应用STATCOM的DFIG风力发电机低电压穿越能力分析

针对DFIG（double fed induction generator）风电机组低电压穿越能力（LVRT,low voltage ride through）问题,笔者基于STATCOM研究了一种电压外环与电流内环相结合的双闭环反馈控制策略,并仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性。将STATCOM分别安装风电机组机端、并网点高压侧和低压侧,且设置不同电压跌落深度,比较其补偿效果。实验结果表明,安装在风电机组机端时补偿效果最好。在电网电压跌落时,STATCOM能快速为电网输入无功,抬高风力机的机端电压,从而提高风电场的LVRT能力,从STATCOM输出无功大小和风电场机端电压被抬升的比例两方面分析,对于不同深度的电压跌落,STATCOM补偿效果都较为显著。     

Disscussion in the Rural Power Network Construction in the New Rural Construction

To adapt to the continuous improvement of rural power consumption level in the new rural construction,in particular,with the continuous development of the rural economy,the actual operation of the rural power network has emerged as the high loss of electrical power which leads to a greater cost of the electricity,lower power supply reliability,the supply voltage and frequency do not satisfiy with requirements,etc.Through analysis of a typical rural power network,from the overall planning of the transmission to distribution equipments(such as lines,transformers and reactive-load compensation devices),the author proposes some specific measures such as reducing power loss and improving the voltage quality and reliability methods.Through calculation for lines power loss rate and percent of voltage pass,the results show that the methods proposed by the author are effective.The directions to the development trend of the rural power network is given.     

An asymmetric fault ride-through control strategy for PMSG wind turbine

In order to improve the asymmetric fault ride-through capability of PMSG wind turbine, a novel control method is proposed. This method can reduce the negative sequence current component in the grid side converter and eliminate the 2 nd order voltage fluctuation in the DC link capacitor voltage of the AC-DC-AC converter. The proposed control method employs the grid voltage feed forward to reduce the grid side negative sequence current component, while a novel power control concept, output power of generator tracking the grid side power, is applied to control the electro-magnetic power of the PMSG to eliminate the 2 nd order voltage ripple in the DC link. Simulation results for a 1 MW case study show that the control method can eliminate the grid side negative sequence current component and the 2 nd order voltage ripple in the DC link at the same time.     

Research on a Novel Inverter of VSC

In order to improve waveform performance of light HVDC system, a lot of switches which operate in high frequency are used, which causes large switching losses and results high cost. A new Buck type voltage source converter(BVSC) is proposed. The new BVSC comprises a dual-buck converter and a three-phase inverter operating in grid frequency. Only two high frequency switches are used, which results good output waveform performance. In order to reduce the high frequency switching losses, a novel improved double-frequency Buck type voltage source converter(DBVSC) is also proposed. An additional dual-Buck converter is added to the BVSC, the added dual-Buck converter deals with the fundamental power that operates in low frequency, and BVSC only deals with harmonic power that operates in high frequency. The output waveform is enhanced and the switching losses are reduced in DBVSC, and the power rating is also increased. The DBVSC is very suitable for large power rating application. The one cycle control theory is adopted to control the proposed DBVSC with analog circuit, which is very simple. The proposed DBVSC and control method are verified by simulation.     

智慧设施农业中控制系统的研究进展

随着科学技术的发展，农业的发展越来越趋于信息化、现代化，智慧农业是未来农业发展的必然趋势。温室控制系统是智慧设施农业的核心，是实现设施农业规模化发展、集约化生产的关键。本研究综述了温室控制相关研究进展，以期在今后的研究中起到一定的作用。温室控制系统自20世纪70年代发展至今越来越成熟，本研究对比了温室控制系统的控制算法、主控芯片、各种传感器，通过对近些年来包括控制系统在内的感知层、传输层和应用层等组成部分综述，并介绍了市面上比较主流的传感器、网络传输技术以及主控芯片，旨在为温室控制系统的设计提供一种可选择的方案，并对温室设施农业中存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

Analysis on the Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Using Neural Network Controller

It is very difficult to build the accurate mathematical model of the wind turbine generator system because of the uncertainty of air kinetics and the complexity of power electronics, especially when the wind speed changes abruptly or there is a disturbance. But the classical control needs the model. Using neural network controller to the wind turbine generator system can overcome these difficulties. The wind speed can be followed and the maximum power can be obtained under low wind speed by using the power coefficient curve BP neural network and the optimum pitch angle BP neural network. The maximum power can be kept and under the allowed range in the condition of high wind speed. The simulation model and result are given under the environment of MATLAB. The fluctuation of wind speed can be controlled and the disturbance can be cancelled by BP neural network controller.     

Voltage and Reactive Power Optimization of Main Electric Power Network in Chongqing

Based on the reactive surplus of Chongqing 220 kV main electric power network under low water and low load, and on state of higher system voltage, a thorough research is done on voltage and reactive power of the system power network by means of calculation,analysis and experiments. A main network calculating equivalence model of power network in Chongqing is constructed. And reactive power optimizing calculation is figured out on the Chongqing power network on condition that the loss minimum of the active power network is object function. Several optimizing compensatory schemes are put forward. Based on the calculation result and the analysis of all schemes, the most reasonable and feasible optimizing scheme could be achieved. Meanwhile, the feasibility that the system voltage could be adjusted when generator operating under excitation was demonstrated. According to the experience of under-excitation operation of the same type units , it decreases the system voltage, improves Chongqing power network running performance, and strengthens the coordination and stabilization of system.     

An asymmetric fault ride-through control method forPMSG wind turbine based onsuper-capacitors

With the rapid increasing interaction between wind turbines and power systems, wind turbines have to have the fault ride-through (FRT) capability to ensure the safe operation of power grid. In order to improve the asymmetric FRT capability of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine, a novel control FRT method based on super-capacitors is proposed. In this method, super-capacitors are connected to the DC bus of AC-DC-AC converter via a bi-directional DC-DC converter, and the power processed by the super-capacitors is controlled to limit the increasing of the DC bus voltage of the AC-DC-AC converter in grid failure condition, and to reduce the 2nd order voltage ripple in the DC bus. Meanwhile, the proposed control method employs the grid voltage feed-forward approach to reduce the negative sequence current component in the grid side converter. According to the low voltage ride through (LVRT) standard, the selection of the super-capacitor capacity is also discussed, and then a mathematical model of the super-capacitor with the bi-directional DC-DC converter is established for designing the controller. Simulation results for a 1MW PMSG wind turbine by MATLAB show that the proposed control method reduces both the negative sequence current component in grid side converter and the 2nd order voltage ripple in DC link at the same time. The results also demonstrate that the asymmetric FRT capability of PMSG wind turbine is improved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control method in this paper.     

Hierarchical control method of low voltage looped microgrid

The low voltage (LV) looped microgrid has high reliability of power supply and good accessibility of the DG. The medium voltage distribution network with single loop network and multi sectioned & multi linked is studied to analyze the wiring mode of the LV looped microgrid. A research on the two hierarchical control scheme of the looped microgrid is conducted, and the sub microgrid, which meets island operation requirements, is divided according to their segments. Then the incidence matrix is formed based on the connection relation of different segments and components, and the plan for switching the microgrid operation status is concluded from the reform of incidence matrix on the basis of the judgment of island and reconnection segments. A resynchronization strategy using microgrid central controller is proposed. The MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of different operation status switching and synchronizing, and the results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control method.     

Research on the improvement of the convergencespeed for CDMA system power control

Optimal power control with game-theory has been a hot research topic in code division multiple access (CDMA) system. However, the convergence speed of the power control algorithm based on traditional static game-theory is not fast enough and the power fluctuation is large during the iterative process. In order to solve this problem, dynamic game-theory is introduced into CDMA system power control algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm, compared with the distributed power control algorithm based on the traditional static game theory, can improve the convergence speed obviously with the same power spending.     

Parameter design and simulation for animproved direct current side active power filter

Considering the characteristics of the dc side series active power filter (APF) that the output voltage cannot be adjusted and the control circuit is complex , an improved single phase dc series APF topology is proposed. The improvement of the new circuit topology and fundamental working principle are analyzed. Following the circuit power factor pre regulator principle, the designing method for the main circuit parameters is given. The voltage ring and the current ring are designed by using the zero pole method. The main circuit power switch is controlled with the same frequencies, while the control circuit was simplified further. Compared with the paralleled APF, the main circuit of topology structure is simplified and the number of the active switches is reduced, which show low input current harmonics, high power factor, large voltage output adjustment range and low cost. The simulation results prove that the proposed topology is correct and reliable.     

Knowledge,Market Structure,and Economic Coordination: Dynamics of Industrial Districts

The industrial rise of the Third Italy has been characterized by the growth of dynamic networks of flexible small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) that are spatially concentrated in specialized industrial districts. This network type of coordination has been associated with horizontal, trust–based relations rather than vertical relations of power and dependency between local organizations. This would lower transaction costs (essential for local systems with an extreme division of labor), facilitate the transmission and exchange of (tacit) knowledge (and thus, learning and innovation), encourage cooperation mechanisms (such as the establishment of research centers), and stimulate political–institutional performance (e.g. through regulation of potential social conflicts). From an evolutionary perspective, the focus is on the dynamics of industrial districts drawing from current experiences in Italy. In this respect, this paper concentrates on two main features of industrial districts that have largely contributed to their economic success in the past, that is, their network organization and the collective learning process. The evolution of industrial districts is described in terms of organizational adjustments to structural change. The way in which the size distribution of firms has changed is discussed (in particular the role of large companies), how the (power) relationships between local organizations have evolved, what are the current sources and mechanisms of learning, and to what extent institutional lock–in has set in. Finally, a number of trajectories districts may go through in the near future are presented.     

Heuristic research and fuzzy evaluation for-post-faultrestoration in distribution networks

A heuristic research and fuzzy evaluation fault restoration algorithm for distribution network is proposed to quickly restore power supply for the regions where power supply is interrupted. The algorithm searches power supply paths by finding effective tie-switches and sectionalizing switches, and eliminates improper switch pair according to power flow calculation. During service restoration process, the problem is divided into self-healing restoration, whole-region restoration, sub-region restoration, load-transfer restoration and load shedding restoration. The algorithm takes switch operation times and customer priority into account, and consequently, obtains initial feasible schemes. Fuzzy technique is used to evaluate the schemes from minimal switch operation times, load transfer, feeder margin and maximal voltage drop. Weighted sum of four indices provides a good guideline for choosing the optimal scheme for restoration operation. Calculation results of a certain distribution network show that this algorithm is feasible.     

Bit Allocation Algorithm OFDM Systems Based for Low Voltage Network Transmitted Efficiency

Selfadaptation OFDM is suitable for the low voltage network.To satisfy the request of high speed communication in low voltage network,this paper studies a bit allocation algorithm for low voltage network OFDM systems based transmitted efficiency.And compared with the fix modulate OFDM and fix power OFDM,this algorithm can allocate the power and modulate flexibly and increase the speed.It is very appropriate for the low voltage network application.     

Modeling and control of An LCL bi-directional inductive power transfer system

Since there exist high-frequency switching networks and complicated operating modes in bi-directional inductive power transfer (IPT) system, it is easy to result in high harmonics and EMI interference. An LCL filter network is introduced to effectively filter out the unwanted harmonics in track current and reduce EMI interference. Based on a mathematical model of the power transmission established by complex analysis of the AC variables, under the condition of maximum transmission efficiency, the phase angle differences between the primary input voltage and secondary output voltage U·so are ±90° and the energy is respectively transferred in forward or backward direction. Moreover, the power magnitude can be controlled by adjusting the modulus of U·pi and U·so. In addition, to keep the track current constant, different phase-shifting control strategies are designed in the primary and secondary parts. Simulation and experimental results show that these strategies can not only adjust track current to keep constant but also dynamically change the direction and magnitude of power transmission according to the working conditions and actual needs of the system load to improve the system operating efficiency.     

A new control design for grid integration ofDFIG wind farm with VSC-HVDC

This paper proposes a control scheme for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farm with VSC-HVDC grid integration to ensure secure and reliable operation of power system with fluctuated wind power penetration. The whole system dynamic models are respectively described. Based on vector control system with a virtual voltage orientation, a steady-state voltage control block and a dynamic voltage control block with a cross-product term of d-q currents are separately designed for WFVSC to control the corresponding parts of the wind farm voltage. Meanwhile, with the consideration of AC and DC side parameter variation and external disturbance, an improved backstepping control scheme with Lyapunov stability provement is also proposed for the GSVSC. The combination of the two schemes makes up the new control design of this study. Besides, to verify the performance of the proposed new control design, three different cases are suggested which contain the AC and DC side parameter variation and external disturbance such as local load cut off-in, grid voltage harmonics. Finally, numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink are presented for a 200MW DFIG wind farm with VSC-HVDC grid integration to validate the proposed control scheme and demonstrate the improved system operation performance. Moreover, the corresponding discussions are also presented for further illustrations.     

A dual-boost three-phase DC link active power filter based on coupled impedance

A three-phase DC link active power filter (APF)based on coupled impedance and its control strategy are proposed in order to eliminate the input current harmonics of the three-phase diode rectifier. The presented APF is composed of impedance network and two asymmetric dual Boost converters. Average current control is adopted to control the DC link APF. The switch signals of the two asymmetric Boost converters are obtained respectively by leading and trailing edge modulation methods. Compared with the normal DC link active power filter,this topology reduces an active switch and a capacitance. So it can reduce costs,and there is no voltage imbalance in the DC link. Simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed topology and the corresponding control method.     

基于GIS的洪灾损失评估方法

洪灾损失评估是防洪减灾领域的一项基础性工作。笔者在国内外洪灾损失评估信息系统研究的基础上，对现有的洪灾损失评估方法进行了探讨，论述了GIS技术在洪灾损失评估中的应用、特点及作用等，并提出了洪灾损失评估有待解决的问题及未来发展趋势，为科学、有效的采取防洪减灾措施提供一定的参考依据。     

Application of Chitosan to Technology of Clarification for Chinese Traditional Medicine Extraction

As the product of natural macromolecule chitin deacetylating, Chitosan is linear macromolecule carbohydrate and is widely applied to medicine, chemical industry and environmental protection, etc.. The distribution, general properties and clarifying principle of chitosan, and the application of chitosan to the clarification of Chinese traditional medicine extraction are described . Compared with ethanol sedimentation process, the chitosan clarification is a safe, of innocuity, cheap and fine clarifying process. Chitosan clarification process can replace the conventional ethanol sedimentation process as the method of fining Chinese traditional medicine extraction and preparation. The feasibility and the problem are discussed. And the advice for future researching orientation is put forward.     

Design on Contingency Classifier of Functioned Link Neural Network

Contingency analysis is thekey computational issue in power system steady state security analysis and reliability calculations. This task requires a large amount of CPU time. In order to reduce effectively requirements of computationin outagesimulation ofbulk power system,a functioned link neural network (FLNN) classified model and algorithm employed to identify contingencies is presented. For the sake of gaining post-accident information of system states, a group of performance index (PI) is designed according to the performance characters relative to the changes of base case.Moreover, a neural network classifieris constructed. A varietyof the effects of PI and combinations of PI on the proposed classifieris discussed. That branch flow performance indices are better than the others is explanted. The resultsof classification by applied the FLNNclassifierto the IEEE-RTS24 show that it not only make network and algorithmsimpler, but also improvethe speed and accurate of contingency analysis.