阻燃毛竹重组竹地板的阻燃特性

为了克服重组竹地板易燃的缺点,以毛竹竹束、复配阻燃剂、酚醛树脂胶黏剂为原料,进行了阻燃与未阻燃处理重组竹地板的生产性试验研究,并采用锥形量热仪测定了地板的阻燃特性。结果表明,与未阻燃处理重组竹地板相比,阻燃重组竹地板的热释放速率降低22.0%,总热释放量降低24.2%,点燃时间延长33.3%,有效燃烧热和质量损失速率也明显降低,炭生成量明显增加,残炭的形状保持较完整;阻燃重组竹地板中酚醛树脂胶黏剂含量的增加有利于其阻燃性能的提高。     

阻燃无胶高密度蔗渣碎料板的研究

不施加任何胶黏剂,通过添加阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)制造阻燃无胶高密度蔗渣碎料板。探讨APP含量对板材物理力学性能的影响,并利用热重分析和锥形量热分析对阻燃板材进行燃烧性能的表征。结果表明:APP的加入使板材强度有所下降,但板材强度仍能满足室内结构用板的标准要求;APP有效地抑制了蔗渣的受热分解,促进成炭;APP有效抑制了阻燃板燃烧时的热释放和烟释放。     

胶合板用镁质胶黏剂的制备与性能表征

为解决醛系合成树脂胶黏剂甲醛释放、热稳定性差和阻燃效果较差的难题,探讨了一种功能叠加型无机镁质胶黏剂的制备技术,以期替代醛类合成树脂胶黏剂在木材工业上的使用。本研究中镁质胶黏剂的优化配方为n(MgO)/n(MgCl_2)=6,n(H_2O)/n(MgCl_2)=16,胶合板制备工艺为施胶量700 g/m~2(双面),冷压时间28 h,养护时间15 d。试验结果显示,养护天数对镁质胶黏剂制备胶合板胶合强度的影响最显著。当养护天数为3～19 d时,胶合板的干、湿胶合强度均呈现先增大后下降的趋势,13 d时干、湿胶合强度均达到峰值,干、湿胶合强度分别为1.40和1.08 MPa。通过对胶合板剪切破坏界面进行扫描电镜观察发现,镁质胶黏剂渗透到木材孔隙中形成了胶钉,产生了机械咬合结构。利用热重分析仪和锥形量热仪等对镁质胶黏剂的热稳定性和燃烧性能进行了测试,结果表明,镁质胶黏剂在本研究温度范围(30～800℃)内的总质量损失率为48%。在50 k W/m~2的热辐射功率下,镁质胶黏剂制备胶合板的平均热释放速率(HRR)为35.84 k W/m~2,总热释放量(THR)为20.97MJ/m~2。与普通酚醛树脂胶黏剂相比,镁质胶黏剂具有较好的热稳定性和阻燃性能。     

新型酚醛树脂改性大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的研究

以脱脂大豆粉为原料制备大豆蛋白基胶黏剂(豆胶,S),以普通甲醛制备的酚醛树脂(PF_1)和高浓度甲醛制备的酚醛树脂(PF_2)为交联剂,使用前将两者直接混合得酚醛树脂改性豆胶(PF_1/S、PF_2/S)。利用差示扫描量热(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、动态热机械性能(DMA)和核磁共振碳谱(~(13) C NMR)分析对产品性能进行了测试与表征。结果表明:等物质的量之比条件下,高浓度甲醛较之普通甲醛制备的酚醛树脂改性豆胶胶合板干、湿剪切强度分别提高4.3%和11.6%,并且强度稳定性好;动态DSC分析表明,PF_2可以降低豆胶体系的固化温度和活化能,与豆胶的交联反应较容易;~(13) C NMR分析表明,PF_2体系羟甲基达88.73%,明显高于PF_1的80.91%;FT-IR分析证实酚醛树脂与豆胶中的氨基发生反应,并且PF_2反应效率更高;DMA分析表明,PF_2/S能够改善胶合产品的力学性能和热稳定性,降低豆胶的固化反应起始温度,提高固化反应速率。     

中温固化水溶性酚醛树脂胶的研究

研制了一种适合“热进-热出”工艺的中温固化水溶性酚醛树脂,该酚醛树脂是在传统的水溶性酚醛树脂合成工艺的基础上,加入一定量的间苯二酚和尿素制成。它可以在115℃时快速固化,降低了酚醛树脂胶的固化温度,缩短了固化时间。采用该酚醛树脂制造的竹胶板能够满足国标要求。     

竹束、木束浸胶量影响因素分析

以3种状态的竹束和木束为原材料,研究分析在相同条件下,浸渍酚醛树脂胶黏剂固体含量以及浸胶时间对竹束和木束浸胶量的影响。结果表明:相同的条件下,竹束、木束酚醛树脂浸胶量随浸胶时间的增加变化不明显;在相同浸胶时间下,竹束、木束酚醛树脂浸胶量随酚醛树脂胶固体含量的不同而变化显著;确定竹束、木束适宜的浸胶时间和酚醛树脂胶固体含量分别为25 min和30%。     

聚磷酸铵对竹/聚丙烯纤维复合毡增强酚醛树脂基复合材料性能的影响

采用聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂,对竹/聚丙烯纤维复合毡增强酚醛树脂基复合材料进行阻燃改性,研究阻燃剂的添加对复合材料力学、阻燃和导热性能的影响。当复合材料中添加25%APP时,力学性能测试结果表明,该复合材料的静曲强度和内结合强度分别降低了18.49%和62.86%,而隔热效果基本不变。采用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料内部进行表征,结果表明,APP的添加会破坏酚醛树脂的固化能力,导致力学性能的下降。采用锥形量热仪和极限氧指数仪对复合材料的阻燃性能进行分析,结果表明,添加APP后,复合材料的热释放速率和总热释放量分别降低了50.62%和50.82%,而极限氧指数则达到29.7,阻燃性能得到了明显改善。采用导热系数测定仪对阻燃前后复合材料的隔热效果进行表征,结果表明,APP的添加对复合材料保温效果没有影响。     

低分子量改性酚醛树脂对竹层积材剪切强度的影响

采用低分子量酚醛树脂混合常规酚醛树脂,表征了胶黏剂热行为与分子量分布的情况,探讨了不同比例改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂对竹层积材剪切强度的影响.结果表明,低分子量酚醛树脂相比于常规酚醛树脂玻璃化转变温度较低,放热峰也不明显,主导分子量为810,而常规酚醛树脂主导分子量为2 036,小分子酚醛树脂分子量分布更均匀;不同比例低分子量混合酚醛树脂制备的竹层积材,剪切千强度在低分子比例10％时达到最大值,而湿强度随低分子比例增加持续降低,并且炭化竹材剪切强度普遍小于漂白竹材.     

改善热固性树脂装饰层压板阻燃性能的研究

为了改善热固性树脂装饰层压板(HPL)的阻燃性能,采用有机磷化合物作为阻燃剂,对HPL底层纸浸渍用酚醛树脂胶进行了改性处理,研究了阻燃剂类型和用量的影响.结果表明:有机磷化合物作为反应型阻燃剂的效果略好.作为添加型阻燃剂时,增加其用量能显著提高装饰板的阻燃性能;当用量大于7%时,装饰板的阻燃性能可达到极难燃级.     

胶合板用硅镁系环保无机胶黏剂制备与阻燃性能研究

以硅酸钠、硅酸铝、氧化镁和硅烷偶联剂为原料,制备胶合板用硅镁系硅酸盐无机胶黏剂。采用单因素试验和正交试验考察了主要成分用量对胶黏剂的胶合性能的影响,并采用锥形量热分析技术和热重法分别测试其阻燃抑烟性能以及耐热性能。结果表明,当硅酸钠的质量分数为92.5%,硅酸铝的质量分数为4.7%,氧化镁的质量分数为2.8%,硅烷偶联剂的百分比含量为0.6%(相对于硅酸钠的质量而言)时,改性胶黏剂的综合性能最好,其胶合强度达到0.85MPa,阻燃抑烟性能效果显著,热释放总量和热释放速率明显降低。     

竹质材料阻燃技术研究

竹质材料作为一种广泛应用的易燃材料,阻燃处理可以增强其耐火性能。文中概述了竹质材料的易燃特性和燃烧机理,总结了浸注法、表面涂覆法、化学改性法等阻燃剂处理的常用工艺,综述了磷氮系阻燃剂、磷氮硼复合系阻燃剂、树脂阻燃剂和金属氢氧化物阻燃剂的阻燃特点,并展望了竹质材料的阻燃研究方向,以期为未来竹质材料的阻燃改性研究提供参考。     

阻燃处理米槠热分解的热动力学分析

将硼酸、硼砂混和制成均匀的阻燃剂,并以脲醛预缩液为载体,用于处理试材,并采用TG和DTA方法来分析经处理与未经处理的米槠热解时的热动力学特性,结果表明该阻燃体系能使米槠的热解温度降低,平均热解失重率降低、失重过程变缓,产炭量增加、在炭化阶段的失重变小。     

刨花板阻燃酚醛树脂胶及其制板工艺

研制了一种刨花板用阻燃酚醛树脂胶 ,并对制板工艺进行了优化。经测定 ,制成的刨花板的物理力学性能达到刨花板国家标准 GB/ T4 897- 92中 A类板优等品的性能指标要求 ;氧指数值达到热固性树脂装饰层压板标准 GB7911.6 -87规定的要求 (>37)     

Fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of an intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood

An intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood (C) was synthesized and its fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties were investigated. The main film-builder of C was urea-formaldehyde resin blended with polyvinyl acetate resin. The intumescent fire-retardant system of C consisted of guanylurea phosphate (GUP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL). Specimens of plywood painted, respectively, with a commercial intumescent fire-retardant coating (A), a synthesized coating (C), and the main film-builder of coating C (B), as well as an unpainted plywood (S-JHB), were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE). The results show a marked decrease in the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR), an increased mass of residual char (Mass), a marked postponement in time to ignition (TTI) and a reduced carbon monoxide production rate (P _CO). The smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the plywood painted with coating C were observed with the CONE test. The overall fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of the synthesized coating C was much better than that of the commercial coating A. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results of coating C and its film-builder B indicated that the thermal degradation process of B was slowed down by the addition of the intumescent fire-retardant system; the increase in the amount of charring of coating C was considerable. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(12): 117–121 [译自: 林业科学]     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

气相色谱—质谱法测定阻燃人造板中多溴联苯醚

建立气相色谱-质谱法测定阻燃人造板中的多溴联苯醚。样品经粉碎后,采用甲苯超声提取,提取液经硅胶净化后,用配有EI源的气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定。结果表明,本方法检出限为3 mg/kg,回收率为91.7%,相对标准偏差为7.79%。该方法灵敏度、准确度、精密度高,适用于阻燃人造板中多溴联苯醚的分析检测。     

阻燃处理和制板工艺对阻燃刨花板性能的影响

研究了施加阻燃剂刨花的干燥温度对板的氧指数的影响;有机阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂的添加量对刨花板阻燃性和物理力学性能的影响,以及热压工艺对刨花板阻燃性和物理力学性能的影响。     

Curing kinetics of phenol formaldehyde resin and wood-resin interactions in the presence of wood substrates

The curing kinetics of resol PF resin and resin–wood interactions in the presence of wood substrates have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The activation energy of cure of PF resin generally increases when PF resin is mixed with wood, mainly due to the decrease of the pH values resulting from the presence of wood. However, wood decreases the curing enthalpy of PF resin through diffusion and the change in the phase of the curing system, which suggests that the curing reactions reached a lower final degree of conversion for the mixtures of PF resin with wood than for the PF resin alone. Moreover, DSC curves and the variation of activation energy with conversion indicate that wood accelerates the addition reactions and retards condensation ones during the curing process of PF resin with wood. The study also revealed that almost no chemical reactions occur between PF resin and wood, but the secondary force interactions of hydroxyl groups between PF resin and wood have been detected. These most significant secondary forces can catalyze the self-condensation reactions of PF resin, although their effect is not vital on the curing kinetics of PF resin.     

木材阻燃耐久性研究

研究了ＰＮＢ阻燃体系的阻燃耐久性问题。研究结果,试件在流动水中浸泡一天失重率为未浸泡前的７倍,有焰燃烧时间和无焰燃烧时间由零增加到１８０ｓ和６５０ｓ,损毁长度率为１００％,与未经阻燃处理的试件相同。利用脲醛预缩液与ＰＮＢ混合浸注木材,干燥处理后,在流动水中浸泡７嵦欤е芈始负趺挥斜浠醒嫒忌帐奔浜臀扪嫒忌帐奔浔３治悖鸹俪ざ嚷事杂性黾印Ｋ得麟迦┰に跻憾蕴岣咦枞继逑档目沽魇杂幸欢ㄗ饔茫瑣从而提高了木材阻燃的耐久性。     

阻燃木质材料的测试分析技术

通过对阻燃木质材料测试方法的简介，综合论述了阻燃木质材料的近代测试分析技术。