80%胺鲜酯·甲哌鎓可溶粉剂对棉花生长及产量的影响

 2年的试验结果表明,80%胺鲜酯·甲哌鎓对棉花生长发育具有较好的调控作用,田间按照有效成分66～72 g·hm^-2使用后,不仅能有效控制棉花株高和果枝节间长度,使棉花株型紧凑,提高田间光合作用,还有利于提高棉花的结铃性,减少蕾铃脱落,增产效果明显。     

80%烯啶·吡蚜酮水分散粒剂防治棉花蚜虫药效

为探究80%（质量分数,下同）烯啶·吡蚜酮水分散粒剂对棉蚜的杀虫效果,采用喷雾法进行了田间药效试验。结果表明：80%烯啶·吡蚜酮水分散粒剂对棉蚜具有良好的速效性,3个剂量处理药后3 d的校正防效均在87%以上,显著高于对照药剂25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂2 500倍液（每666.7 m²用量24 mL）;持效期长,药后14 d的校正防效均在94%以上,其中每666.7 m²用量30～40 g时校正防效高达97.60%～99.11%。因此,在生产中应用80%烯啶·吡蚜酮水分散粒剂防治棉蚜的推荐用量为每666.7 m² 30～40 g。     

无人机喷施噻苯隆·敌草隆对棉花的脱叶催熟效果

为评价无人机喷施棉花脱叶剂的效果，利用3WQF120-12型植保无人机在棉田开展了噻苯隆·敌草隆悬浮剂与不同用量的乙烯利水剂及烷基乙基磺酸盐助剂混合喷雾试验。结果表明，无人机喷施135 g·hm－2 噻苯隆·敌草隆时，添加乙烯利和助剂的处理对棉花的脱叶药效和吐絮药效显著高于单剂处理，其中噻苯隆·敌草隆135 g·hm－2、乙烯利1 200 g·hm－2和助剂900 g·hm－2混合喷施，对棉花的脱叶及催熟效果最好。     

湖北抗虫杂交棉高产栽培优化组合模式研究

 采用五因素五水平旋转组合设计,在湖北省三大生态棉区开展试验,通过模拟选优,筛选出不同生态区高产优化组合,并在全省7个点对优化组合进行了验证,与传统栽培比较,优化组合密度增加6660株·hm^-2,肥料和缩节胺物化投入节省1041.30元·hm^-2,子棉增加1099.65 kg·hm^-2,产值增加6597.9元·hm^-2,合计节本增效7639.2元·hm^-2。示范结果验证了优化组合的可靠性和实用性。     

几种新型杀虫剂对棉盲蝽的防治效果

 研究了6种杀虫剂对棉盲蝽的田间防治效果。结果表明：50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂（WDG）按照75 g·hm^-2（有效成分）、20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂（SG）按照60 g·hm^-2和40%稻丰散·高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油（EC）按照450 g·hm^-2使用后,综合防效较好,不仅速效性快,而且持效期较长,优于常用杀虫剂97%乙酰甲胺磷WDG、45%马拉硫磷EC和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC。由于50%氟啶虫胺腈WDG、20%呋虫胺SG和40%稻丰散·高效氯氟氰菊酯EC均具有高效低毒安全等特点,对环境影响小,可作为综合防治棉盲蝽的理想药剂。     

60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG对南疆陆地棉的防病促生长作用

为探究60%（质量分数,下同）吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂（Wettable granule,WG）对棉花枯黄萎病的防效及其促生长增产作用,在阿拉尔选择棉花枯黄萎病发生田进行叶面喷雾试验。结果表明,60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG 1 080 g·hm^－2对棉花枯萎病防效达62.84%,显著高于80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 200 g·hm^－2与250 g·L^－1吡唑醚菌酯乳油135 g·hm^－2处理,对棉花黄萎病防效可达35.56%,明显优于其他药剂。60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG对棉花具有明显的促进生长作用,可增加棉花单株花数和铃数,防止早衰,提高产量。60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG可用于防治棉花枯萎病和黄萎病,并具有促生长增产作用。     

移栽密度对南抗9号无土苗生长发育及产量的影响

 以南抗9号为材料,探讨了不同移栽密度对棉花无土苗生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：在1.8万~3.6万株·hm^-2范围无土苗群体总蕾数、现蕾强度、成铃数及成铃强度均随着密度的增加而增加。在2.4万株· hm^-2时,子棉产量最高,达到4284 kg· hm^-2。     

凯丰16在黄河中游滩地适宜的种植密度研究

 为研究凯丰16在黄河滩地适宜的种植密度，进行了4个密度水平（分别为3.75万、4.50万、5.25万和6.00万株·hm^-2）的试验。结果表明，在土壤质地偏沙/肥力较低的黄河滩地，凯丰16在保留叶枝的条件下，适宜的种植密度为5.25万~6.00万株·hm^-2，其皮棉产量比3.75万和4.50万株·hm^-2密度显著增加。     

冀中植棉区鲁棉研28适宜种植密度研究

 研究了冀中植棉区鲁棉研28不同种植密度对棉花农艺性状和产量性状的影响。结果表明：在1.5万～8.7万株·hm^-2密度范围内,随密度的增加,棉花株高增加,单株果枝数减少,单株成铃数显著降低,铃重下降;密度对衣分的影响相对较小。综合3年试验结果,冀中植棉区棉花适宜种植密度为5.1万～8.7万株·hm^-2。     

20%氨氯·二氯·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草的效果

     为明确新型吡啶类和环己烯酮类除草剂复配制剂对油菜田杂草的防控效果，指导新型除草剂在油菜田的合理使用，通过田间试验研究了20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂对油菜田主要杂草的防除效果，以及杂草防除后对田间光照和杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。试验结果表明，施用20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草效果显著，对菵草、大巢菜、看麦娘、牛繁缕等单双子叶杂草均有良好防效，总草鲜重防效可达88.7%～98.0%，显著优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后，显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗，有效地改善了田间光照和水肥条件。20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂处理的油菜产量达到2 626.26～2 836.26 kg/hm2，增产效果显著，产量较空白对照增加18.2%～27.9%，增收2 173.5～3 307.5元/hm2。研究结果表明，20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂在油菜田有良好的应用前景，推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分225～300g。     

Preparation and application of an<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-triazine-based novel<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-halamine biocide for antimicrobial fibers

N-halamines serve as important antimicrobial agents. Development of this class of compounds has been shown to provide benefits especially from a biocidal point of view. A novels-triazine-basedN-heterocycle, dichloro-m-aminophenyl-hydantoinyl-s-triazine (DAPHT), which could be rendered antimicrobial through exposure to diluted chlorine bleach, was synthesized and characterized by¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, and FT-IR. A finishing method was used to apply theN-halamine precursor onto cotton fabric, and the optimum conditions for finishing were investigated. The DAPHT-treated cotton fabric had durable antimicrobial properties up to 50 standard washing cycles and was rechargeable under normal laundry/bleaching conditions. The antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated.     

Structure and performance of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori</Emphasis> silk modified with nano-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and chitosan

Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk was modified with the nano-TiO₂ and chitosan dispersion system by the crosslinking reactions of citric acid (CA) and maleic anhydride (MA). The average size of the nano-TiO₂ particles in the aqueous dispersion system was 36.7 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the nano-TiO₂ particles were spherical and homogeneously dispersed in the dispersion system, and the surface ofB. mori silk fiber treated with the nano-TiO₂ and chitosan dispersion system was rougher than that of the untreated one. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry indicated that the crystallinity of theB. mori silk fiber increased after treatment. It was also found that the nano-TiO₂ and chitosan contributed to significantly enhance the mechanical properties including breaking strength, breaking elongation, initial modulus, rupture work, and elastic recovery property of theB. mori silk fiber. The wrinkle-resistant performance of the treatedB. mori silk fabrics was also greatly improved.     

Launching the &quot;<Emphasis Type="Italic">Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration</Emphasis>&quot;

The Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration was created to provide, for the first time, a unified forum to consider all factors that affect scientific practice and scientific discovery – with an emphasis on the changing face of contemporary biomedical science. In this endeavor we are bringing together three different groups of scholars: a) laboratory investigators, who make the discoveries that are the currency of the scientific enterprise; b) computer science and informatics investigators, who devise tools for data analysis, mining, visualization and integration; and c) social scientists, including sociologists, historians, and philosophers, who study scientific practice, collaboration, and information needs. We will publish original research articles, case studies, focus pieces, reviews, and software articles. All articles in the Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration will be peer reviewed, published immediately upon acceptance, freely available online via open access, and archived in PubMed Central and other international full-text repositories.     

Fabrication and characterization of nano Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> filled PVA:NH<Subscript>4</Subscript>SCN electrolyte nanofibers by electrospinning

Present paper reports a method of preparing polymer composite electrolyte nanofiber mat using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ammonium thiocynate (NH₄SCN) salt, and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nano particles based on electrospinning technique. Two-stage process of preparation of nanofibers, namely, preparation of nano particles filled PVA electrolyte gel solution followed by its electrospinning has been used. The so obtained nanofibers have been characterized by XRD, DSC, SEM, and Conductivity measurements. XRD patterns affirm the formation of nanocomposite while SEM pictures reveal formation of fibers on a nano scale format (300–800 nm). Fibers of the electrolytes are seen to be thermally stable. Ionic conductivity of electrolyte fiber is seen to improve in the presence of nano filler at room temperature with a maximum at 5.31×10⁻³ Scm⁻¹ for 4 wt% filler concentration, which is comparable to that for corresponding dried gel electrolyte films.     

Ladder-Structured Polysilsesquioxane/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Nanocomposites for Transparent Wear-Resistant Windows

As a protective layer for deformable displays, we synthesized ladder-type polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQs) containing cyclic epoxy as a curable unit. The mechanical properties after photo- and thermal-curing of LPSQs with a small amount of added Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were compared with those of the pure LPSQs. The prepared LPSQ-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites and the pure LPSQs exhibited comparable optical transparencies and thermal stabilities. In addition, the degree of conversion of the applied epoxy units in LPSQs and the resulting mechanical properties, as monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nanoindentation tests, indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to LPSQs moderately enhanced the epoxy conversion rate and remarkably improved the wear resistance, including hardness, after photo-/thermal-curing processes. The LPSQ-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites achieved higher wear resistance than epoxy-silica nanocomposites containing similar curable functional groups and reinforcing fillers (silica). The excellent mechanical properties of the LPSQ-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites could be attributed to three-dimensionally interconnected networks of organic-inorganic hybrid-type chemical structures in the LPSQ as well as additional reinforcement from amine-functionalized Al₂O₃ nanoparticles covalently interconnected with the LPSQ. We believe that the devised LPSQ-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites could serve effectively as a wear-resistant platform for deformable display windows.     

基于RNA-seq技术开发中间偃麦草基因组特异分子标记

中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium,2n=6x=42,JJJSJSStSt或Ee Ee EbEbStSt)是小麦遗传改良的重要近缘植物,高抗锈病、白粉病等病害,耐逆性强。开发中间偃麦草基因组特异分子标记对于加快其优异基因向普通小麦中的转移和利用具有重要意义。为建立快速准确开发中间偃麦草基因组特异分子标记的新体系,首先利用RNA-seq技术对中间偃麦草及其基因组供体二倍体长穗偃麦草、百萨偃麦草、假鹅观草的苗期叶片进行转录组测序,然后根据测序结果设计EST-SSR引物,对普通小麦、中间偃麦草及其基因组供体材料进行DNA扩增分析,从中筛选鉴定中间偃麦草基因组特异标记。结果表明,在所合成的200对ESTSSR引物中,有75对引物(37.5%)在中间偃麦草、二倍体长穗偃麦草、百萨偃麦草和假鹅观草中具有特异扩增,引物多态率较高。说明利用RNA-seq技术开发EST-SSR引物可以高效地用于筛选中间偃麦草基因组特异分子标记,这一技术体系也可应用于其他作物及其近缘物种的特异分子标记开发。     

New Synthetic Glucosyl-Curcuminoids,and their <Superscript>1</Superscript>H and <Superscript>13</Superscript>C NMR Characterization,from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Curcuma longa</Emphasis> L.

Turmeric extracts, among which curcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin, are by far known for their therapeutic activities. In this study we propose easy and low cost synthetic pathways in order to obtain glucosyl-curcuminoids, safe and water soluble potential drugs and dyes, which may be implied in different fields ranging from pharmacology to food chemistry. The complete ¹H and ¹³C NMR characterization of naturally occurring curcumin, bis-demethoxycurcumin and new synthetic glucosyl-curcuminoids is reported.     

Polyacrylonitrile/electroconductive TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles composite fibers <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> wet-spinning

For the first time, novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/electroconductive TiO₂ (EC-TiO₂) nanoparticles composite fibers have been successfully spun via wet-spinning. The composite fibers had uniform diameter and homogeneous surface. Moreover, at low content of EC-TiO₂ nanoparticles, the composite fibers realized a transition from an insulator to a conductor. This work has provided a simple and effective avenue for the production of PAN/EC-TiO₂ nanoparticles composite fibers that have great potential applications in the antistatic textiles.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">In vivo</Emphasis> Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coptis chinensis</Emphasis> Inflorescence

The inflorescence of cultivated Coptis chinensis has been valued for tea production for many years in China. The antioxidant activities of C. chinensis inflorescence extracts prepared by various solvents were investigated by using several established in vitro systems: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging assays, reducing power assay, and ferrothiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The results showed that the 70% ethanol extract (EE) had the strongest antioxidant activity in vitro among the various extracts. Based on the in vitro results, EE was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of C. chinensis inflorescence in vivo. The liver and kidney of intoxicated animals showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level showed a significant increase. These changes were significantly reversed after treatment with EE and the standard vitamin E. Thus, the C. chinensis inflorescence may be a valuable natural source that can be applicable to food industries.