饲粮添加发酵豆粕对母猪生产性能、仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠和泌乳期母猪饲粮中添加不同水平的发酵豆粕对母猪生产性能、仔猪机体抗氧化能力的影响。选用体重（120±15） kg、健康的“长×大”母猪60头，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复3头猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮，处理组分别使用4%、8%、12%发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中普通豆粕。试验期分妊娠（114 d）和泌乳（28 d）两阶段。结果显示，与对照组相比，各发酵豆粕处理组仔猪的平均断奶窝重、断奶窝增重极显著提高（P<0.01）；各发酵豆粕处理组的母猪采食量均有提高，且12%处理组母猪饲料成本极显著升高（P<0.01），断奶窝增重的饲料成本显著降低（P<0.05）。12%处理组仔猪血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和总抗氧化力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究表明，添加12%发酵豆粕可以提高母猪的生产性能，增强仔猪机体抗氧化能力，降低饲料成本。     

日粮维生素A水平对免疫接种及热应激下蛋鸡脂质过氧化反应的影响

试验研究不同的VA添加水平（3000、6000、9000、12000IU/kg）对经免疫接种（对照组）和接种后立即热应激处理（试验组）的蛋鸡生产性能，血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量的影响。结果：表明：（1）VA水平对蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率和料蛋比无显著影响，但随着VA水平的提高，蛋重极显著增加（P＜0．01）；试验组蛋重显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），料蛋比显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组接种使机体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量极显著升高（P＜0．01）；VA添加水平对SOD活性无显著影响，但随着VA添加水平的提高，血浆中LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01）。（3）试验组免疫接种后立即热应激（32℃，24h）会抑制SOD活性的升高，使LPO含量也极显著升高（P＜0．01），48h后SOD活生极显著升高（P＜0．01）；随着VA水平的提高，SOD活性显著提高（P＜0．05），LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01），实验结果显示，高温＋免疫接种会给蛋鸡机体造成很大的影响，使机体内SOD活性受到抑制，LPO含量升高，应尽可能避免高温下进行免疫接种，提高日粮VA水平有利于减轻机体脂质过氧化程度，VA对SOD活性的影响因应激程度而有所差异。     

家蚕血液超氧化物歧化酶活力及其影响因素

家蚕血液超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）随着蚕的发育而呈现有规律的动态变化：幼虫4龄期SOD活性高于5龄，同一龄中以龄初和龄末较高，而中期较低；化蛹后．SOD活性迅速增加，蛹中期活性达到最大值，随后迅速下降直至羽化；雌蚕的SOD活性均高于雄蚕，但蛹期SOD活性却以雄性较高；不同蚕品种间SOD活力有较大差异；SOD活力与饲料也有很大关系，人工饲料有蚕的活力显著高于桑叶育蚕；氟化物处理在初期引起SOD活性上升，但随后即下降并低于对照。研究认为，家蚕体内SOD活性与蚕的发育、变态及健康状况具有密切的关系。     

不同处理方式的苜蓿草粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加苜蓿草粉或发酵苜蓿草粉对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、脏器指数、胃肠道消化酶活性、血清及组织的抗氧化指标的影响。选择健康、体重（7.12±0.15）kg的断奶仔猪90头,随机分为对照组、苜蓿草粉组（基础日粮中添加5%苜蓿草粉）、发酵苜蓿草粉组（基础日粮中添加2.5%发酵苜蓿草粉）,每组3个重复栏,每栏10头。预试期为7 d,正试期为27 d。结果表明：对照组、苜蓿草粉组、发酵苜蓿草粉组仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）和耗料增重比（F/G）无显著差异;苜蓿草粉组心脏指数高于其余各组（P<0.05）;发酵苜蓿草粉、苜蓿草粉可提高淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性,但在不同消化道部位其活性不同,大多以发酵苜蓿草粉组最高;发酵苜蓿草粉组和苜蓿草粉组血清中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性高于对照组（P<0.05）;发酵苜蓿草粉组和苜蓿草粉组肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）含量低于对照组（P<0.05）;苜蓿草粉组肾脏中总抗氧化（T-AOC）、CAT、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性高于对照组（P<0.05）;苜蓿草粉组脾脏中SOD活性高于对照组（P<...     

添加剂对汽爆玉米秸秆养分和发酵特性的影响

为解决饲料短缺问题,提高收获籽实后玉米秸秆的利用效率。本试验以经汽爆处理的玉米秸秆进行厌氧发酵,设对照（CK）、分别添加乳酸菌制剂Sila-Max（MAX）,Sila-Mix（MIX）及纤维活性菌（活性菌）4个处理,发酵60 d后测定营养成分及发酵品质。结果表明：不同处理间常规营养成分无显著差异;康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系（Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System,CNCPS）评价结果表明,活性菌组乳酸、MAX组总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）;从发酵品质来看,活性菌组pH、NH₃-N/TN显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）,乳酸显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）,MAX组乙酸、丙酸含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）,MAX,MIX组干物质损失率显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。综上,纤维活性菌可以改善秸秆发酵品质;Sila-Max可以增加乙酸、丙酸含量,减少干物质损失,具有提高秸秆有氧稳定性、抑制饲料二次发酵的潜力;Sila-Mix可以减少秸秆干物质损失。     

外源硒对绵羊孕期体内硒、铜、锌及相关抗氧化酶的影响

为了研究在相同的饲养管理条件下孕期补硒对不同品种绵羊血清中硒、铜、锌含量及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn—SOD）、超氧化物歧化酶（T—SOD）活性的影响。以处于怀孕期的85只蒙古羊、道赛特羊和萨福克羊为研究对象,测定硒、铜、锌含量和CuZn—SOD、T—SOD活性。结果表明：补硒羊从怀孕3个月起血清硒含量显著高于未补硒同品种羊（P〈0．05）,补硒与未补硒同品种羊血清锌含量在各期差异不显著（P〉0．05）;补硒与未补硒蒙古羊血清铜含量各期差畀不显著（P〉0．05）;补硒后各品种羊怀孕3个月时CuZn—SOD、T—SOD活性显著高于未补硒同品种羊（P〈0．05）。结果说明硒与铜、锌不具有颉颃作用,补硒能够显著提高血清CuZn—SOD、T—SOD活性,说明补硒对母体维持正常妊娠和增强抗病功能具有重要作用。     

狂蝇蛆病对驯鹿体内抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨驯鹿狂蝇蛆病与机体氧自由基代谢的关系，分别对感染驯鹿和健康驯鹿血清中的微量元素硒（Se）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脂质过氧化终末产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量进行了测定。结果表明，感染组驯鹿血清Se含量极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），而血清Zn、Cu含量差异不显著；感染组驯鹿血清GSH-Px活性极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；SOD活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），CuZn-SOD显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）；CAT活性差异不显著；MDA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。表明机体患病后产生大量氧自由基，导致抗氧化能力降低，引发脂质过氧化损伤。     

发酵中药和外源酶对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中药和外源酶对育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取60头育肥猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头育肥猪。对照组为基础日粮,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组分别在基础日粮中添加1%未发酵中药组方、1%发酵中药组方、1%发酵中药组方+0.5 g/kg蛋白酶+0.5 g/kg脂肪酶。预试期5 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验2组和试验3组育肥猪的平均日增重（ADG）显著增加（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）显著下降（P<0.05）;各试验组育肥猪的胴体重均显著提高（P<0.05）,背膘厚度均显著降低（P<0.05）。试验2组和试验3组育肥猪血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于试验1组和对照组（P<0.05）,试验3组育肥猪血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）;试验2组、试验3组育肥猪血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组和试验1组（P<0....     

牛磺酸对大鼠体内抗氧化系统的影响研究

观察牛磺酸（Taurine）对大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。给试验大鼠每日灌服牛磺酸，3周后处死，测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、丙二醛（MDA）及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量。结果表明各牛磺酸给药组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—PX活力及T-AOC上升，MDA含量降低，与空白组相比，差异显著（P〈0．05）。牛磺酸可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力，抑制脂质过氧化。     

UVC照射对茼蒿贮存过程中细胞膜透性和SOD活性的影响

以茼蒿为试验对象,研究了短波紫外线（ultraviolet C,UVC）照射对茼蒿贮存过程中细胞膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶（super oxide dismutase,SOD）活性的影响。试验结果表明,经UVC照射后茼蒿的细胞膜透性低于空白对照组,SOD活性高于空白对照组,说明短波紫外线照射能减轻茼蒿贮存过程中细胞的受损,经短波紫外线处理过的茼蒿抗逆能力较强,从而证明短波紫外线辐照对茼蒿的保鲜有促进作用。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.