Pilot dynamic behavioral evaluation method

Dynamic behavioral evaluation is a hot research topic. In this paper, we take pilot behavioral evaluation for example, and propose a dynamic behavioral evaluation method based on “air-combat average time” + “dominant situation” + “air-combat credibility”. The features of this method are:1)the reasoning from “maneuver” to “maneuver” is introduced, viz., according to the current maneuvers, derive the next maneuver;2)multi-thread simulation is used, viz., each pilot is simulated by a thread, and each thread can conduct flight decision, flight dynamics solution and tactical maneuver, independently;3)weighting air-combat credibility computation formula, viz., in computing the air-combat credibility, the times of “dominant situation” and “equal situation” of each part and their weights are considered. The whole evaluation method is easy to implement; the efficiency of the algorithm is high; and the practicability of the project is strong. The experimental results show the dynamic behavioral evaluation method proposed in this paper is novel and effective.     

一种新的测定刀豆氨酸含量方法的研究

摘要：本实验研究了2,4-二硝基氟苯（DNFB）与刀豆氨酸反应的最佳条件。在pH9.5的硼砂缓冲溶液中,50℃水浴30min,刀豆氨酸与2,4-二硝基氟苯发生显色反应,即形成绿色1：1的稳定络合物。其最大吸收峰在571nm,表观摩尔吸光系数∈ = 1.086×104L ?mol- 1?cm - 1,在13.75-220ug/mL范围内遵守比尔定律,对应线性回归方程为：y=0.0051x+0.0682;相关系数为：R2= 0.9939。加标回收率为96.6 ~101.56%范围之内,相对标准偏差在1.768%之内,从而建立了刀豆氨酸简单、快速测定的新方法。     

Two-component method for crossing self-fertilized crops

Summary The paper presents the method of choosing parents for simple and multiple crossings formularizing the well-known principles i) effective performance of breeding traits in hybrid population and ii) genetic divergence between parents; an original procedure of the integral performance estimation of hybrid population taking into consideration the specific features of a breeding program; an estimation of divergence between parents by way of computing the parentage coefficients. It gives a substantiated computation of the objective heuristic function in the process of assessing various combinations of crossing on the basis of both estimations, the said function offering a quantitative evaluation of the relative perspective efficiency of the hybrid combinations before crossing.     

Face recognition method with local matching

From human cognition, a face recognition method with local matching based on statistical learning is proposed. The image is divided into several subimages and each subimage is considered as a weak classifier. The Adaboost learning algorithm is used to train the weak classifiers and construct a strong classifier. As a result, all subimages are effectively combined together to explore the best discriminating power and improve the classification accuracy. Compared with the holistic matching methods, the local matching method is robust to variations in illumination, expression, and pose, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the face recognition accuracy and is robust to variations in illumination and expression.     

小麦穗行圃建设与管理

小麦穗行圃是小麦三田,即穗行圃、原种田、良种田建设的基础.笔者根据小麦穗行圃生产技术操作规程标准,总结多年建设小麦穗行圃的实践,就建设技术与同行们探讨.     

玉米种子冷检验(COLD TEST)方法

玉米种子冷检验的目的是评估在湿冷条件下玉米种子的潜在发芽能力。1　材料:1.1　规格约为200mm×270mm×100mm、带有盖子的冷冻用塑料硬盒。1.2　未经消毒的混合沙土。混合比例沙∶土为2∶1。土壤须取自种植过玉米的地块。注意不能用施过除草剂的土壤。土壤用1/4英寸(约6mm)的网眼筛子过筛,除去碎石块,然后置于室温下2～3周。取两份建筑用细沙与一份过了筛的土壤充分混合备用。2　步骤2.1　取约550ml体积的沙土混合物放入塑料盒中,铺平,在表面整齐置放100颗玉米种子,置放种子时应轻压,使之与沙土接触良好。然后用混合沙土覆盖种子,厚度约10…     

Local adjustment method for field experiments. 1. The method and its examination by computer simulation

Summary The modification of the nearest neighbour method for using various size plots in field trials has been developed and the results of testing its validity by computer simulation are presented. It was found that the Field-S variant of this method using a square pilot area is the best for fields with a low and medium spatial heterogeneity. The Field-L variant using the least quantity of neighbours, offers advantages for fields with a medium and high spatial effect. The optimal values of the controlling coefficients of these variants were computed to allow for the calculation of the environmental indices over a wide interval of spatial heterogeneity with sufficient accuracy. For this reason, this local adjustment method is recommended as an obligatory statistical procedure for a prior data analysis of any field experiments that have fulfilled the necessary requirements. The original Field and CRBSD programs using the local adjustment method developed have been created for IBM-compatible personal computers.     

Rock classification method for tunnel boring machine

In order to study the geological factors which impact penetrating rate of tunnel boring machine (TBM), this paper uses three-dimensional discrete element model 3DEC to build simulated models on rock fragment by TBM cutter. It analyzes the influence of different geological conditions on TBM penetrating rate and classified the surrounding rock in west route of south-to-north transfer project according to the drill ability of TBM in surrounding rock. The results show that the penetrating rate of TBM is closely related to the mechanical properties of rock and joint conditions in rock mass. In certain extent, TBM penetrating rate will be increased with the decrease of rock strength or closely distributed joints. TBM penetrating rate will be decreased with the increase of rock strength or rarely distributed joint. Another result is that the surrounding rock by TBM penetrating can be divided into three classes based on the drill ability of TBM in surrounding rock, which can guide the TBM penetrating.     

A pricing method of depletable nonrecyclable resources

A pricing method of depletable nonrecyclable resources has been advanced in this paper. Prices of resources, made with the method, can meet the needs of depletable nonrecycclable resources optimum allocation.     

种子工程信息化的措施与方法

针对我国种子工程行业的特点，从管理、经营和科研3个方面分析了信息化的必要性．提出了建立信息化机制的方法与措施，提出了目前我国种子行业管理体制不健全、运营机制不顺畅、科研体系不完善等诸多问题的解决方法。     

A method for drought tolerance screening in sunflower

One difficulty in obtaining drought-tolerant varieties is the unequivocal evaluation of plant response to soil-water deficits. A method is proposed that allows reproducible soil-water deficit treatments to be applied to different sunflower genotypes. Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants were sown in the same pots as but earlier than some sunflower plants in order to rapidly deplete the soil water. This method was compared to a standard method in which plants under evaluation are used to dry out the soil. The method was reproducible in the evaluation of drought tolerance of four sunflower inbred lines. Advantages of the proposed method are that: (i) it allows the desired soil water content to be reached quickly; (ii) the resulting soil water content in the pot is uniform and (iii) the rate of decrease in soil water content is independent of the genotype being evaluated. Data indicate that maize plants had no effect on the growth of sunflower genotypes.     

语谱特征的身份认证向量识别方法

针对采用梅尔频率倒谱系数（mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient，MFCC）作为身份认证向量（identity vector，i-vector）进行说话人识别存在语音信息不全的问题，提出一种基于语谱特征的身份认证向量识别说话人的方法。语音信号经过预加重、分帧加窗预处理之后，通过短时傅立叶变换转换成语谱图，语谱图被提交到高斯通用背景模型，在高维均值超向量空间中选择合适的低维线性子空间流型结构以构造符合正态分布的向量作为身份认证向量。这些获取的身份认证向量经过线性判别性分析实现降维并存储。最后采用对数似然比（log-likelihood ratio，LLR）方法对训练和测试阶段的i-vector进行评分，完成说话人识别。以TIMIT数据库为标准的数值实验结果表明，相比采用MFCC作为特征的识别方法，研究的等错误率（equal error rate，EER）更低。     

An efficient method for assigning traits to chromosomes

Chromosome locations of two allele-specific SCAR (sequencecharacterized amplified region) DNA markers in wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) were found by identifying critical aneuploids obtained by thepollination of haploids. One SCAR, linked to a gene for antibioticresistance to wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin) was onchromosome 2B. The second SCAR, linked to one of three genes for whiteseed color was on 3B. Unemasculated haploids of M11 (resistant & whiteseeded) were pollinated with BW252 (susceptible & a three-genered) yielding about 1 hybrid seed per 4 heads pollinated. Out of 94 seedstested, endosperm DNA of 15 seeds lacked one SCAR or the other,signaling a critical deficiency. These 15 selected seeds gave 9 viable hybridsof which 2 were false negatives. By screening for polymorphicmicrosatellites, informative markers were obtained for all chromosomesexcept 7D. Chromosomes missing from marker negative hybrids wereinferred from monomorphism of chromosome-specific microsatellites plusmeiotic data. Hybrids lacking the midge SCAR lacked 2B from M11 whilehybrids lacking the white SCAR lacked all or part of 3B from M11. Whilesome of the aneuploids were complex, simple monosomics were recoveredfor both 2B and 3B.     

Acetocarmine squash method for observing sugar beet chromosomes

Summary Based on successful results of an acetocarmine squash method for staining chromosomes of many plant species, the method was applied to chromosomes of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). This simple method proved to be applicable to the relatively small chromosomes of sugar beet. Several known disadvantages of acetocarmine staining techniques are overcome by applying acid hydrolysis and maceration. Squashing the stained specimens in 45% acetic acid increases the contrast between stained chromosomes and destained cytoplasm. The advantages of this method are its simple procedure and applicability to both somatic and meiotic chromosomes. Uniform and high quality preparations make detailed analysis possible even with the relatively small chromosomes of sugar beet.Contribution from the Department of Agronomy and published with the approval of the Colorado State University Experiment Station as Scientific Series Paper No. 2334.Supported in part by a Research Grant from the Great Western Sugar Company, Longmont, Colorado.     

A theoretical study of the bulk breeding method

Summary The consequences of sampling losses that occur with the bulk breeding method are studied. The expected extinction rates are computed for various population sizes and various distributions of the number of seeds per plant (multiplication rates), using algebraic formulas in simple cases and computer simulations in more complex ones. Expected extinction rates are always high: they exceed 20 per cent after one generation. If the multiplication rate is not too variable, about 36, 50, 60 and 66 per cent of the lines are lost after 1, 2, 3 and 4 generations of bulk propagation respectively. The expected extinction rate increases almost linearly with the coefficient of variation of the multiplication rate after the first generation of bulk propagation. Random losses only partially add to sampling losses. Their effect is enhanced by a high coefficient of variation of the multiplication rate, but it is more and more reduced as generations advance.The selection resulting from sampling is also studied. It is shown that the response to selection is equal to the response that would be observed in a truncation selection procedure with an intensity equal to the coefficient of variation of the heritable component of the multiplication rate.Abbreviations BK bulk breeding - SSD single seed descent - HD haplodiploidization     

A high-throughput DNA extraction method for barley seed

A non-destructive, quick DNA extraction method for barley seed is described. The method is simple and consists of drilling out a sample from the seed, adding sodium hydroxide, heating in a microwave oven and neutralizing with Tris-HCl. The seed DNA extract can be used directly for PCR with extra cycles added to the PCR programme compared to PCR programmes used for leaf extracts. This protocol was developed in particular for a micro satellite marker genetically linked to barley yellow mosaic virus resistance, but it can be applied toother markers of interest for barley breeding. The quick seed extraction protocol makes it possible to handle thousands of samples per day. Extraction of DNA from seed also facilitates transfer of plant material compared to the long-distance transfer of leaf samples. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于模板的生菜参数化几何建模方法

为了对生菜进行快速三维重构,本文将逆向工程的思想引入到生菜几何建模中来,提出了一种基于参数模板的生菜几何建模方法。借助三维扫描设备构造具有多分辨率的生菜器官模板,分析生菜植株形态结构特征,提取特征参数,进而通过形态参数对模板进行控制,并最终组装成为参数化的生菜几何模型。实验结果表明,该方法可以快速、便捷地重构出具有较高真实感的生菜几何模型,对曲面难以构造的植物器官及植株几何建模具有一定的参考意义。     

一种烟叶病害的图像增强处理方法

烟叶病害是制约烟草质量、品质的重要因素。正确识别烟叶病害,及时防治是烟草生产亟待解决的一个问题。数字图像进行增强处理,可以使图像整体或局部特征能有效地改善。笔者以常见烟叶侵染性病害为对象,选取烟叶野火病的灰度图像分别进行了对比度增强、中值滤波增强以及结合2种方法的共同操作,应用MATLAB语言仿真,结果发现2种技术的结合可以使图像的细节特征更加明显,图像更加平滑,其图像增强效果要好于单独采用其中任意一种方法的处理结果。     

Harmonic detection method analysis based on BP network

A harmonic detect method based on BP network in power system is introduced.It resolves the problem learning of Hidden layer and can be used to detect power system harmonic.For the output of the Fourier form of BP network is equal with the Fourier series,the network is designed to be a SISI system.Hidden layer is composed with Fourier trigonometric functions as activation functions.Gradient descent is adopted to adjust weight.To ensure the convergence of the BP network,learning step η is set according to Lyapunov theorem.Simulation result shows that it improves the convergence speed and the precision of calculation.It acquires the harmonic magnitude and phrase precisely and quickly.     

Hierarchical control method of low voltage looped microgrid

The low voltage (LV) looped microgrid has high reliability of power supply and good accessibility of the DG. The medium voltage distribution network with single loop network and multi sectioned & multi linked is studied to analyze the wiring mode of the LV looped microgrid. A research on the two hierarchical control scheme of the looped microgrid is conducted, and the sub microgrid, which meets island operation requirements, is divided according to their segments. Then the incidence matrix is formed based on the connection relation of different segments and components, and the plan for switching the microgrid operation status is concluded from the reform of incidence matrix on the basis of the judgment of island and reconnection segments. A resynchronization strategy using microgrid central controller is proposed. The MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of different operation status switching and synchronizing, and the results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control method.