新疆黄烛衣科地衣分类学研究初探

通过对隶属于新疆黄烛衣科(Candelariaceae)黄烛衣属(Candelaria)和黄茶渍属(Candelariella)的地衣进行分类学研究,初步调查了新疆黄烛衣科地衣物种多样性,使用形态解剖观察和化学检测法鉴定黄烛衣科地衣,报道了黄烛衣属的1个种和黄茶渍属的6个种,其中包括3个新疆新记录种,分别为:帆黄茶渍Candelariella antennaria Rsnen(1939年)、甘肃黄茶渍C.kansuensis H.Magn(1940年)及蛋黄茶渍C.vitellina(Hoffm.)Müll.Arg.(1984年)。对3个新疆新记录种的形态学、解剖学、化学和地理分布进行了描述和讨论,并提供了形态解剖学彩色照片(地衣体、子囊盘、子囊、子囊孢子及侧丝等)和常见种的形态图片。在形态解剖学特征分析的基础上,编制了新疆黄烛衣科地衣分属分种检索表。     

杀虫剂新产品田间药效试验评价概述

本文梳理了2015年~2017年开展田间小区药效试验的18个含新有效成分的杀虫剂产品,其中双酰胺类6个、新烟碱类3个、介离子类2个、杀螞剂3个、其它类型4个。在9大类作物的14种害虫上进行了田间药效试验,本文归纳了上述新杀虫剂有效成分的作用机理及田间药效试验情况。     

小蠹虫及其检疫

小蠹虫是小蠹科的一类昆虫的总称。已知有3000种,分布于全世界。我国估计有500种以上,其中已记述的有150余种。大部分小蠹虫是林木为害性最强的种类。有的可以直接酿成林木的严重损失,如云杉小蠹 Dend-roctonus engelmanni Hopkins 在1939～1953年间为害美国科罗拉多的云杉,损失高达11.25百万立方米。有的是病原菌的传播者,如欧洲榆小蠹 Scolytus multistriatus(Marsham)等,导致榆枯萎病 Ceratocystisulmi(Schwarz)Moreau 的流行,蔓延,     

中国柄腹姬小蜂属Pediobius Walker及六个新种的描述(膜翅目:姬小蜂科)

1987年廖定熹曾描述了3个新种:星毛虫柄腹姬小蜂P.illiberidis;长距茧蜂姬小蜂P.yunanensis和松梢螟姬小蜂P.songshaominus。本文共描述17种,其中6个新种,6个中国新纪录种和1个江西新纪录种,它     

中南美洲5种犀天牛的检疫鉴定

黄埔口岸近年来从中南美洲进境木材中截获了大量天牛。本文介绍其中犀天牛族(Rhinotragini)新截获的3属5种:扁腿锥鞘天牛(Acyphoderes carinicollis Bates,1873)、安博罗锥鞘天牛(A.amboroensis Clarke,2013)、虎蜂鳞鞘天牛(Tomopterus aurantiacosignatus Zajciw,1969)、粗刻鳞鞘天牛(T.grossefoveo鄄latus Zajciw,1964)和伪短嘴天牛(Pseudacorethra zischkai(Tippmann,1960))。附有此5种的形态特征图,并编制了我国口岸有截获记录的10种犀天牛及锥鞘天牛属中南美洲常见的3个相似种的鉴定检索表,以便于口岸对截获的有害生物鉴定时参考。     

我国植物病毒病介体昆虫研究的进展

自1939年我国开始报道蚜虫传播蚕豆病毒病以来,至今已知虫传植物病毒和类菌原体有68个,引起100多种病害,其中属禾本科作物的近30种;十字花科、葫芦科、豆科和茄科等果菜类作物的病害60多种;果树及木本植物等病害20种。经接种证实的介体昆虫有52种,其中蚜虫22种,飞虱、叶蝉20种,其它10种。 近年来有关植物病毒介体昆虫的文献报道数量显著增加,从全国省级以上农业及生物科技刊物上发表的,与植物病毒和介体昆虫两者均有关的论文,在四十年代以前仅4篇,五十年代为17篇,六十年代74篇,七十年代42篇,1980—1984年增到130多篇。有     

一些植物抽提液对西红柿花叶病毒(TMV-T)病的治疗作用

本文对37科90种植物进行了番茄花叶病毒(TMV-T)病治疗物质的筛选,发现小藜(Chenopodium serotinum)和玉簪(Hosta plantaginea)两种植物抽提液对番茄花叶病毒(TMV-T)病有一定的治疗作用。其中小藜抽提液效果较好。当番茄幼苗在接种前用此抽提液喷洒2—3次,接种后再喷1—2次,对病毒病治疗效果在60％以上。本文对8种植物抽提液进行了植物病毒的体外钝化试验,发现其中6种对病毒TMV-T有较强的体外钝化作用,而其中2种即萹蓄和芍药反而有协生作用。结果表明,小藜抽提液的治疗作用并非完全由于对病毒的体外抑制或钝化作用,而其中存在着诱导寄主产生抗耐性的问题。     

长沙地区7种寄主蚜虫的快速鉴定及其亲缘关系分析

以线粒体基因COI片段为基础,分别通过DNA条形码及PCR-RFLP(经Dra I,Hinf I,Ssp I,Taq I 4种限制性内切酶酶切)两种方法对长沙湖南农业大学地区7种寄主上的蚜虫进行了快速鉴定。两种鉴定方法结果均表明,7种寄主上的蚜虫分属豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、桃粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、蚊母新胸蚜(Neothoracaphis yanonis)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola)及莴苣指管蚜(Uroleucon formosanum)6种。其中,豆蚜、棉蚜、绣线菊蚜推测为同一个属,与传统分类结果一致。通过对比发现,在蚜虫分类鉴定上,PCR-RFLP技术不仅具有与DNA条形码相同的准确性,且有更加经济快速的优点。     

新疆山地鸟类和哺乳类多样性及其区系特征

新疆各类陆栖脊椎动物近 70 0种 ,占中国这一类动物种数的 32 %,其中鸟兽资源尤其丰富 ,计有 42 5种鸟类和 1 5 5种兽类 (哺乳类 ) ,占中国鸟兽种数的 31 %。本文主要以新疆三大山区———阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑 -阿尔金山地区鸟类和哺乳类动物的多样性及区系分布作综合性介绍和分析。根据实地考察和以往文献资料 ,新疆阿尔泰山区记录在 1 2 4种鸟类 ,其中古北界北方型鸟类 5 1种 (占 41 .1 %) ,中亚型鸟类 31种 (占 2 5 .0 %) ,广布种鸟类 2 7种 (占 2 1 .8%) ,其他类型1 5种 (占 1 2 .1 %) ,显出以北方型泰加林鸟类为主的鸟类区系特征 ;分布的 5 0种兽类 ,区系上以古北界北方泰加林为主 ,即北方型兽类占该山区种数的 5 2 %。天山山区记录的鸟类大约2 81种 ,北方型种类占绝对优势 ,即北方型 1 0 6种 (占 37.72 %) ,北方广布型 76种 (占 2 7.0 4 %) ,中亚型 39种 (占 1 3.88%) ,高地型 1 8种 (占 6.41 %) ,广布型 33种 (占 1 1 .74%) ,东北型 9种 (占 3.2 1 %)。兽类分布有 62种 ,北方型兽类区系占优势 ,有 30种 (占 48.40 %) ,广布型 1 2种 (占 1 9.40 %) ,中亚型 1 1种 (占 1 7.70 %) ,特有种 9种 (占 1 4.5 0 %)。昆仑—阿尔金山地区 96种鸟类中 ,中亚类型成份占 2 8.1 %,高地型成分占 2 6%,北方型成?     

暗褐毛皮蠹的发现及其近缘种的比较

过去,我们往往把我国西北地区采得的前胸背板较暗、鞘翅没有明显淡色斑纹的褐色毛皮蠹称为褐皮蠹,当作一个种。但进一步研究表明是一个种的复合体。其中褐毛皮蠹(Attagenus augustatus gobicola Frivaldszky)在胡氏目录(1939年)中已有记载。1983年我们在检查由新疆采得的几份褐色毛皮蠹样本时,发现了短角褐毛皮蠹(A. simulan Solskij);1984年笔者对乌鲁     

Acanthocolpidae (Digenea) of marine fishes off New Caledonia, with the descriptions of two new species

The following acanthocolpid species are reported from New Caledonia. Acaenodera nautili sp. n. from Conger cinereus Rüppel differs from other Acaenodera species in details of the body-spination, the sucker-ratio and the bipartite seminal vesicle; Stephanostomum murielae sp. n. from Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley) differs from most species of Stephanostomum in the average of 36 circum-oral spines, the circum-oral spine rows with a ventral hiatus and the anterior extent of the vitellarium being > 10% of the hindbody length from ventral sucker. The species is distinguished from the three other species with these characters in a detailed review. The other species reported are: Stephanostomum aaravi Bray et Cribb, 2003 from Lethrinus miniatus and L. rubrioperculatus; Stephanostomum ditrematis (Yamaguti, 1939) from Gnathanodon speciosus; Stephanostomum japonocasum Durio et Manter, 1969 from Cephalopholis urodeta, Epinephelus areolatus, E. chlorostigma, E. maculatus, E. retouti, Lethrinus miniatus and Variola louti; Stephanostomum uku Yamaguti, 1970 and Pleorchis uku Yamaguti, 1970 from Aprion virescens.     

The life cycle of Echinostoma bolschewense (Kotova, 1939) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)

The life cycle of E. bolschewense, the species with 37 collar spines and closely related to E. revolutum, was experimentally studied. The following developmental stages are described: mother and daughter rediae, cercaria, metacercaria, and adult. The freshwater prosobranchiate snail Viviparus contectus was found to be the first intermediate host in nature. Under experimental conditions, the miracidia developed in V. contectus. They did not, however, penetrate into Bithynia tentaculata or into any of the pulmonate snails tested. The cercariae encysted in various Prosobranchia and Pulmonata. Adult worms were commonly obtained from hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and only exceptionally from chickens (Gallus gallus f. dom.). The species studied is considered to be conspecific with Cercaria bolschewensis described by Kotova (1939).     

The status of the Diplosentidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) and a new family of acanthocephalans from Australian wrasses (Pisces: Labridae)

The status and composition of the Diplosentidae Tubangui et Masilu?gan, 1937 are reviewed. The type species of the type genus, Diplosentis amphacanthi Tubangui et Masilu?gan, 1937 from Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) in the Philippines, is concluded to have been described inaccurately in supposedly possessing only two cement glands and lemnisci enclosed in a membranous sac. The species is almost certainly very close to species of Neorhadinorhynichus Yamaguti, 1939 and Sclerocollum Schmidt et Paperna, 1978 which have also been reported from siganids from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Species of these genera have four cement glands and unexceptional lemnisci. As a result, Diplosentis Tubangui et Masilu?gan, 1937 is best considered to have affinities with the Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932. The Cavisomidae has priority over the Diplosentidae; thus the Diplosentidae becomes a synonym of the Cavisomidae. Neorhadinorhynchus and Sclerocollum are considered synonyms of Diplosentis. The affinities of the other species and genera formerly included in the Diplosentidae (other species of Diplosentis, Allorhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959, Amapacanthus Salgado-Maldonado et Santos, 2000, Pararhadinorhynchus Johnston et Edmonds, 1947, Golvanorhynchus Noronha, de Fábio et Pinto, 1978 and Slendrorhynchus Amin et Sey, 1996) are discussed. It is concluded that all but Pararhadinorhynchus, two species of Diplosentis and Amapacanthus can be accommodated elsewhere satisfactorily. A new family, Transvenidae, is proposed for a small group of acanthocephalans that genuinely possess only two cement glands. Transvena annulospinosa gen. n., sp. n. is described from the labrids Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, 1878 (type host), A. geographicus Valenciennes, 1840, A. caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829, Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792), and H. melapterus (Bloch, 1791) from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Transvena gen. n. is distinguished from all other acanthocephalan genera by having a combination of a single ring of small spines on its trunk near or at the junction between the neck and trunk, two cement glands, a double-walled proboscis receptacle and hooks which decrease in length from the apex to the base of the proboscis. A second new genus within the Transvenidae, Trajectura, is proposed for T. perinsolens sp. n. from Anampses neoguinaicus, also from the Great Barrier Reef. Trajectura gen. n. is distinguished by the possession of only two cement glands and an anterior conical projection (function unknown) on the females. Diplosentis ikedai Machida, 1992 shares these characters and is recombined as Trajectura ikedai comb. n. Pararhadinorhynchus is transferred to the Transvenidae and Diplosentis manteri Gupta et Fatma, 1979 is recombined as Pararhadinorhynchus manteri comb. n.     

Weed vegetation in the north-western Balkans: diversity and species composition

Surveys of weed vegetation of the western Balkan peninsula (1939–2006) were used to study changes in species composition. A large data set of arable weed vegetation was compiled and analysed with direct and indirect ordination, regression and beta (β) diversity analysis. Five environmental variables (altitude, season, year, crop, phytogeographical region) were used to determine broad-scale changes in weed species composition. The most important parameter was phytogeography and the second was crop. Altitude and season were found to be less important, although significant, which contrasts with results from Central and Northern Europe. β-diversity was higher in cereals and in summer, while decline along the altitudinal gradient previously demonstrated in Central Europe, was not observed. In southern parts of the studied area, thermophilous species have shifted to higher altitudes. The results and ranking of importance of environmental and spatial variables are discussed in relation to similar studies in Northern and Central Europe.     

Hypoechinorhynchus robustus sp. n. from Notolabrus parilus (Labridae) from Western Australia with a discussion on the validity of the Hypoechinorhynchidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala)

Hypoechinorhynchus robustus sp. n. is described from Notolabrus parilus (Richardson) (Labridae) from Pt Peron, Western Australia. It has a proboscis with 30 hooks arranged in ten longitudinal rows: 5 rows of a small apical spine, a large anterior hook and a small posterior spine, 5 rows of a large anterior hook, a middle spine and a posterior spine. The new species is distinguished from other species of the genus by having a set of 5 small apical spines anterior to the large hooks on the proboscis, by having lemnisci that barely extend beyond the proboscis receptacle and testes which are more adjacent than tandem. H. robustus also has robust trunk spines anteriorly. Re-examination of Hypoechinorhynchus alaeopis Yamaguti, 1939 (type species) revealed trunk spines that had been overlooked previously. The Hypoechinorhynchidae is made a junior synonym of Arhythmacanthidae because there is considerable overlap between the two family diagnoses, particularly in that both families have a proboscis armature that changes abruptly from small basal spines to large apical (or subapical if present) hooks. The genus Hypoechinorhynchus is placed in the subfamily Arhythmacanthinae because it has trunk spines and a spherical proboscis with few hooks (relative to other arhythmacanthid genera). It is also proposed that Heterosentis magellanicus (Szidat, 1950) be returned to the genus Hypoechinorhynchus since it was transferred to Heterosentis primarily because it had trunk spines. The other hypoechinorhynchid genus contained only Bolborhynchoides exiguus (Achmerov et Dombrowskaja-Achmerova, 1941) Achmerov, 1959 and is relegated to incertae sedis.     

Two new nematodes,Paraseuratoides ophisterni gen. et sp. n. (Quimperiidae) and Philometra ophisterni sp. n. (Philometridae), from the swamp-eel Ophisternon aenigmaticum in Mexico

Two new nematodes, Paraseuratoides ophisterni gen. et sp. n. (Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae) and Philometra ophisterni sp. n. (Dracunculoidea: Philometridae) are described based on specimens recovered from the intestine and mesentery, respectively, of the swamp-eel Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen et Greenwood (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) from a canal of the Papaloapan River in Tlacotalpan, State of Veracruz, Mexico. The genus Paraseuratoides is mot similar to Paraseuratum Johnston et Mawson, 1940, differing from it mainly in the absence of a bulbous inflation on the anterior end of the oesophagus and in the structure of the mouth (presence of 6 spines in addition to 6 oesophageal teeth). Neoquimperia Wang, Zhao, Wang et Zhang, 1979 and Wuinema Yu et Wang, 1992 are synonymised with Ezonema Boyce, 1971 and Paragendria Baylis, 1939, respectively, and Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931 is considered a junior synonym of Ichthyobronema conoura Gnedina et Savina, 1930. Philometra ophisterni (only females) is mainly characterised by minute cephalic papillae, a greatly developed anterior oesophageal bulb separated from the cylindrical part of the oesophagus, anterior extension of the oesophageal gland anterior to the nerve ring, and by the character of large caudal projections. This is the first Philometra species recorded from inland fishes in Mexico.     

Nieuwe Inzichten In Den Aard Der Voor Planten Pathogene Viren

Ohne Zusammenfassung Voordracht gehouden ter gelegenheid van het tienjarig bestaan van den biologenkring te Wageningen op 14 Februari 1939.     

First species of Ophiotaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) from Madagascar: O. georgievi sp. n., a parasite of the endemic snake Leioheterodon geayi (Colubridae)

Ophiotaenia georgievi sp. n. (Proteocephalidea: Proteocephalinae) is described from the intestine of endemic colubrid snake Leioheterodon geayi Mocquard (Colubridae) from Antananarivo in Madagascar. The new species is the first species of Ophiotaenia La Rue, 1911 reported from Madagascar. It differs from all Ophiotaenia species parasitic in African snakes in the possession of a three-layered embryophore of eggs (other African species have two-layered embryophore). Furthermore, O. georgievi can be distinguished by the number of testes (92-140), width of the scolex (225-235 jm), total body length (57 mm), cirrus-sac length/proglottis width ratio (19-32%), and number of lateral uterine diverticula (23-28 on each side). Ophiotaenia georgievi represents the second proteocephalidean cestode reported from Madagascar, the first one being Deblocktaenia ventosaloculata (Deblock, Rosé et Broussart, 1962), a parasite from Ithycyphus miniatus. A list of Ophiotaenia species parasitic in venomous and non-venomous snakes is provided and possible existence of other new congeneric species in snakes from Madagascar is discussed.     

Verschilen in de overdracht van het bloemkoolmozaiekvirus bij Myzus persicae Sulzer en Brevicoryne brassicae L.

Summary The results of the first test indicate that the cauliflower mosaic virus belongs to the non-persistent viruses as defined byWatson enRoberts (1939).The results of the second test, and the new definition of non-persistent viruses byWatson (1946) would, however, place cauliflower-mosaic in the persistent viruses.WithMyzus persicae very short infection feeding times probably will result in a response to the period of preliminary fasting but withBrevicoryne brassicae this can not be expected. Therefore the definition ofWatson (1946) is in my opinion not an improvement of the definition ofWatson enRoberts (1939).The response of the vectors to preliminary fasting time, with regard to the non-persistent viruses, is not constant and needs further research. From the results of the second test it is also evident that long infection feeding times do not always result in a deminishing of the efficiency of the vector; in certain cases they result in an increase in efficiency.The results of the third trial make it evident that the virus protein is inactivated rapidly byMyzus persicae during a post infection fasting period. WithBrevicoryne brassicae this inactivation is very slow.It may be that we have here a case of adaption of the cabbage aphid to the. cauliflower mosaic virus.Voor de wiskundige verwerking van de gegevens zeg ikIr L. C. A. Corsten gaarne dank.