冷冻处理对日本柳杉边材炭化的影响

将冷冻处理前后的日本柳杉边材在 4 0 0℃下进行炭化 ,得到了木醋液、木焦油和木炭。与没有处理相比 ,虽然处理过边材的木焦油的收率几乎不变 ,木醋液的收率显示增加倾向 ,但是木炭的收率有减少迹象。用毛细管气相色谱法对得到的木醋液中的 11种成分进行了定量分析。与无处理相比较后 ,发现处理过边材木醋液中的甲醇、脂肪酸及糠醛 (呋喃甲醛 )的收量有了变化 ,但是 5 -羟甲基糠醛、麦芽酚、苯酚、邻苯二酚及愈创苯酚的收量几乎没有变化。     

木醋液在日本农林业上的应用

木醋液是水溶性的液体混和物,它在木材热解时产生;在木炭生产中能够容易得到大量的木醋液。19世纪末,木醋液主要作为生产醋酸、甲醇的原料;随着化学合成工业的发展,它逐渐被廉价且纯度高的合成产品所取代;目前,在世界各地几乎没有利用它。     

纳米氧化铜木材防腐剂的防腐性能和抗流失性研究

以大青杨为试材,进行室内木材防腐试验和实验室水流失试验,研究纳米氧化铜木材防腐剂效果和抗流失性能.研究结果表明:经过纳米氧化铜防腐剂处理后,大青杨试样耐腐能力大大提高,失重率明显减少,当药剂浓度为1.6％时已经达到强耐腐等级.该防腐剂的耐褐腐能力与耐白腐能力相比稍差.不同浓度防腐剂处理后,大青杨试样中防腐剂的保持量随防腐剂浓度的增加而增加.另外,纳米氧化铜防腐剂具有很好的抗流失性能.     

碱性亚硫酸盐法脱木素工艺参数对巴沙木性能影响的研究

脱木素处理是开发功能性木质复合材料常用的工艺方法,木质素的去除改变了处理材的物理力学性能,进而对制备的复合材料产生影响。研究考查了碱性亚硫酸盐法脱除巴沙木木质素过程中,溶液浓度和处理时间对巴沙木质量损失、接触角、色差以及比表面积的影响。通过建立工艺参数与处理材物理力学性能之间关系,为功能性木质复合材料的预处理工艺提供理论依据。结果表明:相比未处理材,脱木素处理材质量损失率随溶液浓度和处理时间的增加而增加;颜色偏向明亮黄绿色,颜色变化与工艺参数没有显著关系;处理材亲水性显著提高,与工艺参数无关;处理材的宏观比表面积与未处理材相比略有降低。     

柞树木醋液酚类物质的组分分析

采用常规方法测定了柞树木醋液的基本参数，所得木醋液为黑褐色且带有烟焦味，pH值4.06，有机酸含量（以醋酸计）5.20％，密度（20℃）1．0260g／cm^3，木炭粉吸附法精制得率90.7％。采用分配法将柞树木醋液系统地划分为酸性物、酚类物和中性物，并利用GC—MS联用仪对酚类物进行了组分分析。结果表明，酚类物中的主要组分是苯酚3．60％、2-甲基苯酚1．20％、1，2,3-三甲氧基苯12．82％、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚34．41％和4,6-二（1，1-二甲基乙基）-2-甲基-苯酚35．97％。该分析对柞树木醋液产品品质基准的制订具有重要意义。     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大.     

醋酸水溶液处理对杉树材影响

为了研究醋酸水溶液处理给杉树材重量带来的变化,使用醋酸水溶液对杉树材进行了处理。结果发现处理后杉树材重量的减小量大约等于抽出物的重量,而且随着醋酸水溶液浓度的增加而增加。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对处理后的杉树材及抽出物进行了光谱分析。从处理后杉树材的光谱图可以观察到3400cm-1附近的OH伸缩振动及1510cm-1附近的木质素中苯环C=C伸缩振动的吸收强度有增加倾向。从醋酸水溶液抽出物光谱图可以发现用浓度30%醋酸水溶液处理时木质素被溶出。图2表2参6。     

FRW阻燃刨切薄竹的阻燃特性

采用FRW阻燃剂对刨切薄竹进行阻燃处理,用锥形量热仪(CONE)测定不同载药率下处理材与未处理材的阻燃性能。结果表明:在25kW·m-2的热辐射功率下,刨切薄竹经FRW阻燃处理后,热释放速率、总热释放量和总烟释放量随着载药率的增大而减小,处理材在燃烧过程中不会出现较高火焰的燃烧过程;处理材与未处理材相比,点燃时间延长,残余物质量增加;FRW阻燃处理刨切薄竹的阻燃和抑烟效果明显。     

水分胁迫对日本柳杉种子萌芽的影响

本文采用配置不同浓度的PEG(聚乙二醇)溶液来模拟土壤自然水势，对日本柳杉种子萌芽实验进行人工水分胁迫处理。结果表明：随着水势的下降，其发芽率在轻度水分胁迫下有所上升，然后降低，随PEG浓度上升到15％时，发芽率、发芽速度、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长等都出现不同程度的降低。而当PEG浓度上升到25％时，则上述指标均受到强烈抑制。结果表明，日本柳杉在轻度干旱胁迫时，具有一定的耐旱性。     

饱和蒸汽热处理工艺对毛竹材理化性能及防霉性能的影响北大核心

采用热处理温度为140、160、180℃,热处理时间为20、25、30 min的饱和蒸汽热对毛竹材进行高温改性处理,分析了不同热处理工艺对毛竹材化学成分、结晶度和力学性能的影响,对比了不同热处理工艺条件下毛竹材的防霉效果。结果表明:1)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材中化学成分变化不大。当热处理温度在160℃以上时,竹材中半纤维素和纤维素的含量随热处理时间增加而减少,木质素相对含量呈上升趋势;2)热处理温度和时间都对竹材样品的结晶度有积极的影响;3)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度均比未处理时增加。随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度下降,力学性能呈下降趋势。在180℃处理30 min后,处理材的弹性模量和静曲强度较未处理材降低23.15%和19.00%;4)饱和蒸汽热处理竹材的防霉能力与未处理材相比均有提高;热处理温度对竹材的防霉性能的影响大于热处理时间;经180℃处理30 min的竹材其霉变速度最慢,防霉效果最好。     

柳杉木材边材木醋液中的成分研究

用毛细管气相色谱法对日本柳杉木材边材炭化得到的木醋液中的37种成分进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,醇类、酮类、羧酸类、呋喃类、苯酚类及愈创苯酚类是其主要成分.用溶剂萃取-硅胶柱层析法进一步分离处理木醋液,纯化出炭化过程中产生的手性脱水内醚糖-左旋葡聚糖(LGA,1,6-脱水-β-D-葡萄糖),但其不能被毛细管气相色谱法检...     

Treatment of sugi （Cryptomeria japonica D.） sapwood with aqueous solution of acetic acid

Sugi sapwood samples were processed with aqueous solution of acetic acid in order to find the response of the weight of sugi sapwood and the treatment of aqueous solution of acetic acid. The result showed that loss of weight for the treated sugisapwood was about equal to yield of extracts from sugi sapwood, and increased with the increment of the concentration of aqueous solution of acetic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra changes of the treated sugi wood and extracts from sugi sapwood were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopic technique. Increasing tendency of absorption intensities of the stretching vibration at 3 400 cm^-1 of hydroxyl group (OH) and C=C in lignin stretching vibration at 1510 cm^-1 of benzene ring inlignin were observed from FT-IR of the treated sugi sapwood. From FT-IR spectra of extracts from sugi sapwood by aqueoussolution of acetic acid, the dissolution of lignin was observed during the treatment with 30% acetic acid solution aqueous.     

Chemical changes in terpenes of sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) wood during steam drying in kiln at high temperature

Sawdusts of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood prepared before and after steam drying at 120°C in a kiln were extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to give n-hexane extracts and ethyl acetate extracts. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extracts from woods before and after steam drying, the components of 4-epi-cubebol, cubebol, and 2,7(14),10-bis-abolatrien-1-ol-4-one, which existed in the raw sugi wood, were proved to disappear in the steam-dried wood. These components were also absent in the ethyl acetate extract of the steam-condensed solution of waste steam from the kiln outlet. When these three components were treated with 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid solution at 120°C, δ-cadinene was produced as a major product from both 4-epi-cubebol and cubebol by dehydration and cleavage of the cyclopropane ring, and cryptomerone from 2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one by hydration. The chemical changes of the three components presumably occur during steam drying of the sugi wood. This study was presented in part at the 85th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kanagawa, Japan, March 26–29, 2005     

Adsorption of mercury by sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C

The ability of sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C to adsorb mercury was examined using aqueous solutions of mercuric chloride. Parameters studied include contact time, pH, adsorption temperature, and initial concentration of mercury in solution. Results showed that sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C could effectively remove mercury from aqueous solutions. The carbonized wood showed high adsorption ability for mercury at a wide pH range (pH 3–9), but its ability drastically decreased at pH 11. Adsorption decreased with increases in adsorption temperatures, indicating that the processes were exothermic in nature. Adsorption was found to follow the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of carbonized sugi wood was comparable to that of commercial activated carbon.     

氢氧化钠预处理对木材漂白促进作用的研究

用ＮａＯＨ的稀溶液处理泡桐木材,观察桐木渗透性、木材颜色的变化不碱液对泡桐木材漂泊白效果的促进作用进行了研究。结果表明ＮａＯＨ稀溶液对木材颜色没有明显损害作用,能显著提高桐木的渗透性,促进木材漂白效果。泡桐木材经过２ｄ的０．３％ＮａＯＨ稀溶液预处理,再经２％的硫代硫酸钠漂白处理３ｄ,半年老化后测色,桐木表面和内部的白有度比未处理材显著提高,色差显著降低。     

杨木／无机硅化物复合材处理工艺初探

用硅酸单体溶液（SAMS）处理及用硅酸钠-三氧化二硼-乙酸复合处理改性文县杨（Populus wenxianesis)，制备杨木/无机硅化物复合材（WIC）。结果表明，在所选择的工艺条件下，SAMS处理的杨木WIC具有很好的尺寸稳定性和抗流失性，复合处理的杨木WIC的阻燃性能和防腐性能有了明显提高。     

Pilot Study to Examine Radial Variation in Annual Ring Width, Density and Shrinkage

The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig     

酚醛树脂处理杨木、杉木尺寸稳定性分析

采用酚醛树脂浸渍处理人工林杨木、杉木,然后通过热压定型工艺制得表面密实化木材。对其尺寸稳定性的分析结果表明:处理试材的增重率、抗胀率和阻湿率随树脂浓度的增加而成比例增大,弦向和径向干缩率明显降低,在树脂浓度较低时变化较大,当达到一定量时变化趋于稳定。就压缩变形恢复率而言,当树脂浓度超过10%,压缩变形恢复率很小,说明表面密实化木材的压缩变形几乎被固定。