综合NDVI时序特征的冬小麦混合像元分解及面积估算

基于MODIS数据进行面积提取易受混合像元影响，为了降低因混合像元导致的错分和漏分误差，该文提出一种线性的混合像元分解模型，建立MODIS混合像元中冬小麦占比与MODIS/NDVI时间序列影像波峰波谷差值之间的定量关系。基于2017年保定市MODIS数据和GF数据进行了模型构建，基于2014年数据进行了模型验证，结果显示纯度指数（PPI）精确度均值为0.485，基于混合像元分解模型得到的2014年保定市冬小麦面积推算值为40.05万hm2，基于GF数据得的2014年保定市冬小麦面积“真值”为37.39万hm2，绝对误差为2.66万hm2，相对误差率为7.11%。利用河北省冬小麦广泛种植的8个地市对模型的适用性进行评价，结果表明不同地市的冬小麦面积推算值和冬小麦面积“真值”间平均误差率为3.69%。基于该模型的冬小麦面积推算值误差相对较低，数据可靠性较高，且受地域影响较小，具有较为普遍适用性。     

应用数字图像技术估测冬小麦冠层生物量垂直分布特征的研究

用数字图像技术研究了冬小麦冠层生物量的垂直分布。表明用一行小麦图像比多行小麦图像估测小麦生物量能更好地满足线性回归关系,估测效果更佳,以此为基础进一步研究了分层像素数估测小麦冠层分层现存生物量和有效生物量的方法。利用分层绿色像素数(LGPN)指标定性分析了不同栽培模式下冬小麦群体有效生物量的垂直分布和动态变化,并确定了基于图像特征的可用于定量分析的小麦群体垂直分布指数（I）。     

One intra prediction mode selection algorithm based on edge direction detection in H.〖STHZ〗264〖ST〗

Motion estimation is the most complex part in H.264. Intra prediction is an important part of motion estimation. There are a number of intra prediction modes in H.264, which no doubt greatly increase encoding complexity. In intra prediction, the way of choosing prediction method is rate distortion optimization or using correlation properties. For complexity problem, the paper provides an improved intra prediction mode selection algorithm. This algorithm uses a new detection method to detect the pixel correlation in the direction of mode selection. Test results show that the algorithm has reduced the computational complexity and increased the encoding speed highly in the premise of ensuring video quality.     

亚洲百合种内杂交亲和性研究

为促进国内百合育种工作的快速发展,更好地培育出优良的杂交品种,利用从国外引进的‘Loreto’、‘Apricot pixels’、‘Lollypop’、‘Tinos’、‘Navona’、‘Landini’、‘Vemneer’7种亚洲百合杂种系品种开展花粉活力测定、柱头可授性测定和杂交亲和性的研究。‘Lollypop’、‘Loreto’、‘Tinos’、‘Apricot pixels’、‘Vemneer’5种亚洲百合杂种系品种可作为杂交父本材料;‘Landini’、‘Loreto’、‘Navona’、‘Tinos’、‘Vemneer’5种亚洲百合杂种系品种柱头可授性良好,蕾期至花期可授性逐渐增强;8种亚洲百合种内杂交组合中‘Lollypop’בApricot pixels’、‘Loreto’בLollypop’坐果率偏低,‘Apricot pixels’בLoreto’、‘Tinos’בApricot pixel’、‘Vemneer’בTinos’、‘Navona’בTinos’坐果率较高,‘Tinos’בVemneer’、‘Landini’בVemneer’没有得到杂交后代。     

基于物候特征参数的橡胶树种植信息遥感提取研究?

为了更好地监测橡胶树的生长状态,客观准确地获取橡胶树的种植的地理位置信息,采用非对称高斯函数对海南岛内MODIS EVI时间序列数据进行滤波处理,定义作物物候特征参数并计算海南岛每个像元的特征参数值;统计分析基于MODIS EVI数据的海南岛橡胶树样区作物关键物候特征参数值变化规律;根据橡胶树样区特征参数值变化规律建立海南岛橡胶树种植信息提取算法,提取结果采用不同比例的橡胶树混合像元分类法表示。根据提取算法对海南岛2011年橡胶树种植信息进行提取,用验证数据对该提取算法进行精度检验与实用性评价,检验结果显示该算法的平均分类精度达85.97%,可以用来提取橡胶树种植信息。     

Quantitative evaluation of flower colour pattern by image analysis and principal component analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Primula sieboldii</Emphasis> E. Morren

In Primula sieboldii E. Morren, many cultivars have been bred with the purpose of obtaining various petal colour patterns. Colour pattern is an important breeding target in this species, and the availability of an objective and quantitative evaluation method is of vital importance for both genetic analysis and variety registration. Our objective was to establish a new quantitative evaluation method of P. sieboldii flower colour patterns in regions of interest (ROIs) by principal component analysis (PCA). We first set a ROI in each petal as a region that represented the petal colour pattern and defined the maximum square on each petal as the ROI. We then converted each ROI image to a 10 × 10 pixel mosaic image and defined a total of 300 variables (the colour values for red, green and blue components of the 100 pixels) per mosaic image. Finally, we summarized the information on the 300 variables by PCA, and redrew the mosaic images to correspond to some typical principal component scores to determine the effect of each principal component on colour pattern. By this method, we detected five different features of petal colour pattern, four of which were revealed to be mainly genetically controlled. Thus, we successfully established a procedure for evaluating petal colour patterns in P. sieboldii cultivars. This new procedure can be used as a basis for an objective and efficient variety registration system.     

Lossless data hiding with ranks transform

For taking full advantage of carrier image's pixel correlation, a lossless data hiding algorithm with ranks transform (LDHA_RT) is proposed. Along with three directions of column, row and diagonal, the pixel difference images and their histograms are calculated one after another. The obtained pixel difference histograms are shifted to construct the redundancy spaces, so that the hiding information could be embedded in a designated position. After the hiding data is extracted, the carrier image could be recovered reversibly without any additional information. The experiments demonstrate that the PSNR/bits of the LDHA_RT is the lowest or close to the lowest, compard with these algorithms mentioned in the references. This implies that the LDHA_RT has large capacity of hiding data under a good image quality.     

The key technology research of on-line surface inspection for hot heavy rail

To overcome the detection difficulties of the surface defects when milling a hot heavy rail,a suite of detection system for on-line surface defect is developed. To select optical environment according to radiation of heavy rail and characteristics of light,use multi-linear array CCD cameras to parallel multi-angle collect images of whole surface of hot heavy rail,and obtain images through an image adaptive preprocessing to meet requirements of defect detection. For the condition that the defects extracting causing by continuity of the surface defects of hot heavy rail is hard to realize through traditional image segmentation, an examining algorithm of image relevance between pixel lines is proposed, using pixel de-differentiation and statistical variance operations to extract defect. This algorithm is demonstrated to be better than traditional edge detection,and the system has achieved good results in the practical application of a rail beam plant.     

Using Digital Image Analysis to Describe Canopies of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) during Vegetative Developmental Stages

In our experiment digital image processing is used to predict characteristics in a winter oilseed rape canopy. A large series of images was taken in 2002–2003 in close intervals from a measuring area of 1 m². These images were automatically evaluated by a self‐written computer program analysing the red/green/blue colour channels of each pixel. The number of determined green pixels was then related to the total pixel count of the image. Image evaluation helped to determine canopy structure by digital image analysis subjected to several applications, i.e. soil coverage, leaf area index (LAI), dynamics of plant number during vegetative developmental stages including entire winter season. Furthermore, number of plants per m² and position of each plant were determined by image analysis. Results show that all parameters are dynamic during the vegetative developmental stages (germination–beginning of flowering) mainly depending on temperature. During the vegetative developmental stages number of plants varied. Emergence lasted 30 days resulting in large differences in growth and development of individual plants. During winter number of plants decreased due to longer phases of frost. Plant growth indicated by dynamics of LAI alternated with phases of cessation due to low temperatures above zero or frost. Reductions in soil coverage and LAI clearly started at daily mean temperatures below 5 °C. After the analysis, differences in LAI as well as changes in number of plants during the early phase crop development can serve (i) as input parameters to growth models, (ii) to improve canopy reflectance measurements by separating spectral signatures of soil and canopy and (iii) to determine and explain heterogeneities within the canopy.     

土壤含水率与像素颜色之间关系的BP人工神经网络模型

建立像素颜色RGB值与土壤含水率之间的数学关系,是染色入渗法的应用基础。结合沟灌染色入渗试验。研究了染色入渗过程中土壤含水率与像素颜色分量之间关系的BP人工神经网络模型。分析土壤含水率与像素颜色分量之间的关系,确定BP人工神经网络的拓扑结构,以像素颜色分量的相对值作为输入因子。土壤含水率作为输出因子,建立了包含1个隐层的BP人工神经网络。结果表明,该模型具有较高的拟合精度和验证精度,优于二次多项式模型。     

Development of CMOS Digital Image Sensor

The CMOS image sensor has developed from passive pixel sensors and active pixel sensors to digital pixel sensors(DPS),which is the trend of image sensors.The advantage of DPS is that the imaging system can be integrated on a chip as imaging system-on-a-chip,decreasing the cost and power consumption,improving the imaging quality.The A/D conversion is the key component of the CMOS sensor.The authors analyze and compare the theories,performances and features of the chip level,column level and pixel level integrated ADC of the image sensor.They present the present and the future trend of the development about digital image sensor in the home and abroad.     

Image Restoration Using Adopted Regularization Technology

Image restoration is aimed to recover the original scene from its degraded version. Based on the customary regularization technology and the property of the human visual systems, a new method for image restoration based on adopted regularization technology is presented. This technique is achieved by adopting the parameters of the residual term and the regularization term of each pixel in different part of the image. We can get the parameters of each pixel by computing the local variance at each point. Simulation results demonstrate that the method improves restored image quality and does not slow down the convergence of the evaluation function.     

An edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm

In order to improve the convergence rate of genetic algorithms based on edge detection, a novel edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm (GGA) was proposed. The proposed method designed the crossover operation with the theory of good point set in which the progeny inherits the common genes of the parents which represent its family so as to improve the convergence rate of the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, before the algorithm was used for edge detection, the feature space of the image grey level was transformed into the feature space of the fuzzy entropy. Dissimilarity enhancement processing next was applied to the image by using a fuzzy entropy theory to filter the non edge pixels so as to reduce the scale of the solution domain. This approach offered another efficient way to improve the convergence rate. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm performs very well in terms of convergence rate. The detected edge image is well localized, thin, and robustly resistant to noise.     

An Improved Parallel Thinning Algorithm

One recent parallel thinning algorithm is analyzed on detail in this paper.The analytical emphasis is put on its pixel deletion conditions.It is shown that owing to the inherent faults in these conditions,not only all four elements of an isolated 2x2 square are removed but also there exist "worm eaten" response and "thin hair" phenomina in its result skeleton.Subsequently,an improved one is proposed which is also strictly 8 connected.Experiments indicate that the modification effectively overcomes the original's shortages and has a little better time efficiency.     

Fast circle measurement of industrial CT images based on existence probability

The general methods in reverse engineering cannot measure the inside of close parts. Traditional methods like Capture Geometrical Inside (CGI) would destroy the part. We used the industrial computer tomography (ICT) method to obtain accurate measurements of close parts. Based on the acquired computer tomography images, the size of an internal part was obtained through image measurement and subsequently edited, amended, and dimensioned in CAD software. First, the position and the pixel size of the circle were determined based on existence probability. Next, the actual size of one pixel was obtained based on the image size and the purview diameter. Finally, the actual circle size was calculated by multiplying the pixel size and the actual size of one pixel. A real part was measured using the method. The results show that the relative error of the measured circle radius and the actual size is less than 0.5% and the measuring time is several seconds.     

An field programmable gate array implementation of an image encryption algorithm based on a discrete chaotic map

Software encryption cannot satisfy real time requirements for multimedia applications which usually involve large volumes of data. To address this problem, an field programmable gate array(FPGA) implementation of the Cyclone EP1C6 for a Kolmogorov chaotic map based image encryption algorithm MASK was proposed. The algorithm was composed of four basic parts: Mixture, key Add, S box and Kolmogorov chaotic map transforms. These parts specifically act on the image as follows: diffusion, applying secret keys, nonlinearity, and permutation. The correlation of adjacent pixels, UACI and the key space of the system subsequently were studied. The source occupation proportion of the hardware was calculated statistically and showed low occupation. Among the advantages of the proposed system are high security, fast encryption speed, and low hardware resources consumption. The proposed system is suitable for implementation in inexpensive FPGA.     

THE REAL RESISTIVE MODEL FOR FREQUENCY -DOMAIN ANALYSIS

A new model for frequency - domain analysis - the real resistive model which is based on Complex Network Theory is proposed in this paper. The network equations formed with the new model without contain complex numbers because there are only sources and resirtive elements in the model. A CAA algorithm for frequency analysis by using the new model is also given. It is shown that the trouble with the complex operation in the traditional algorithm has been avoided. The algorithm presented in this paper is simple and convenient,hence it is easy to popularize.     

Analysis of Global Stability of Soil Nailing Bracing Structures in Non-homogeneous Soil

Based on Swedish slices limited equilibrium method, a new computation formula of stability safety factor is presented for interior stability analysis of soil nailing wall in non-homogeneous soil. A new genetic algorithm is put forward by adopting dynamic self-adaptive technology and nonstandard genetic operators. Applying the dynamic self-adaptive technology and nonstandard genetic operators into the field of soil-nailing wall interior stability analysis, the dynamic adaptive genetic algorithm for searching the arbitrary critical slip surface is established. It is shown that the dynamic adaptive genetic algorithm has better performance in finding optimal solution, quicker convergence than traditional algorithm as well as more reasonable results.     

A Globally Convergent Algorithm for Nonlinear Programming

A new globally convergent algorithm was presented for a continuous differen-tiable nonlinear programming by defining a measure function deviating from the Kuhn-Tucker point. With this algorithm which can be used to get the optimum solution of the problem,the optimal lagrangian multiplier corresponding the optimal solution of the problem was also obtained. A new iterative algorithm for quadratic programming is obtained when applying the general algorithm to quadratic programming. Finally,a numerical example was given.     

The Algorithm of Reduced Dimension forQuadratic Programming with Equality Constraints

In this paper,based on reference a method to solve the problem with equality constraints is given.A new approach for solving these problems is obtained,the number of dimensions of corresponding system or equations is less than that of the classic Lagrangian multiplier approximation.Using nonlinear equality constraints,the approximate algorithm is obtained.Moreover,the numerical difficulty is reduced by means of the new algorithm.