改进的AHP法在评价农业机械化发展水平中的应用

通过对农业机械化发展水平指标的分析,建立了影响因素的层次结构模型。通过计算各因素的权重达到了量化的目的,并对诸因素的重要性进行了总排序,依据层次分析法的基本原理、存在问题和改进方法,通过对农业机械化发展水平指标的分析,建立了影响因素的层次结构模型,并且用改进的AHP法对诸因素的重要性进行排序,按排序关系可近似确立优先发展的领域。为此,使用改进的层次分析法对农业机械化的多目标决策问题进行了实例分析,从而为农业机械化发展提供一种科学的多目标决策方法。     

改进的AHP法在评价农业机械化发展水平中的应用

依据层次分析法的基本原理、存在问题、改进方法,通过对农业机械化发展水平指标的分析,建立影响因素的层次结构模型,并且用改进的AHP法对诸因素的重要性进行排序,按排序关系可近似确立优先发展的领域。     

农业机械化规模经营发展因素的层次分析

在影响农业机械化规模经营的因素的系统分析中,常常面临的是一个由相互关联、相互制约的众多因素构成的复杂而往往缺少定量数据的系统。层次分析法为这类问题的决策和排序提供了一种新的、简洁而实用的建模方法。通过使用层次分析法对河南省农业机械化规模经营因素进行分析,得出影响河南省农业机械化规模经营发展的主要因素,并分析了这些因素存在的环境与农业机械化规模经营相适应,为其进一步的研究提供参考。     

天津市农业机械化发展水平评价研究

为了能全面客观地反映天津市农业机械化水平,该文通过建立评价指标体系,利用层次分析法,对天津市农业机械化的发展水平进行综合评价并划分级别,准确地掌握天津市农业机械化的总体发展情况和所达到的水平。该研究有利于指导制定切合实际的农业机械化发展方针、政策,为宏观调控和指导农业机械化健康发展提供科学的依据。      

基于改进AHP模糊评估江汉平原农机化水平

本文运用改进的层次分析法确定农机化水平指标的权重,并结合模糊综合评价法,综合测度了江汉平原农业机械化水平,评定出江汉平原农业机械化水平介于"比较好"和"一般"之间,并把来自江汉平原的一些基层农机管理人员对当地农业机械化水平的综合评价和对应指标的重要性进行比较,确立机播、机插等为优先发展的领域,这对于今后江汉平原地区农业机械化作业水平、农业机械化的综合保障能力以及农业机械化综合效益的进一步提高有着一定的指导意义.     

农业机械化发展影响因素的分析与评价

确定影响农业机械化发展的因素及各因素的影响程度,对促进我国农业机械化的发展具有十分重要的意义.为此,根据灰色关联分析原理,提出了分析农业机械化影响因素的多类多因素灰色关联法,并结合浙江省某地区的相关统计数据进行了分析.结果表明,乡镇工业产值和乡镇工业固定资产两类指标对农业机械化发展影响最大.     

关于农业机械化评价指标体系的研究方法探讨

农业机械化是农村先进生产力发展水平的重要标志,要衡量农业机械化生产活动中投入的劳动消耗与取得的经济效果之间的比例关系,必须准确设置和正确应用农业机械化评价指标体系,以便使用同一的计量尺度计算和分析农业机械化的作用效果。本文探讨了我国农业机械化评价指标体系的研究情况,并就权重的研究方法作了分析,着重介绍了层次分析法(AHP)在指标权重体系中的应用。     

金华市农业机械化发展水平评价

为促进金华市农业机械化发展,根据现有农业机械化水平评价方法,建立了金华市农业机械化水平评价指标体系,并确定了各指标的权重.在此基础上,利用1996-2006年金华市有关农业机械化统计数据,计算出金华市历年农业机械化水平,同时分析了影响当地农业机械化发展的因素.最后,结合金华市实际,提出了促进金华市农业机械化水平提高的措施与建议.     

基于ANP的农业机械化水平评价指标权重优化

通过对层次分析法AHP和网络层次分析法ANP的比较和理论说明,引入网络层次分析法来改进农业机械化水平评价指标权重.分析结果表明:管理模式与农机作业协调程度权重提高了28.57%,农村劳动力平均受教育年数、农机工业的年技术进步速度和种植业劳动力占农村劳动力的比重等要素的权重也有所提高.     

农业机械化项目绩效评价指标体系与模糊评价

针对农业机械化管理决策中需要对实施项目进行科学评价的实际需要，结合农业机械化项目的基本情况和类型，以及绩效评价指标的确定原则，建立了农业机械化项目绩效评价指标体系。并采用层次分析法计算出农业机械化项目绩效评价指标体系中的各指标变量权重，然后在确定因素集、评语集、权重集和评判矩阵的基础上，构建了适合农业机械化项目绩效的模糊综合评判模型，并进行了案例验证分析，结论可供农机管理决策参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.