance,C_s)和蒸腾速率(Transpiration rate,T_r),增加了胞间二氧化碳浓度(Intercellular CO2concentration,C_i);减少了单株成铃数,降低了铃重,进而降低了籽棉产量,而对衣分影响不明显。从产量受害程度来看,渍水+高温(23.0%)渍水(17.1%)高温(9.8%)。除Ci外,SPAD值(叶绿素含量)、P_n、T_r、C_s、F_v/F_m及F_v/F_0与产量均呈显著正相关关系,其中SPAD值与产量的相关性最好。可将功能叶SPAD值作为作物响应逆境胁迫的敏感指标,应用到棉花抗逆能力评价和气象灾害减产评估之中。     

不同光质对马铃薯腋芽薯结薯特性及光合性能的影响

将“延薯4号”单叶节茎段转入白光、红光、蓝光、红蓝光（4:1）下,测定了腋芽薯结薯特性、蔗糖和淀粉含量及光合性能等指标。结果表明,蓝光处理腋芽薯形成最早,单薯重和结薯率最高;在腋芽薯形成过程中,叶片蔗糖含量、干物质含量、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、净光合速率（P_n）、相对电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学猝灭系数（q_P）、实际量子产量（Y_PSⅡ）显著高于其他光质处理;红光处理叶片的蒸腾速率（T_r）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）、气孔导度（G_s）显著高于其他光质处理,蓝光处理最低;相同扦插时间叶片的潜在最大光能利用率（F_v/F_m）在不同光质处理间无显著性差异。基于上述结果,蓝光为诱导马铃薯单叶节茎段腋芽薯的理想人工光源。     

盐胁迫对2个不同盐敏感性水稻品种（系）叶片光合特性与产量的影响

研究盐胁迫对不同盐敏感性水稻品种（系）叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响,为耐盐品种选育和盐碱地有效开发利用提供理论参考。以武运粳30（盐敏感性品种）和振稻23309（耐盐性品系）为材料,比较研究不同盐分梯度（0%、0.07%、0.14%、0.21%、0.28%、0.35%）对水稻产量和抽穗期水稻叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,随盐浓度的提高,两个品种（系）产量呈现递减趋势,且武运粳30的降幅更大。在盐胁迫条件下,武运粳30的穗数、穗粒数、结实率显著降低且降幅显著大于振稻23309,两个品种（系）千粒重变化都不明显。与对照相比,在低盐胁迫（0.07%）下,振稻23309的叶片净光合速率（P_n）、叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、水分利用效率（WUE）、表观叶肉导度（AMC）、荧光参数（潜在活性F_v/F_o、最大光化学效率F_v/F_m、实际光化学效率Φ_PSⅡ、光化学猝灭系数q_p、非光化学猝灭系数q_N）均显著上升;0.14%盐浓度处理下,两个基因型水稻除q_N显著提高外,其余各参数均呈下降趋势,且振稻23309的降幅要小于武运粳30;盐浓度大于0.14%时,两个基因型水稻各参数均显著降低,且武运粳30的降幅更大。由此可见,盐胁迫对水稻产量和叶片光合特性的影响不仅与盐浓度有关,且存在显著的基因型差异;水稻叶片叶绿素含量高、光合作用的气孔限制向非气孔限制转变慢、植株水分利用率高、光合系统Ⅱ非辐射能耗散增加、光保护能力强等因素是耐盐品系振稻23309表现出较强耐盐性的内在原因。     

Proteomics Analysis of Gossypium barbadense Leaves with Resistance to Verticillium dahliae under Infection Stress

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to analyze the resistance mechanism of island cotton under Verticillium wilt stress and to find possible resistance genes. [Method] The cotton resistance mechanism under the stress of Verticillium dahliae was studied by protein two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry at the protein level. [Result] In the leaves, eleven proteins were down-regulated and 15 proteins were up-regulated after 2 hours of inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. The down-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, and then we deduce that Verticillium dahliae is mainly broken cotton photosynthetic system to cause cotton susceptibility. The up-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and benzoquinone reductase, beta-D-galactosidase, 14-3-3f protein and other disease-resistant protein. [Conclusion] It is speculated that the defense mechanism of island cotton on Verticillium wilt may occur at two levels: one is passive defense, it is manifested that the isoproteins of the down-regulated proteins such as chloroplast II AB binding protein and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase are highly expressed to maintain the stability of the island cotton photosynthetic system, the histone and 14-3-3f protein are highly expressed to keep the cell stability; the second is active defense, it is manifested that the high expressed β-D-galactosidase and benzoquinone reductase may be involved in the resistance of island cotton to Verticillium wilt.     

黄萎病对棉花叶片光合效率和棉株生长的影响

在田间自然发病的情况下，对两个陆地棉品种的感黄萎病棉株和健株进行生理活性和生长状况比较研究，结果表明，病株各叶位叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶绿素光合效率、单叶叶面积与健株相比，都明显相应偏低，主茎节间长度也明显缩短。说明，感染黄萎病后的棉株，由于生理活性降低，导致生物量和产量下降。     

脱落酸对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

脱落酸（ABA）是作物生产中广泛应用的一种植物激素。探究ABA对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗光合特性的影响,为阐明低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片光合结构的防御保护机制提供理论依据。以玉米品种“久龙5号”为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,探讨了低温胁迫0、2、4、6、8d下不同浓度脱落酸对玉米幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫显著抑制玉米幼苗的正常生长,导致SPAD值下降,叶片净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）、PSⅡ光化学最大效率（F_v/F_m）和潜在光化学效率（F_v/F_o）水平下降,初始荧光（F_o）显著升高。外源喷施适当浓度的ABA能够显著缓解由低温胁迫导致的玉米叶片P_n、T_r和G_s下降幅度,提高F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o,降低F_o水平。由此可见,外源施加适当浓度的ABA能提高幼苗叶片的光合能力,提高PSⅡ反应中心活性,促进物质积累,提高玉米幼苗的耐冷性。同时,外源施加ABA存在一定的浓度效应,即“低促高抑”。本研究所设计浓度范围中15mg/L ABA浓度对光合抑制缓解效果最显著。     

Effect of Defoliants Application on Physiological Characters of Cotton Leaf without Defoliants

[Objective]The aim of this study is to elucidate the physiological mechanism of cotton leaf without defoliant response to thidiazuron (TDZ). [Method] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of defoliants on the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activity, and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant at 1 d, 3 d, 6 d and 10 d after the application of TDZ. Cultivar CCRI-50 was used for this experiment. [Result] TDZ rapidly induced cotton leaf abscission, however, no abscission was detected to the cotton leaf without defoliants. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of cotton leaf without defoliants was reduced by 1 d, 3 d and 6 d after TDZ applied, but rise to the control treated with water level by 10 d. TDZ also caused a significant decline in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), the quantum yield of electron transport (Φ_PSII), the electron transport rate (R_et) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P), but an increase in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP). However, with the same changes as P_n, the chlorophyll fluorescence characters got to the control by 10 d. TDZ application significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity, did not affect the peroxidase activity, decease the malondialdehyde content. Abscisic acid contents in the cotton leaf without defoliant were lower than control by 3 d and 6 d after the applied of TDZ, but have the same level with control at 10 d, and the auxin had a little changes compared with control during the whole period of experimental time. [Conclusion] TDZ application significantly affect the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activity, and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant. When the leaf with defoliant drop off, the physiological characters of cotton leaf without of defoliants recovered to control level, and no abscission were detected.     

糜子/绿豆间作模式下施氮量对绿豆叶片光合特性及产量的影响

探讨施氮量对间作条件下绿豆叶片光合特性、氮素特征及产量的影响,以期为西北旱区糜子//绿豆间作模式的合理施氮提供理论依据。试验于2018-2019年在陕西榆林采用裂区设计,主处理设糜子间作绿豆(PM)、绿豆单作(SM)2种种植模式,副处理设0(N0)、45(N1)、90(N2)和135 kg hm^-2(N3)4个氮肥水平。结果表明,施氮处理下间作绿豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(T_r)比不施氮平均增加10.5%~24.5%、15.2%~29.5%,提高了叶片光合特性;PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSII实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)平均增加2.9%~7.8%、11.7%~28.4%,PSII非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching coefficient,NPQ)降低10.3%~17.4%,叶片叶绿素荧光参数得到改善,对弱光的截获和利用能力提高,叶片PSII反应中心活性增强。单株叶面积、单位干质量叶片氮含量(N_mass)和单位面积氮含量(N_area)均随施氮量增加表现为先升高后降低的趋势;Chl a、Chl b含量增加,光合氮利用效率(photosynthetic N-use efficiency,PNUE)则比不施氮有所降低;不同施氮量均显著增加间作绿豆干物质积累量和荚数,百粒重2年平均分别比不施氮增加1.1%~6.9%,产量增加9.3%~19.7%。2年试验间作各处理土地当量比(land equivalent ratio,LER)为1.63~2.07,表现为间作产量优势。由此可知,施氮可改善间作绿豆叶片光合物质生产能力,延缓衰老,有效调节了光合系统对遮阴的适应性反应,且间作叶片光合性能对氮肥的响应要大于单作。糜子/绿豆间作模式LER大于1,可作为西北旱作农业区推广种植模式,在90 kg hm^?2施氮量下间作绿豆叶片光合特性表现最好,产量最高,LER最大,是其适宜施氮水平。     

中植棉2号抗黄萎病的主基因+多基因遗传特性分析

以感病品种861为父本、抗病品种中植棉2号为母本配制杂交组合,构建6个世代群体(P_1、P_2、F_1、B_1、B_2和F_2),并在田间病圃进行抗病性鉴定,利用主基因￣多基因混合遗传模型的多世代联合分析法研究陆地棉抗黄萎病遗传特性。结果表明,中植棉2号抗性遗传符合E-1遗传模型,即2对加性￣显性￣上位性主基因+加性￣显性多基因遗传模型。2对主基因遗传以显性效应为主,且第2对主基因的显性效应比第1对主基因的显性效应大,多基因遗传以加性效应为主。B_1、B_2和F_2的主基因遗传率分别为68.24%、30.71%和82.09%,多基因遗传率分别为0、24.96%和0,环境方差占总表型方差的17.01%~44.33%。     

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacillus methylotrophicus LH-L3 Antagonist of Cotton Verticillium Wilt

The aim of this study is to obtain endophytic Bacillus with control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The cotton tissue grinding liquid was heated at 80 ℃, and spread onto the Luria-Bertani ager medium. The strains with better inhibitory effects on Verticillium dahliae Vd084, a strain with strong pathogenicity, was identified by the morphology, physiological and biochemical traits as well as 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB sequences, and its control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt was determined by pot experiments. [Result] 61 similar Bacillus strains were isolated from cotton plants. Among them, 17 strains could inhibit Verticillium dahliae Vd084. A strain named LH-L3 with a relatively higher antagonistic activity and a broad inhibition spectrum was obtained in the second screening. LH-L3 was classified into Bacillus methylotrophicus. Compared with the control, the emergence rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight of aerial part and underground part of cotton with 106 mL^－1 LH-L3 suspension drenching for 3 times increased by 42.85%, 10.24%, 23.83%, 10.05% and 97.62%, respectively. And control effect on Verticillium wilt was 85.24%. [Conclusion] LH-L3 had good growth promotion and Verticillium wilt control effects and showed good potential for biological control.     

短季棉花黄萎病田间分布型初步研究

通过对短季棉重病田的研究表明，棉花黄萎病株在田间呈正态分布，对棉株产量影响大的重病株则呈负正态分布，而几乎绝产的枯死病株也呈负二项分布，说明危害棉花产量大的病株在田间呈聚集状态。     

利用光谱红边参数监测黄萎病棉叶叶绿素和氮素含量

以黄萎病胁迫下棉花叶片为试验材料, 分析感染病害棉叶叶绿素(Chl)含量和氮素含量(LNC)与光谱红边参数间的关系, 建立病害棉叶Chl含量和LNC的光谱红边参数诊断模型。结果表明：(1)随着病情加重, 棉叶Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b和LNC逐渐减小, 其中Chl a下降最快, Chl b下降最慢;(2)黄萎病叶片光谱反射率在可见光区(400~700 nm), 近红外光区(700~1300 nm)和短波红外光区(1300~2500 nm)呈现逐渐上升趋势, 在520~680 nm间达极显著(P<0.01);光谱吸收率在可见光区和短波红外光区呈现逐渐下降的趋势, 达极显著(P<0.01), 在近红外光区呈现先升后降的趋势。(3)病害棉叶红边位置(REP)、红边振动幅(Dr)、红谷位置(Lo)、红边深度(Depth672)和红边面积(Area672)的值均减小, 红边宽度(Lwidth)的值增加, 且Area672减小的幅度最大, Dr减小的幅度最小, Lwidth增加的幅度较大;(4)病害棉叶Chl a含量、Chl b含量、Chl a+b含量和LNC均与红边参数REP、Lo、Depth672和Area672呈极显著正相关, 与Lwidth呈极显著负相关, 与Dr未达显著相关;(5)利用红边参数建立的棉叶Chl含量和LNC的诊断模型均达极显著(P<0.01), 其中以Area672为自变量建立的病害棉叶Chl a、Chl a+b和LNC的诊断模型和Lo为自变量建立的Chl b诊断模型的精度最高, 能很好的诊断病害棉叶Chl含量和LNC。     

套作荫蔽对苗期大豆叶片结构和光合荧光特性的影响

间套作系统中荫蔽是影响低位作物生长发育的主要因素。本研究采用玉米-大豆套作种植模式,以南豆12大豆品种为研究对象,设置2个行比配置,即1∶1(A1处理;1行玉米间隔1行大豆,间距50 cm)和2∶2(A2处理;2行玉米间隔2行大豆,玉米和大豆各自的行距均为40 cm,玉米和大豆间距为60 cm),净作大豆为对照(CK),研究玉米和大豆不同行比套作配置下荫蔽对大豆叶片光合荧光特性、解剖结构及超微结构的影响。结果表明,套作处理A1、A2的光合有效辐射(PAR)分别比CK显著降低91.2%、66.8%。叶绿素a含量分别降低50.2%和27.9%,净光合速率分别降低63.2%和37.8%。套作大豆功能叶片荧光参数F_v'/F_m'和F_q'/F_m显著高于净作大豆,而F_v/F_m、qP和NPQ低于净作。对于叶片结构,套作大豆叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度均低于CK,且净作大豆叶片厚度分别是A1和A2处理下的2.15倍和1.69倍;套作大豆叶片的叶绿体结构比较完整,无破碎现象,含淀粉粒稀少,随着荫蔽程度的加重,嗜锇颗粒、基粒片层和基质片层增多,叶绿体减小但其数目增多,而净作大豆叶片叶绿体中淀粉粒较多且色泽亮白,基粒片层和基质片层稀少。因此,玉米-大豆套作种植中不同行比配置导致低位作物大豆冠层光环境差异,直接影响大豆叶片结构特征和光合荧光特性。