氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响

以T-04为材料,设置不同施氮量(0、200、270、340kg/hm2)和3种施肥策略(即m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15、25∶40∶30∶5、40∶15∶35∶10),研究施氮量和施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累动态和产量形成的影响,以探明不同施氮量和氮肥运筹方式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响,并提出最佳的施氮量和施肥策略。结果表明,施氮显著提高膜下滴灌水稻的干物质积累量和籽粒产量,270kg/hm2施氮水平具有最高生物学产量和经济学产量,籽粒产量达到9657.7kg/hm2。施氮量显著影响水稻茎蘖数、有效穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、实粒数和千粒重。施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数和成穗率影响显著,以施肥策略S1(基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15)处理的水稻产量最高。氮肥后移有助于提高膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数、成穗率,形成高产。对水稻膜下滴灌高产栽培模式而言,270kg/hm2的施氮水平和基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15的氮肥运筹模式较为合理。     

寒地水稻氮肥精确定量施肥研究

为确定虎林地区水稻精确定量施肥的参数值,进行水稻氮肥精确定量施肥试验,结果表明,不同肥力地块施用等量的氮肥水稻增产程度和氮肥利用率不同,1号地土壤肥力较高,供氮量为4.82 kg/667 m2,施氮增产53.2%,2号地的土壤供氮量为5.0 kg/667 m2,施氮增产31.6%。肥力越低施氮肥氮肥利用率越高、增产越高。     

水稻水气平衡栽培技术初步研究

2008-2009年在中、晚稻上开展了水气平衡栽培法不同开厢宽度、栽植方式、施氮水平和补灌方式对比试验.结果表明:开厢宽度以1.50～2.55 m较为适宜;栽植方式以三角形(品字形)定植产量较高;施氮水平以每公顷施N 150～180 kg较为适宜;沟灌补水方式以长期保持半沟水的浸润灌溉式为最佳.     

寒地不同类型水稻品种精确施氮技术

以适合黑龙江省第二积温带种植的垦鉴稻6号(穗数型品种)和绥粳4号(穗重型品种)为试验材料,采用田间裂区设计方法,精确定量研究了不同类型水稻品种的需肥规律、氮肥利用率、肥料配比及施肥时期,确定了最佳施氮水平和施氮技术。结果表明,穗数型品种以中肥区、前后期氮肥比例7∶3时产量最高,为9 083.3 kg/hm2,比对照增产58.5%;穗重型品种以低肥区、前后期氮肥比例7∶3时产量最高,为8 750.2 kg/hm2,比对照增产59.7%。     

水稻精确施氮试验研究

建湖县2009年依据测土配方施肥的要求,为做好水稻测土配方施肥工作,建立水稻精确施氮技术指标体系,提高氮肥利用率,开展了水稻氮肥精确试验。结果表明:精确施氮可以节约用肥量,提高肥料利用率,减少过量施肥而造成的环境污染,提高作物产量和品质,精确施氮明显提高水稻的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,在氮肥用量18.6 kg/667 m2水平下,产量比常规增加8.4%,氮肥利用率提高6.7%,本地区水稻优化施氮用量应控制在16.7~19.8 kg/667 m2。     

水稻精确施氮试验研究

建湖县2009年依据测土配方施肥的要求,为做好水稻测土配方施肥工作,建立水稻精确施氮技术指标体系,提高氮肥利用率,开展了水稻氮肥精确试验。结果表明：精确施氮可以节约用肥量,提高肥料利用率,减少过量施肥而造成的环境污染,提高作物产量和品质,精确施氮明显提高水稻的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,在氮肥用量18.6 kg/667 m^2水平下,产量比常规增加8.4%,氮肥利用率提高6.7%,本地区水稻优化施氮用量应控制在16.7-19.8 kg/667 m^2。     

超级粳稻单产800kg/667m~2氮素吸收特点及施氮模式的构建

以早熟晚粳超级稻武粳15和杂交粳稻常优1号为材料,设计"稳前优中"(精确施肥)、"平衡促进"、"前促中控"3种施氮模式,并以"前促中控"为对照,比较研究了不同施氮模式下氮素的吸收、积累和利用特点。结果表明,与"前促中控"相比,"稳前优中"最利于参试品种达到超高产水平(单产≥800 kg/667 m2),其产量也显著高于"平衡促进"处理;此种施氮模式下,超级稻在前期(移栽-拔节期)对氮的吸收量较低,中期(拔节-抽穗期)最高,后期(抽穗-成熟期)次之;氮素当季利用率(武粳15为45.83%、常优1号为41.47%)极显著高于"前促中控"模式,亦明显高于"平衡促进"模式。早熟晚粳超级稻超高产施氮模式为:麦稻两熟制的中等偏上地力(不施氮水稻产量450 kg/667m2)田块,总施纯氮20 kg/667 m2,前、中期施氮比例为5∶5,中期于倒4、倒3叶期两次等量追肥。     

水稻水气平衡栽培法对比研究

为了验证水稻水气平衡栽培法的效果,2010年早稻在广西北流市新圩镇河村进行了水稻水气平衡栽培法对比试验,结果证明:在水稻栽培中采用水气平衡栽培法有效穗多,穗大粒多,结实率高,千粒重高,比传统深水漫灌栽培法极显著增产,比常规水分管理栽培法显著增产,尤其以全生育期水不上面、不建立水层的水气平衡栽培法增产效果最好。     

水稻精确施氮试验研究

对水稻进行施氮试验、示范研究,结果表明,水稻精确施氮技术具有节省氮肥,提高氮肥利用率,增加单产,减少污染,保护土壤环境的重要作用。通过试验可知,精确施肥较常规施肥可节省氮肥4.9 kg/667 m2,增产稻谷30 kg/667 m2以上,可提高氮肥利用率6.5%。     

豫南稻区再生稻精确定量施肥技术探讨

为探讨豫南稻区再生稻精确定量施肥技术的最佳用氮量,以杂交籼稻两优6326为材料,比较分析了5个不同施氮水平条件下的水稻生长、病虫害发生、倒伏等情况及产量表现,并通过经济效益曲线拟合,得出最佳用氮量。结果表明,以头季稻施氮14.8 kg/667 m^2、再生季施氮9.0 kg/667 m^2时再生稻两季产量均较高。在此施肥水平,头季稻群体适宜,后期光合速率正常,纹枯病危害和倒伏相对较轻,成熟期茎鞘干物质积累较多,有利于高节位再生芽的萌发。经济效益曲线拟合结果显示,杂交籼稻两优6326作再生稻种植全生育期适宜施N量为27.5 kg/667 m^2,产量可达847.11 kg/667 m^2。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。