黄花菜高产栽培技术要点

1品种选择黄花菜品种较多,根据采收期可分为早熟、中熟和晚熟品种。早熟品种一般5月下旬采收,中熟品种6月上旬采收,晚熟品种6月下旬采收。常见的栽培品种有：猛子花、冲里花和白花等。     

大同市黄花菜产业发展历程、现状及对策

黄花菜是兼具营养价值及药用价值的药食同源花卉食品,山西省大同市云州区是中国黄花菜主产区之一,其主栽品种为大同黄花,产品畅销国内外。分析了大同市黄花菜产业发展历程,介绍了产业现状及大同黄花品种优势,探讨了大同市黄花菜产业可持续发展对策,为挖掘大同黄花品种优势、促进本地资源推广应用、推动大同市黄花菜产业健康快速发展提供参考。     

优异黄花菜品种资源马蔺黄花

庆阳地区栽培黄花菜历史悠久,种质资源丰富,该区生产的黄花菜质量在全国名列前茅,是甘肃省传统的出口产品,1984年被外贸部誉为"蓓蕾牌西北特级金针菜".栽培品种以马蔺黄花质量最佳,栽培面积最大,占总面积的90%以上,是优异的黄花菜品种资源.现将该品种主要特征特性及栽培要点介绍如下.     

从近几年辽宁省区域试验看晚熟玉米品种的选育

本文分析了2018～2021年辽宁省玉米品种(东裕)联合体晚熟区域试验资料,近几年晚熟参试品种数量基本上呈逐年减少趋势,除特殊年份外,晚熟玉米区域试验参试品种产量平均水平略呈上升趋势；通过区域试验能够评价、筛选出一些产量高、稳定性好、适应性强的玉米新品种。产量数据结合农艺性状、抗性鉴定、品质分析等报告结果,初步分析认为,目前辽宁晚熟玉米品种选育的主要方向依然是高产、高抗、优质。提出如下建议：⑴加强晚熟玉米种质资源的引进与创新研究；⑵自交系选育过程中,要加大选择压力,加强抗逆性筛选；⑶注重品种的稳产性和适应性；⑷开展晚熟粮饲兼用型玉米新品种的选育。     

西瓜新品种新优28号

西瓜新品种新优28号是兵团农六师农科所选育的中晚熟西瓜杂交一代新品种，文中叙述了该品种的选育过程、特征特性及其栽培技术要点。     

谷子品种晋谷59号的选育与配套栽培技术

晋谷59号(太选15号)系山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所从晋谷30号×晋谷36号杂交后代中选育出的优质谷子品种,2015年通过全国谷子新品种鉴定并定名,该品种具有高产、稳产、优质、适应性广和抗谷子主要病害等特点,为国家一级优质米。适合在全国范围内无霜期150d以上的西北春谷中晚熟区推广种植。     

马铃薯新品种同薯30号的选育

同薯30号是以Adgna为母本,以K 316-3为父本,通过有性杂交获得实生籽,经过系统定向选育而成的马铃薯新品种。该品种为晚熟品种,生育期110d左右。薯块圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼深浅中等,薯块休眠期中等。块茎干物质含量21.6%,淀粉含量15.1%,维生素C含量16.1mg/100g(FW),粗蛋白含量2.24%,还原糖含量0.21%,商品薯重率为72.5%。2015—2016年参加山西省中晚熟马铃薯组品种区域试验,2年平均产量2 214.69kg/667m^2,比对照晋薯16号增产17.74%,2017年进行了新品种登记。     

北方一作区晚熟品种马铃薯同化特性研究

为明确北方晚熟马铃薯品种的同化特性和产量形成机制，为高产马铃薯品种选育和推广提供理论依据。采用大田种植方法，以中早熟品种‘华渝5号’为对照，测定了6个典型晚熟品种马铃薯的光合指标和生物量积累指标，分析其同化特性、植株发育以及产量形成之间的相关性。结果表明，晚熟品种马铃薯的地上部营养结构在出苗后50 d的盛花期完成70%以上的干物质积累和80%以上的鲜重积累，晚熟品种马铃薯的最终产量与苗期净光合速率、盛花期净光合速率以及盛花期地上鲜重均显著相关。表明晚熟品种马铃薯苗期的同化效率会影响其最终地上部营养结构的总体量，进而对最终产量造成影响。因此高产品种需要在苗期具备较高的同化活性，并且在花期之前尽快建立繁茂的营养结构，才能获得高产。     

谷子新品种长生10号的选育及栽培技术

长生10号是以不育穗材料授以混合父本花粉选育而成的优质高产谷子新品种。2011-2012年参加国家西北区中晚熟组区试试验,平均产量为4833kg/hm²,2012年参加生产示范,平均产量为5074.5kg/hm²,较对照长农35分别增产10.93%,10.8%。适宜在山西省春播中晚熟区,及河北、辽宁等无霜期在150d以上的地区种植。     

抱子甘蓝秋季大棚高效栽培技术

抱子甘蓝,别名芽甘蓝,是十字花科芸薹属甘蓝种2年生草本植物,为甘蓝种中腋芽能形成小叶球的变种。原产于地中海沿岸,以鲜嫩的小叶球为食用部位,在黄淮地区以秋冬季大棚栽培产量最高,品质最好。1品种选择和栽培育苗抱子甘蓝品种有2个类型,早熟品种和晚熟品种,目前市场上常见品种大多从国外进口,荷兰品种栽培较多,如＂探险者＂。早熟品种从定植到采收需90d,晚熟品种需130d以上。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...